norovirus

Summary

Summary: A genus in the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with epidemic GASTROENTERITIS in humans. The type species, NORWALK VIRUS, contains multiple strains.

Webpages

  1. hpa - infections a-z
    www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName/Page/1153 ...
  2. hpa - infections a-z
    www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName/Page/1153 ...
  3. college of veterinary medicine
    www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/chang.htm
  4. department of laboratory medicine & pathology - faculty: xiaoli lilly pang
    www.lmp.ualberta.ca/personnel/faculty/pang.htm
  5. lactobacillus casei
    lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:127101
  6. cidrap >> norovirus
    www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/fs/food-disease/causes/nor ...
  7. norfolk and norwich university hospitals nhs foundation trust
    www.nnuh.nhs.uk/dept.asp?id=305
  8. cryptosporidiosis (cryptosporidium parvum) - minnesota dept. of health
    www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/cryptosporidiosis ...
  9. gastroenteritis
    www.fraserhealth.ca/HealthTopics/SchoolHealth/Pages/Gastroen ...
  10. cdc - norovirus: q&a
    www.cdc.gov/Ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/norovirus-qa.htm

Research Grants

  1. Novel diagnostics and therapeutics for caliciviruses
    MARY KOLB ESTES; Fiscal Year: 2008
  2. IMMUNITY AND PATHOGENESIS OF A NOVEL NOROVIRUS
    Herbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2008
  3. The Norwalk-like Caliciviruses Associated With Epidemic
    Kim Green; Fiscal Year: 2006
  4. Molecular analysis of astrovirus capsid assembly
    Neel K Krishna; Fiscal Year: 2005
  5. Studies Of Gastroenteritis Viruses By Electron Microscop
    ALBERT KAPIKIAN; Fiscal Year: 2006
  6. X-ray Crystallographic Studies on Caliciviruses
    BIDADI V VENKATARAM PRASAD; Fiscal Year: 2008
  7. Rapid Diagnostic Assays for Human Caliciviruses
    Robert L Atmar; Fiscal Year: 2008
  8. Norovirus Infection of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
    Herbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2008
  9. Norovirus Infection of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
    Herbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2007

Publications

  1. Human astrovirus, norovirus (GI, GII), and sapovirus infections in Pakistani children with diarrhea
    Tung Gia Phan
    Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    J Med Virol 73:256-61
  2. Methods for the detection and characterisation of noroviruses associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis: outbreaks occurring in the north-west of England during two norovirus seasons
    Chris I Gallimore
    Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
    J Med Virol 73:280-8
  3. Molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains circulating in Ireland from 2003 to 2004
    A Waters
    Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases CRID, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
    Epidemiol Infect 134:917-25
  4. Norovirus genotypes involved in the outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Croatia during the winter season 2004--2005
    S Ljubin Sternak
    Department of Virology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
    Acta Virol 51:189-94
  5. Molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Argentina
    Karina A Gomes
    Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, Departamento de Virología, INEI ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    J Med Virol 79:1703-9
  6. Enhanced reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of norovirus genogroup I
    Jens Dreier
    Institut für Laboratoriums und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
    J Clin Microbiol 44:2714-20
  7. Norovirus genotypes causing gastroenteritis outbreaks in Finland 1998-2002
    L Maunula
    HUCH Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Virology, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
    J Clin Virol 34:186-94
  8. Epidemiologic and molecular trends of "Norwalk-like viruses" associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States
    Rebecca L Fankhauser
    Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
    J Infect Dis 186:1-7
  9. Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for detecting Norwalk-like virus antigen in faeces
    A F Richards
    Enteric Virus Unit, Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT, UK
    J Clin Virol 26:109-15
  10. Norovirus contamination found in oysters worldwide
    Peter K C Cheng
    Virology Division, Public Health Laboratory Centre, Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon, Hong Kong
    J Med Virol 76:593-7

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Webpages91 found, 30 most recent shown here

  1. hpa - infections a-z
    www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName/Page/1153 ...
  2. hpa - infections a-z
    www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName/Page/1153 ...
  3. college of veterinary medicine
    www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/chang.htm
  4. department of laboratory medicine & pathology - faculty: xiaoli lilly pang
    www.lmp.ualberta.ca/personnel/faculty/pang.htm
  5. lactobacillus casei
    lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:127101
  6. cidrap >> norovirus
    www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/fs/food-disease/causes/nor ...
  7. norfolk and norwich university hospitals nhs foundation trust
    www.nnuh.nhs.uk/dept.asp?id=305
  8. cryptosporidiosis (cryptosporidium parvum) - minnesota dept. of health
    www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/cryptosporidiosis ...
  9. gastroenteritis
    www.fraserhealth.ca/HealthTopics/SchoolHealth/Pages/Gastroen ...
  10. cdc - norovirus: q&a
    www.cdc.gov/Ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/norovirus-qa.htm
  11. norovirus infection (aka norwalk virus, calicivirus, viral gastroenteritis) - minnesota dept. of health
    www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/norovirus/index.h ...
  12. outbreaks | surveillance | monitoring | monitoring and enforcement | the food safety authority of ireland
    www.fsai.ie/monitoring_and_enforcement/monitoring/surveillan ...
  13. hardin md : norwalk flu / stomach flu
    www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/norwalkvirus.html
  14. ahc | products and services
    www.ahcpub.com/products_and_services/index.html?prid=1122&sp ...
  15. ahc | products and services
    www.ahcpub.com/products_and_services/index.html?prid=1121&sp ...
  16. cidrap >> study confirms role of food handling in spread of noroviruses
    www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/fs/food-disease/news/nov14 ...
  17. hpa - norovirus
    www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/norovirus/guidelines.htm
  18. documents associated with norovirus
    www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/bulletins/catlist.jsp?cattype=Norovi ...
  19. norovirus
    www.fraserhealth.ca/HealthTopics/CommunicableDiseases/Norovi ...
  20. guidelines for the management of norovirus outbreaks in hospitals and elderly care institutions
    www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/ea6005dc347e7bd44c2566a40079ae6f/7e3 ...
  21. prévenir les maladies infectieuses
    www.santepub-mtl.qc.ca/Mi/public/gastroenterite/13012003.htm ...
  22. first cell culture system for growth of human norovirus - 2007 report
    cals.arizona.edu/impacts/2007/3_2.html
  23. norovirus found to cause traveler’s diarrhea
    www.jhsph.edu/PublicHealthNews/Press_Releases/2005/Schwab_No ...
  24. disease-specific information - cdc; dhhs maine
    www.maine.gov/dhhs/boh/disease_specific_information.htm
  25. surveillance for foodborne-disease outbreaks --- united states, 1998--2002
    www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5510a1.htm
  26. bacillus cereus - iowa state university extension
    www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/pathogens/index.cfm?par ...
  27. hepatitis e (infectieziektebestrijding
    www.rivm.nl/cib/infectieziekten-A-Z/infectieziekten/Hepatiti ...
  28. department of veterinary molecular biology, msu
    vmb.montana.edu/faculty/hardy/
  29. food safety - wsu extension
    foodsafety.wsu.edu/consumers/bugs/vibrio.html
  30. labor)krone - ärzte für laboratoriumsmedizin, mikrobiologie, virologie, infektionsepidemiologie, hygiene, umweltmedizin, reisemedizin, verkehrsmedizin, zytologie und transfusionsmedizin
    www.labkrone.de/search.php?

Research Grants9

  1. Novel diagnostics and therapeutics for caliciviruses
    MARY KOLB ESTES; Fiscal Year: 2008
    DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human caliciviruses, classified in the Norovirus genus of the family Caliciviridae, are the most common cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the U.S...
  2. IMMUNITY AND PATHOGENESIS OF A NOVEL NOROVIRUS
    Herbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..5%) competing renewal for grant R01 AI054883 entitled "Immunity and Pathogenesis of a Novel Norovirus"...
  3. The Norwalk-like Caliciviruses Associated With Epidemic
    Kim Green; Fiscal Year: 2006
    The Caliciviridae are a family of positive-strand RNA viruses and consist of four genera designated: (1) Norovirus (with species Norwalk virus) (2) Sapovirus (with species Sapporo virus); (3) Vesivirus (with species, feline calicivirus ..
  4. Molecular analysis of astrovirus capsid assembly
    Neel K Krishna; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Chimeric astrovirus particles displaying surface antigens of related gastroenteritis virus such as norovirus, a Category B bioterrorism agent, could be developed as a polyvalent, preventative vaccine...
  5. Studies Of Gastroenteritis Viruses By Electron Microscop
    ALBERT KAPIKIAN; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..microscope played a major role (i) in the discovery of the 27nm Norwalk virus (now known as a member of the Norovirus genus in the calicivirus family) and the establishment of its etiologic role in human diarrheal disease, and (ii)..
  6. X-ray Crystallographic Studies on Caliciviruses
    BIDADI V VENKATARAM PRASAD; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..2) recombinant Grimsby virus capsid (rGrV), as a representative of human calicivirus in the genogroup 2 of the Norovirus genus which shows contrasting carbohydrate binding properties, and (3) recombinant Sapporo virus capsid as a ..
  7. Rapid Diagnostic Assays for Human Caliciviruses
    Robert L Atmar; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Human caliciviruses are divided into two genera, Norovirus and Sapovirus, and within these genera are many genetically and antigenically distinct groups...
  8. Norovirus Infection of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
    Herbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..This abstract is not available. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  9. Norovirus Infection of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
    Herbert W Virgin; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This abstract is not available...

Publications62

  1. Human astrovirus, norovirus (GI, GII), and sapovirus infections in Pakistani children with diarrhea
    Tung Gia Phan
    Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    J Med Virol 73:256-61
    ..with acute gastroenteritis from 1990 to 1994 were collected and screened by RT-PCR for human astrovirus (AstV), norovirus (NV), and sapovirus (SV)...
  2. Methods for the detection and characterisation of noroviruses associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis: outbreaks occurring in the north-west of England during two norovirus seasons
    Chris I Gallimore
    Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
    J Med Virol 73:280-8
    ..However, a wide range of apparently diverse strains was identified, including several not previously reported. Genomic characterisation revealed clusters of linked outbreaks not recognised previously...
  3. Molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains circulating in Ireland from 2003 to 2004
    A Waters
    Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases CRID, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
    Epidemiol Infect 134:917-25
    Since 2002, the burden of norovirus (NoV) infection in Ireland has increased. Outbreaks in institutional settings are the most common causing widespread disruption to health service delivery...
  4. Norovirus genotypes involved in the outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Croatia during the winter season 2004--2005
    S Ljubin Sternak
    Department of Virology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
    Acta Virol 51:189-94
    Seven outbreaks and four sporadic cases of the non-bacterial gastroenteritis caused by a norovirus (NoV) were detected in Croatia between November 2004 and February 2005...
  5. Molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Argentina
    Karina A Gomes
    Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, Departamento de Virología, INEI ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    J Med Virol 79:1703-9
    ..Thirty-seven out of the 39 Calicivirus-positive samples were typed as Norovirus while the remaining two were typed as Sapovirus...
  6. Enhanced reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of norovirus genogroup I
    Jens Dreier
    Institut für Laboratoriums und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
    J Clin Microbiol 44:2714-20
    ..a one-tube reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method using the real-time TaqMan PCR system for the detection of norovirus genogroup I (NV GGI)...
  7. Norovirus genotypes causing gastroenteritis outbreaks in Finland 1998-2002
    L Maunula
    HUCH Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Virology, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
    J Clin Virol 34:186-94
    ..Our aim was also to further characterise the norovirus strains, reveal the temporal occurrence of norovirus (NV) genotypes and to study some epidemiological aspects ..
  8. Epidemiologic and molecular trends of "Norwalk-like viruses" associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States
    Rebecca L Fankhauser
    Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
    J Infect Dis 186:1-7
    ..Strain diversity was great: one potential new sequence cluster was implicated in multiple outbreaks, and strains belonging to a tentative new genogroup were identified...
  9. Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for detecting Norwalk-like virus antigen in faeces
    A F Richards
    Enteric Virus Unit, Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT, UK
    J Clin Virol 26:109-15
    ....
  10. Norovirus contamination found in oysters worldwide
    Peter K C Cheng
    Virology Division, Public Health Laboratory Centre, Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon, Hong Kong
    J Med Virol 76:593-7
    ..Noroviruses (Norwalk-like viruses) are recognized as major causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis are often associated with consumption of oysters...
  11. Single base substitutions in the capsid region of the norovirus genome during viral shedding in cases of infection in areas where norovirus infection is endemic
    Mayumi Obara
    Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17 1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu shi, Toyama 939 0363, Japan
    J Clin Microbiol 46:3397-403
    b>Norovirus (NoV) infections are the major cause of food- and waterborne nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Japan...
  12. Recombinant norovirus implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
    Shinji Fukuda
    Center for Public Health and Environment, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Hiroshima, Japan
    J Med Virol 80:921-8
    b>Norovirus (NoV) is a major etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide...
  13. Foodborne outbreak caused by a Norwalk-like virus in India
    R Girish
    Department of Microbiology, Virology Section, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
    J Med Virol 67:603-7
    ..This is the first report of a food-borne outbreak attributable to NLVs from India...
  14. Genetic diversity of noroviruses in Taiwan between November 2004 and March 2005
    F-T Wu
    Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
    Arch Virol 151:1319-27
    ..Noroviruses were detected in all outbreaks. We detected six different norovirus genotypes: GI/11, GI/14, GII/3, GII/4, GII/6, and GII/18...
  15. Additional value of typing Noroviruses in gastroenteritis outbreaks in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    A G Koek
    Amsterdam Municipal Health Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, GGD, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    J Clin Virol 35:167-72
    ..In the Amsterdam hospital, the two outbreaks were caused by this predominant GgII4nv type, and we argue that NV was most likely reintroduced in the second outbreak from the Amsterdam community...
  16. Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in southwest Germany from 2001 to 2004
    Anthony C Ike
    Baden Württemberg State Health Office, District Government Stuttgart, Wiederholdstrasse 15, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
    J Clin Microbiol 44:1262-7
    The identification and molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis were studied during a 3-year period in Germany...
  17. Norovirus strains belonging to the GII.4 genotype dominate as a cause of nosocomial outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in Sweden 1997--2005. Arrival of new variants is associated with large nation-wide epidemics
    Kari Johansen
    Department of Virology, Immunology and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 171 82 Solna, Sweden
    J Clin Virol 42:129-34
    ..OBJECTIVES: To phylogenetically characterize norovirus strains causing nosocomial outbreaks from 1997 to 2005 and estimate the impact of norovirus-like disease on the ..
  18. Detection of norovirus and sapovirus infection among children with gastroenteritis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
    G S Hansman
    Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    Arch Virol 149:1673-88
    This report describes norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) infections in hospitalized children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam...
  19. Sensitive and rapid detection of norovirus using duplex TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
    Setsuko Ishida
    Division of Enteric Virology, Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Japan
    J Med Virol 80:913-20
    Conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect norovirus (NV) is a complex of multi-step procedure that requires gel electrophoresis as well as hybridization or sequencing to confirm the final diagnosis...
  20. Norovirus outbreaks from drinking water
    Leena Maunula
    Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, HUCH Laboratory Diagnostics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
    Emerg Infect Dis 11:1716-21
    ..In 10 outbreaks, the water sample also yielded a norovirus. In all but 1 instance, the amplicon sequence was identical to that recovered from the patients...
  21. Diagnosis of Norovirus outbreaks by commercial ELISA or RT-PCR
    Erwin de Bruin
    Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, P O Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    J Virol Methods 137:259-64
    ..However, the ELISA kits can be useful for a preliminary screening, provided that ELISA negative outbreaks will be re-tested by RT-PCR methods...
  22. Norovirus infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic food handlers in Japan
    Kazuhiro Ozawa
    Chubu Food and Environmental Safety Center, Shizuoka, Tokyo, Japan
    J Clin Microbiol 45:3996-4005
    Noroviruses are the leading cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the world. At present, norovirus genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII/4), strains are the most prevalent in many countries...
  23. A norovirus outbreak of gastroenteritis linked to packed lunches
    Naomi Sakon
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
    Jpn J Infect Dis 58:253
  24. Effectiveness of an RT-booster-PCR method for detection of noroviruses in stools collected after an outbreak of gastroenteritis
    Dario De Medici
    Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per la Qualità degli Alimenti e per i Rischi Alimentari, Reparto Pericoli Microbiologici connessi con gli Alimenti, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
    J Virol Methods 144:161-4
    ..A sensitive detection method, such as the RT-booster-PCR described below may resolve the cases...
  25. Genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus isolated from children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand
    Rungnapa Malasao
    Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
    J Med Virol 80:1749-55
    b>Norovirus (NV), sapovirus (SV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children...
  26. Acute gastroenteritis cases associated with noroviruses infection in the state of Rio de Janeiro
    M S R Ferreira
    Laboratory of Comparative Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    J Med Virol 80:338-44
    ..detection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the presence of norovirus (NoV) and astrovirus...
  27. Emergence of a new norovirus genotype II.4 variant associated with global outbreaks of gastroenteritis
    Rowena A Bull
    School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
    J Clin Microbiol 44:327-33
    b>Norovirus (NoV) is highly infectious and is the major cause of outbreak gastroenteritis in adults, with pandemic spread of the virus being reported in 1995 and 2002...
  28. Homologous versus heterologous immune responses to Norwalk-like viruses among crew members after acute gastroenteritis outbreaks on 2 US Navy vessels
    Tibor Farkas
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio 45229, USA
    J Infect Dis 187:187-93
    ..These results indicate that recombinant EIAs are useful for outbreak investigation and that the homologous antibody might be protective against reinfection...
  29. Use of TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR for rapid detection, quantification, and typing of norovirus
    A Angelica Trujillo
    National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 44:1405-12
    ..These assays have proven useful in assisting scientists in public health and diagnostic laboratories report findings quickly to outbreak management teams...
  30. Diversity of enteric viruses detected in patients with gastroenteritis in a tertiary referral paediatric hospital
    Chris I Gallimore
    Enteric Virus Unit, Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
    J Med Virol 73:443-9
    ..Routine screening of immunocompromised patients and infection control procedures are important to prevent nosocomial infection...
  31. [Pilot experience of studying calicivirus infection in Moscow children]
    A A Mukhina
    Vopr Virusol 47:33-7
    ..The use of the RT-PCR assay developed in our laboratory allowed the etiology of 22.2% of cases of acute gastroenteritis of uncertain etiology to be identified...
  32. Molecular epidemiology of caliciviruses causing outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in Spain
    J Buesa
    Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Spain
    J Clin Microbiol 40:2854-9
    ..The nucleotide sequence of part of the capsid gene (ORF2) from three of these strains demonstrated their relationship with Mexico virus...
  33. Norovirus genotype IIb associated acute gastroenteritis in India
    Preeti Chhabra
    Rotavirus Department, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
    J Clin Virol 42:429-32
    ..OBJECTIVE: To determine the norovirus prevalence in sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in western India...
  34. Molecular and epidemiological trend of norovirus associated gastroenteritis in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
    Shuvra Kanti Dey
    Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7 3 1 Hongo, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
    J Clin Virol 40:218-23
    ..OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of norovirus infection in infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis in Dhaka City, Bangladesh and to determine ..
  35. Detection of the norovirus variants GGII.4 hunter and GGIIb/hilversum in Italian children with gastroenteritis
    Stefania Ramirez
    Dipartimento di Igiene e Microbiologia, Università di Palermo, Italy
    J Med Virol 78:1656-62
    ..Based on this 1-year study we concluded that NoVs were a diffuse cause of sporadic cases of acute childhood gastroenteritis and that strains of global epidemiological relevance were circulating in Palermo, Italy in 2004...
  36. Detection of both hepatitis A virus and Norwalk-like virus in imported clams associated with food-borne illness
    David H Kingsley
    U S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA
    Appl Environ Microbiol 68:3914-8
    ..An analysis of fecal coliforms revealed a most-probable number of 93,000/100 g of clam meat, which is approximately 300-fold higher than the hygienic standard for shellfish meats...
  37. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to infections with Norovirus in Switzerland, 2001-2003
    R Fretz
    Cantonal Laboratory Basel-Landschaft, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
    Epidemiol Infect 133:429-37
    ..Switzerland, an initial study was launched in the German-speaking part of the country to systematically compile Norovirus outbreak information between 2001 and 2003. In total, 73 outbreaks were registered...
  38. Molecular epidemiology of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in New York State, 1998-1999
    Nando K Chatterjee
    New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 38:S303-10
    ..A spectrum of different nucleotide sequences were detected, demonstrating interoutbreak sequence variation and unrelated infections. NLV is a significant causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in New York State...
  39. Epidemiological and virological investigation of a Norovirus outbreak in a resort in Puglia, Italy
    Caterina Rizzo
    Dep of Pharmaco Biology, University of Bari, Italy
    BMC Infect Dis 7:135
    BACKGROUND: This paper describes the third large outbreak of Norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis reported in the Southern Italy region of Puglia...
  40. Rapid detection of noroviruses in fecal samples and shellfish by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification
    Xiaoxia Kou
    Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China
    J Microbiol 44:403-8
    ..The NASBA assay provided a more rapid and efficient way of detecting noroviruses in fecal samples and demonstrated its potential for detecting noroviruses in food and environmental samples with high specificity and sensitivity...
  41. Norovirus gastroenteritis general outbreak associated with raw shellfish consumption in south Italy
    Rosa Prato
    Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e del Lavoro, Section of Hygiene, University of Foggia, Italy
    BMC Infect Dis 4:37
    ..The study confirms that the present standards for human faecal contamination do not seem to be a reliable indicator of viral contaminants in mussels...
  42. Simultaneous detection and genogroup-screening test for norovirus genogroups I and II from fecal specimens in single tube by reverse transcription- loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay
    Shinji Fukuda
    Department of Microbiology II, Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Minami machi 1 6 29, Minami Ku, Hiroshima 734 0007, Japan
    Microbiol Immunol 51:547-50
    ....
  43. Surveillance of norovirus infection in a study of sporadic childhood gastroenteritis in South West England and South Wales, during one winter season (1999-2000)
    Pippa C Froggatt
    Regional Virus Laboratory, Public Health Laboratory, Myrtle Road, Bristol, United Kingdom
    J Med Virol 72:307-11
    ..9%), astrovirus 97 cases (3.1%) and calicivirus in 7 cases (0.2%). NLV was the second most common viral agent indicating a significant role in cases of sporadic childhood gastroenteritis...
  44. Impact of an outbreak of norovirus infection on hospital resources
    Walter Zingg
    Hospital Epidemiology Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:263-7
    OBJECTIVE: To describe a nosocomial norovirus outbreak, its management, and its financial impact on hospital resources. DESIGN: A matched case-control study and microbiological investigation...
  45. [An outbreak of vomiting and diarrhea in a nursing home caused by the Norwalk-like virus: implications of the Dutch law on infectious diseases and new diagnostic options]
    W P Achterberg
    Cascade Zorgcentrum Rosendael, Indusdreef 5, 3564 GV Utrecht
    Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 146:2436-9
    ..This law requires major outbreaks of infectious diseases in institutions as described here to be reported to the Municipal Health Service. Together with this agency, strategies to prevent further spread of the disease can be implemented...
  46. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay for detection of norovirus in outbreak specimens
    A Dimitriadis
    Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Victoria, 3051, Australia
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24:615-8
    ..outbreaks (130 specimens) in Victoria, Australia, to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the RIDASCREEN norovirus enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit relative to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and/or electron ..
  47. Multiplex real time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitation of norovirus genogroups I and II in patients with acute gastroenteritis
    Xiaoli L Pang
    Provincial Laboratory for Public Health Microbiology, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2 08, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, Alta, Canada T6G 2B7
    J Clin Virol 33:168-71
    BACKGROUND: Conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Con RT-PCR) assay to detect norovirus is a complex multi-step procedure that requires gel electrophoresis as well as hybridization or sequencing to confirm the ..
  48. Comparison of primers for NLV diagnosis
    Rory Gunson
    J Clin Virol 26:379-80
  49. Probabilities in norovirus outbreak diagnosis
    Erwin Duizer
    Center for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    J Clin Virol 40:38-42
    ..Yet, diagnostic testing for norovirus is based mostly on RNA detection by RT-PCR, which is not widely available...
  50. [Outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in nursing homes in Haifa, 2002-2003]
    Elioz Hefer
    Haifa District Health Office, Ministry of Health
    Harefuah 144:187-90, 230
    BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of Norovirus gastroenteritis is unknown since diagnostic tests are less readily available than for other agents...
  51. Evaluation of the Dako IDEIA norovirus EIA assay for detection of norovirus using faecal specimens from Australian gastroenteritis outbreaks
    Anna Dimitriadis
    Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Pathology 38:157-65
    AIMS: New techniques for detection of norovirus, a major cause of gastroenteritis, require ongoing evaluation...
  52. Norovirus capture with histo-blood group antigens reveals novel virus-ligand interactions
    Patrick R Harrington
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
    J Virol 78:3035-45
    ..Recent studies of norovirus attachment in vitro by using recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) suggest that various norovirus strains ..
  53. Development of a rapid immunochromatographic test for noroviruses genogroups I and II
    Sayaka Takanashi
    Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7 3 1 Hongo, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
    J Virol Methods 148:1-8
    b>Norovirus (NoV) is known to cause acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide...
  54. Epidemiology of Norwalk-like virus infections in cattle in The Netherlands
    Wim H M van der Poel
    Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection MGB, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, P O Box 1, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    Vet Microbiol 92:297-309
    ..6%. Our data shows that NLV is endemic in the cattle population in The Netherlands and genetically distinct from NLVs in humans...
  55. Multiprefectural spread of gastroenteritis outbreaks attributable to a single genogroup II norovirus strain from a tourist restaurant in Nagasaki, Japan
    Yoichi Hirakata
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Nagasaki 852 8501, Japan
    J Clin Microbiol 43:1093-8
    ..The series of outbreaks described here exemplifies the role of tourism as a contemporary way to distribute a single infectious agent to multiple and geographically remote areas...
  56. Norovirus mixed infection in an oyster-associated outbreak: an opportunity for recombination
    S J Symes
    Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
    Arch Virol 152:1075-86
    ..each displayed evidence of a potential recombination event when the sequences were compared with other published norovirus sequences...
  57. Genotyping of Norovirus strains detected in outbreaks between April 2002 and March 2003 in Osaka City, Japan
    Yoshiyuki Seto
    Department of Virology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
    Microbiol Immunol 49:275-83
    ..The 51 NV strains detected in this study were segregated into 15 genotypes (6 in genogroup I and 9 in genogroup II), and GII/5 genotype NV was a dominant outbreak genotype...
  58. Pediatric norovirus diarrhea in Nicaragua
    Filemon Bucardo
    Department of Microbiology, University of León, UNAN León, Nicaragua
    J Clin Microbiol 46:2573-80
    Information about norovirus (NoV) infections in Central America is limited...