bluetongue

Summary

Alias: blue tongue
Summary: A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet.

Webpages

  1. all serological tests
    www.vet.utk.edu/diagnostic/all_tests.php
  2. biting flies
    www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/pcbitingflies.htm
  3. biting midges, no-see-ums, culicoides spp
    creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/aquatic/biting_midges.htm
  4. memórias on line
    memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/981/4613.html
  5. project titles msc molecular biology of infectious diseases
    www.lshtm.ac.uk/prospectus/docs/msmbid_project_titles.html
  6. material safety data sheets (msds) for infectious substances - public health agency of canada
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds35e.html
  7. material safety data sheets (msds) for infectious substances - public health agency of canada
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds33e.html
  8. college of veterinary medicine
    www.vet.ksu.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/ganders.htm
  9. virus capsid poster
    www.cgl.ucsf.edu/Research/virus/poster/poster.html
  10. urco recipients spring 2007 - undergraduate research - research.usu.edu
    research.usu.edu/undergrad/htm/funding-opportunities/urco/ur ...

Research Grants

  1. A HTS Assay for Identifying Anti-Viral Drugs Against Arbovirus Infections
    Qianjun Li; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. Interactions of proteins in the Bluetongue virus core
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2008
  3. Bluetongue Virus Morphogenesis
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2005
  4. Acquisition of a 200 kV Cryo-Electron Microscope
    David D Chaplin; Fiscal Year: 2005
  5. ASSEMBLY OF INFECTIOUS BLUETONGUE VIRION FROM CDNA CLONE
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2002
  6. Assemby and Recombination of dsRNA Bacteriophage phi8
    LEONARD E MINDICH; Fiscal Year: 2004
  7. Research Training in Non-enveloped Virus Entry
    Melina A Agosto; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. INTERACTIONS OF PROTEINS IN THE BLUETONGUE VIRUS CORE
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2004
  9. Research Training in Viral mu2 Localization and Function
    JOHN J CARVALHO; Fiscal Year: 2006
  10. Research Training in Virus RNA Localization
    Cathy L Miller; Fiscal Year: 2004

Publications

  1. Potential new Culicoides vector of bluetongue virus in northern Europe
    R Meiswinkel
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale G. Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
    Vet Rec 161:564-5
  2. Duration of viraemia infectious to Culicoides sonorensis in bluetongue virus-infected cattle and sheep
    K R Bonneau
    Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
    Vet Microbiol 88:115-25
  3. Spatial distribution of bluetongue virus and its Culicoides vectors in Sicily
    A Torina
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
    Med Vet Entomol 18:81-9
  4. Active circulation of bluetongue vaccine virus serotype-2 among unvaccinated cattle in central Italy
    G Ferrari
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
    Prev Vet Med 68:103-13
  5. Occurrence of genetic drift and founder effect during quasispecies evolution of the VP2 and NS3/NS3A genes of bluetongue virus upon passage between sheep, cattle, and Culicoides sonorensis
    K R Bonneau
    Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    J Virol 75:8298-305
  6. Culicoides chiopterus as a potential vector of bluetongue virus in Europe
    E Dijkstra
    Vet Rec 162:422
  7. Identification of a novel bluetongue virus vector species of Culicoides in Sicily
    S Caracappa
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Palermo, Italy
    Vet Rec 153:71-4
  8. Bluetongue control--a new challenge for Europe
    Birgit Makoschey
    Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
    Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 121:306-13
  9. Description of the outbreak of bluetongue in Corsica in 2003, and lessons for surveillance
    G Gerbier
    CIRAD, TA A 16, Campus International de Baillarguet, F 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
    Vet Rec 162:173-6
  10. [Bluetongue: isolation and characterization of the virus and identification of vectors in northeastern Argentina]
    C Gorch
    Institutos de Virología y Patobiología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC25, 1712 Castelar, Argentina
    Rev Argent Microbiol 34:150-6

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Webpages72 found, 30 most recent shown here

  1. all serological tests
    www.vet.utk.edu/diagnostic/all_tests.php
  2. biting flies
    www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/pcbitingflies.htm
  3. biting midges, no-see-ums, culicoides spp
    creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/aquatic/biting_midges.htm
  4. memórias on line
    memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/981/4613.html
  5. project titles msc molecular biology of infectious diseases
    www.lshtm.ac.uk/prospectus/docs/msmbid_project_titles.html
  6. material safety data sheets (msds) for infectious substances - public health agency of canada
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds35e.html
  7. material safety data sheets (msds) for infectious substances - public health agency of canada
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds33e.html
  8. college of veterinary medicine
    www.vet.ksu.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/ganders.htm
  9. virus capsid poster
    www.cgl.ucsf.edu/Research/virus/poster/poster.html
  10. urco recipients spring 2007 - undergraduate research - research.usu.edu
    research.usu.edu/undergrad/htm/funding-opportunities/urco/ur ...
  11. bernadette c. taylor | microbiology | uw-la crosse
    www.uwlax.edu/microbiology/taylor.htm
  12. animal viruses: molecular biology | cdc eid
    www.cdc.gov/EID/content/14/5/867a.htm
  13. material safety data sheets (msds) for infectious substances - public health agency of canada
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/msds3oe.html
  14. josé francisco ruiz fons. neiker tecnalia,instituto vasco de investigación y desarrollo agrario. nekazal ikerketa eta garapenako euskal erakundea
    www.neiker.net/muestracontenido.asp?nodo1=0&nodo2=0&nodo3=0& ...
  15. phage displayed peptides and anti-idiotype antibodies recognised by a monoclonal antibody directed against a diagnostic antigen of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae - publications des agents du cirad
    publications.cirad.fr/une_notice.php?dk=510586
  16. jenner
    www.jenner.ac.uk/invest_biog_t_hanke.html
  17. the espript/endscript team
    espript.ibcp.fr/ESPript/common/references.php
  18. 8th international congress of veterinary virology
    www.vmri.hu/esvvprogram.htm
  19. entrez gene statistics
    www.ncbi.nih.gov/projects/Gene/gentrez_stats.cgi?TAXORG=1089 ...
  20. cidrap >> african horse sickness
    www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/anim ...
  21. institute for animal health: page
    www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk/bluetongue/bt.shtml
  22. institute for animal health: page
    www.iah.ac.uk/bluetongue/bt.shtml
  23. virus replication
    buchta.lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:1147
  24. virus replication
    lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:1147
  25. laboratory of prof. polly roy
    www.lshtm.ac.uk/pmbu/research/roylab/index.html
  26. serology
    addl.purdue.edu/userguide/serology/filter.asp?name=BTV
  27. pmbu research on viruses
    www.lshtm.ac.uk/pmbu/research/viruses/index.html
  28. n. james maclachlan
    faculty.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/faculty/njmaclachlan/
  29. bluetongue
    lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:109649

Research Grants10

  1. A HTS Assay for Identifying Anti-Viral Drugs Against Arbovirus Infections
    Qianjun Li; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..are caused by arboviruses, including Dengue virus (DNV) in Asia, West Nile virus (WNV) in North America and Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Europe...
  2. Interactions of proteins in the Bluetongue virus core
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Atomic structures for the cores of three members of this family (Bluetongue virus, Rice dwarf virus and mammalian orthoreovirus) are available, and are among the largest structures solved ..
  3. Bluetongue Virus Morphogenesis
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2005
    DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a multi-layered, double-stranded, arthropod borne RNA virus and is the type member of the Orbiviruses, within the family Reoviridae...
  4. Acquisition of a 200 kV Cryo-Electron Microscope
    David D Chaplin; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Ball), assembly of the bluetongue virus core (P, Roy), and packaging of the VSV RNA nucleocapsid complex (M. Luo)...
  5. ASSEMBLY OF INFECTIOUS BLUETONGUE VIRION FROM CDNA CLONE
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..This proposal concerns establishment of such systems for a dsRNA virus, in particular, a model virus system, bluetongue virus (BTV), for which much is known, both at the structural and molecular genetic levels...
  6. Assemby and Recombination of dsRNA Bacteriophage phi8
    LEONARD E MINDICH; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Several members of the reoviridae, e.g. rotavirus and blue tongue virus, are the etiologic agents of important human and animal diseases...
  7. Research Training in Non-enveloped Virus Entry
    Melina A Agosto; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..and is a model system for other family members, including rotavirus, which is an important human pathogen, and bluetongue virus, which has agricultural significance as a livestock pathogen...
  8. INTERACTIONS OF PROTEINS IN THE BLUETONGUE VIRUS CORE
    Polly Roy; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..This abstract is not available...
  9. Research Training in Viral mu2 Localization and Function
    JOHN J CARVALHO; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Reoviruses are dsRNA viruses of the Reoviridae family, which includes human (rotavirus) and veterinary (blue tongue disease) pathogens...
  10. Research Training in Virus RNA Localization
    Cathy L Miller; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..of the Reoviridae family of segmented dsRNA viruses that include important human (rotavirus) and veterinary (blue tongue disease) pathogens...

Publications62

  1. Potential new Culicoides vector of bluetongue virus in northern Europe
    R Meiswinkel
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale G. Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
    Vet Rec 161:564-5
  2. Duration of viraemia infectious to Culicoides sonorensis in bluetongue virus-infected cattle and sheep
    K R Bonneau
    Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
    Vet Microbiol 88:115-25
    The duration of viraemia infectious to Culicoides sonorensis (C. sonorensis) was evaluated in bluetongue virus (BTV)-infected sheep and cattle by feeding laboratory-reared C...
  3. Spatial distribution of bluetongue virus and its Culicoides vectors in Sicily
    A Torina
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
    Med Vet Entomol 18:81-9
    During the recent Mediterranean epizootic of bluetongue, an extensive programme of serological and vector (Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)) surveillance was carried out across Sicily...
  4. Active circulation of bluetongue vaccine virus serotype-2 among unvaccinated cattle in central Italy
    G Ferrari
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
    Prev Vet Med 68:103-13
    Several seroconversions occurring in 2002 among sentinel cattle during the bluetongue-vaccination campaign in Lazio and Tuscany (central Italy) led to the suspicion of vaccine-virus circulation...
  5. Occurrence of genetic drift and founder effect during quasispecies evolution of the VP2 and NS3/NS3A genes of bluetongue virus upon passage between sheep, cattle, and Culicoides sonorensis
    K R Bonneau
    Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    J Virol 75:8298-305
    b>Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the cause of an insect-transmitted virus infection of ruminants that occurs throughout much of the world...
  6. Culicoides chiopterus as a potential vector of bluetongue virus in Europe
    E Dijkstra
    Vet Rec 162:422
  7. Identification of a novel bluetongue virus vector species of Culicoides in Sicily
    S Caracappa
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Palermo, Italy
    Vet Rec 153:71-4
    The vectors of bluetongue virus are certain species of Culicoides biting midges, and in the Mediterranean area Culicoides imicola has long been considered to be the only field vector...
  8. Bluetongue control--a new challenge for Europe
    Birgit Makoschey
    Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
    Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 121:306-13
  9. Description of the outbreak of bluetongue in Corsica in 2003, and lessons for surveillance
    G Gerbier
    CIRAD, TA A 16, Campus International de Baillarguet, F 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
    Vet Rec 162:173-6
    Since 1999, several serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) have been isolated in the western part of the Mediterranean basin, and since 2000, Corsica has been exposed to three different serotypes: BTV serotype 2 in 2000, BTV serotype 4 (BTV-..
  10. [Bluetongue: isolation and characterization of the virus and identification of vectors in northeastern Argentina]
    C Gorch
    Institutos de Virología y Patobiología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC25, 1712 Castelar, Argentina
    Rev Argent Microbiol 34:150-6
    ..Haematophagous insects were captured in one farm using light traps and Culicoides insignis Lutz was the predominant species detected. This is the first isolation of BTV in Argentina from northeastern bovines without any disease symptom...
  11. Phylogenetic status and matrilineal structure of the biting midge, Culicoides imicola, in Portugal, Rhodes and Israel
    J F Dallas
    School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen
    Med Vet Entomol 17:379-87
    ..Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is the most important Old World vector of African horse sickness (AHS) and bluetongue (BT)...
  12. Predicting the risk of bluetongue through time: climate models of temporal patterns of outbreaks in Israel
    B V Purse
    Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
    Rev Sci Tech 23:761-75
    ..In Israel, outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) have occurred almost annually since at least 1950, with severe episodes occurring periodically...
  13. Geographical and seasonal distribution of the bluetongue virus vector, Culicoides imicola, in central Italy
    C De Liberato
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Rome, Italy
    Med Vet Entomol 17:388-94
    Following the first incursion of bluetongue virus (BTV) into Italy, the geographical and seasonal distribution of the biting midge Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the main vector of BTV and African horse sickness ..
  14. Spatial distribution of Culicoides species in Portugal in relation to the transmission of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses
    R Capela
    Department of Biology and Geology, Universidade da Madeira, Portugal
    Med Vet Entomol 17:165-77
    ..pulicaris in summer lead us to suggest that C. imicola could bring African horse sickness virus or bluetongue virus into contact with C. pulicaris and the latter complex, together with C...
  15. Bluetongue in the United Kingdom and northern Europe in 2007 and key issues for 2008
    J Gloster
    Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
    Vet Rec 162:298-302
    As predicted, bluetongue arrived in the UK in 2007...
  16. Possible introduction of bluetongue into the Balearic Islands, Spain, in 2000, via air streams
    A Alba
    Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Edifici V, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
    Vet Rec 155:460-1
  17. Spatial and temporal distribution of bluetongue and its Culicoides vectors in Bulgaria
    B V Purse
    Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey
    Med Vet Entomol 20:335-44
    ..Sentinel and ad hoc serum surveillance of hosts susceptible to bluetongue infection was carried out at around 300 sites between 1999 and 2003...
  18. Bluetongue virus in the Mediterranean Basin 1998-2001
    P S Mellor
    Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
    Vet J 164:20-37
    b>Bluetongue (BT) exists around the world in a broad band covering much of the Americas, Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia and, occasionally, the southern fringe of Europe...
  19. The re-emergence of bluetongue
    Matthew Baylis
    Vet J 164:5-6
  20. First record of Culicoides imicola, the main vector of bluetongue virus in Europe, in the Basque Country (northern Spain)
    A Goldarazena
    Laboratorio de Entomologia, NEIKER-TECNALIA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Apdo 46 Arkaute, E01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
    Vet Rec 162:820-1
  21. Breeding sites of bluetongue vectors in northern Europe
    Jean-Yves Zimmer
    Vet Rec 162:131
  22. A possible overwintering mechanism for bluetongue virus in the absence of the insect vector
    H Takamatsu
    Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
    J Gen Virol 84:227-35
    b>Bluetongue virus (BTV) and several other Orbivirus species are transmitted between mammalian hosts via bites from adults of certain species of Culicoides midges...
  23. A duplex RT-PCR assay for detection of genome segment 7 (VP7 gene) from 24 BTV serotypes
    S Anthony
    Arbovirology Department, Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
    J Virol Methods 141:188-97
    Since 1998, six distinct serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have invaded Southern and Central Europe, persisting in some regions for up to 6 years and resulting in the deaths of >1.8 million sheep...
  24. Culicoides mohave (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): new occurrence records and potential role in transmission of hemorrhagic disease
    S S Rosenstock
    Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch, 2221 W Greenway Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85023, USA
    J Med Entomol 40:577-9
    ..Culicoides are important in the transmission of viral diseases affecting wild and domestic ungulates, including bluetongue (BLU) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD). The primary known vector for these viruses is C...
  25. Establishment of an early warning system against bluetongue virus in Switzerland
    V Racloz
    Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Bern
    Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 148:593-8
    b>Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne animal disease of economical importance due to the international trade restrictions likely to be put into place in a country once the infection is discovered...
  26. Molecular epidemiology of Bluetongue virus in northern Colorado
    David M White
    USDA, ARS, Arthropod Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, P O Box 3965, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
    Virus Res 118:39-45
    The molecular epidemiology of Bluetongue virus serotype 11 (BTV11) in an enzootic focus in northern Colorado was investigated...
  27. When will bluetongue transmission start in 2008?
    Matthew Baylis
    Vet Rec 162:526; author reply 527
  28. Vector competence of South African Culicoides species for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) with special reference to the effect of temperature on the rate of virus replication in C. imicola and C. bolitinos
    J T Paweska
    Division of Virology, ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa
    Med Vet Entomol 16:10-21
    The oral susceptibility of 22 South African livestock associated Culicoides species to infection with bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) and its replication rate in C. imicola Kieffer and C...
  29. Oral susceptibility of South African stock-associated Culicoides species to bluetongue virus
    G J Venter
    ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
    Med Vet Entomol 20:329-34
    Field-collected South African Culicoides species (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) were fed on sheep blood containing bluetongue virus (BTV) represented by 13 low-passage reference serotypes: -1, -2, -4, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, -16 ..
  30. Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe
    Bethan V Purse
    Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, UK
    Nat Rev Microbiol 3:171-81
    b>Bluetongue, a devastating disease of ruminants, has historically made only brief, sporadic incursions into the fringes of Europe...
  31. Performance evaluation of a competitive ELISA test used for bluetongue antibody detection in France, a recently infected area
    Fabienne Biteau Coroller
    CIRAD, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Département d élevage et de médecine vétérinaire, TA 30 E, Campus International de Baillarguet, F 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
    Vet Microbiol 118:57-66
    In 1998, bluetongue (BT) was introduced in northern Africa and then extended to northern latitudes including the French island of Corsica...
  32. [Epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 8 outbreaks in the Netherlands in 2006]
    Armin Elbers
    Divisie Virologie, Centraal Veterinair Instituut van Wageningen UR, Postbus 65, 8200 AB Lelystad
    Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 133:222-9
    In August 2006 a major epidemic of Bluetongue (BT) occurred in north-western Europe, affecting The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxemburg, and the north of France...
  33. Clinical signs and pathology shown by British sheep and cattle infected with bluetongue virus serotype 8 derived from the 2006 outbreak in northern Europe
    K E Darpel
    Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey
    Vet Rec 161:253-61
    Four poll Dorset sheep and four Holstein-Friesian cattle were infected with the northern European strain of bluetongue virus (BTV), BTV-8, to assess its pathogenicity in UK breeds...
  34. Emerging infectious diseases. During a hot summer, bluetongue virus invades northern Europe
    Martin Enserink
    Science 313:1218-9
  35. Bluetongue virus isolations from midges belonging to the Obsoletus complex (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Italy
    G Savini
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
    Vet Rec 157:133-9
    Between July and September 2002 there were outbreaks of bluetongue on three sheep holdings in the communities of San Gregorio Magno (Salerno, Campania), Laviano (Salerno, Campania) and Carpino (Foggia, Puglia), and the involvement of ..
  36. [Efficacy of Flectron-eartags (cypermethrin) for control of midges (Culicoides) as the vectors of bluetongue virus in cattle: field studies and biossays]
    Gabriele Liebisch
    ZeckLab, Labor für klinische Diagnostik und Prüfung, Burgwedel
    Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 115:220-30
    When in 2006 infection with bluetongue for the first time occurred in Germany the registered and already against flies and tabanids in cattle proofed Flectron ear tags were used against the blood feeding vector midges (Culicoides) also...
  37. Identification of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as a vector of bluetongue virus in central Italy
    C De Liberato
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
    Vet Rec 156:301-4
    In 2001 and 2002, 235 outbreaks of bluetongue were observed in the Lazio and Tuscany regions of central Italy...
  38. Replication of live-attenuated vaccine strains of bluetongue virus in orally infected South African Culicoides species
    G J Venter
    ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
    Med Vet Entomol 21:239-47
    ..Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) were fed on sheep blood containing 16 live-attenuated vaccine strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) comprising serotypes -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -16 and -19...
  39. The epidemiology and diagnosis of bluetongue with particular reference to Corsica
    Emmanuel Breard
    Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments UMR APSSA INRA ENVA 1161 Alfort, 22, rue Pierre Curie, 94703 Maisons Alfort, France
    Res Vet Sci 77:1-8
    b>Bluetongue (BT) and/or BT viruses (BTV) have been identified in the Mediterranean basin and the Balkans each year from 1998 to 2002 and in particular BTV serotype 2 in the French Island of Corsica (2000 and 2001)...
  40. Supply of bluetongue vaccine
    David Bartram
    Vet Rec 162:387-8
  41. Evaluation of antibody-ELISA and real-time RT-PCR for the diagnosis and profiling of bluetongue virus serotype 8 during the epidemic in Belgium in 2006
    Frank Vandenbussche
    Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Department of Virology, Groeselenberg 99, B 1180 Brussels, Belgium
    Vet Microbiol 129:15-27
    In 2006 bluetongue (BT) emerged for the first time in North-Western Europe. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential in controlling BT but data on the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) are often missing...
  42. Will bluetongue come on the wind to the United Kingdom in 2007?
    J Gloster
    Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB
    Vet Rec 160:422-6
    In 2006, over 2000 cases of bluetongue were recorded in northern Europe...
  43. Prediction of bluetongue vector distribution in Europe and north Africa using satellite imagery
    A J Tatem
    TALA Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
    Vet Microbiol 97:13-29
    b>Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious arboviral disease thought to infect all known ruminant species...
  44. Spatial distribution of Culicoides imicola, the main vector of bluetongue virus, in Spain
    C Calvete
    Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
    Vet Rec 158:130-1
  45. Occurrence of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Tunisia, with emphasis on the bluetongue vector Culicoides imicola
    S Hammami
    nstitut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie IRVT, La Rabta 1006, Tunisie
    Parasite 15:179-81
    Following the bluetongue (BT) outbreaks in Tunisia from 1999 to 2002, BTV (bluetongue virus) serotype 2 was isolated; however, no entomological investigation was performed...
  46. Culicoides species and transmission of bluetongue virus in Spain
    C Calvete
    Vet Rec 162:255
  47. Abortions, stillbirths and deformities in sheep at the Al-Ahsa oasis in eastern Saudi Arabia: isolation of a bluetongue serogroup virus from the affected lambs
    F M T Housawi
    Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
    Rev Sci Tech 23:913-20
    ..A virus was isolated in chicken embryos, adapted to Vero cell culture and further identified as bluetongue (BT) virus. The virus isolated was not neutralised by the Akabane virus...
  48. Risk factors associated with herd-level exposure of cattle in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota to bluetongue virus
    Alice L Green
    USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 2150 Centre Ave, Bldg B, Mail Stop 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, USA
    Am J Vet Res 66:853-60
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate herd-level risk factors for seropositive status of cattle to 1 or more bluetongue viruses. ANIMALS: 110 herds of cattle in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota...
  49. First evidence of bluetongue virus in Kazakhstan
    M Lundervold
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
    Vet Microbiol 92:281-7
    We report the results of the first serological survey for bluetongue virus in Kazakhstan. We analysed blood samples collected from 958 livestock and 513 wild saiga antelopes over a large area of the country, and found 23...
  50. Evidence for the presence of bluetongue virus in Kosovo between 2001 and 2004
    A Osmani
    Kosovo Veterinary and Food Agency, Room 63, Rilindja Container Complex, Prishtin, Kosovo
    Vet Rec 158:393-6
    In 2001, clinical cases of bluetongue were observed in Kosovo, and in that year and in 2003 and 2004, serum samples were collected from cattle and small ruminants and tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus...
  51. VP2-segment sequence analysis of some isolates of bluetongue virus recovered in the Mediterranean basin during the 1998-2003 outbreak
    A C Potgieter
    Biochemistry Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
    J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 52:372-9
    The complete nucleotide sequences of the VP2 segments of bluetongue virus (BTV) isolates recovered from Italy, Greece and Israel, from 1998 to 2003, were determined...
  52. Bluetongue vector species of Culicoides in Switzerland
    A Cagienard
    Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Berne, Switzerland
    Med Vet Entomol 20:239-47
    Switzerland is historically recognized by the Office Internationale des Epizooties as free from bluetongue disease (BT) because of its latitude and climate...
  53. Live attenuated bluetongue vaccine viruses in Dorset Poll sheep, before and after passage in vector midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
    E Veronesi
    Institute for Animal Health, Department of Arbovirology, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK
    Vaccine 23:5509-16
    ..Moderate to severe clinical signs of BT, albeit short lived, were observed in sheep following vaccination. However, to date there is no evidence of increasing virulence following two sequential passages through the vectors...
  54. Coordinating the approach to bluetongue
    Joe Brownlie
    Vet Rec 162:287
  55. [A lot of interest in blue tongue vaccination]
    Johan Klein Haneveld
    Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 133:622-3
  56. An inactivated vaccine for the control of bluetongue virus serotype 16 infection in sheep in Italy
    G Savini
    Department of Virology, OIE Reference Laboratory for Bluetonque, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell Abruzzo e Molise G Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
    Vet Microbiol 124:140-6
    ..control the spread of BTV-16 in Europe, an inactivated vaccine was produced from the reference field isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 16...