freemartinism

..Moreover, as it was shown that opposite sex cells can migrate to tissues other than blood and be transcriptionally active in chimeric sheep, we speculate on the role they can play in these animals...

..Furthermore, the present observation demonstrates that the freemartin condition in cattle can be induced even in cases where severe placental transformations had subsequently occurred and no foetus proper could be detected at delivery...

..These findings are in agreement with the existence of an essentially self-sufficient population of developing B cells that gives rise to the peripheral pool of B lymphocytes in young cattle...

..b>Freemartinism arises when vascular connections occur between placentae of developing heterosexual twin foetuses, XX/XY ..

..These findings strongly suggest that as in sheep, the B-cell follicles in cattle IPPs develop oligoclonally...

..Bovine plasma concentrations of AMH are surprisingly higher than those measured in other mammals, including man and mouse. The results obtained are discussed in reference to comparative aspects of endocrine functions...

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..However, the hematopoietic seeding of fetal liver apparently started already before the onset of functional vascular anastomosis...

..The capacity to maintain growth during infection was similarly dependent on the genetic origin of the haemopoietic tissue...

..in the bovine amelogenin locus was modified and compared to conventional cytogenetic analysis for diagnosis of freemartinism (XX/XY chimerism) in cattle...

..Various methods are available for the diagnosis of freemartinism, but none is ideal in terms of speed, sensitivity, or specificity...

..In conclusion, circulating cells do not appear significant in the development and maintenance of nonhematopoietic bovine tissues, but may be important in regeneration and other special conditions...

..No adult freemartin, irrespective from the degree of masculinization, showed any AMH positive cell...

..The staining in the undifferentiated-type freemartins was weak, but both 3beta-HSD and AP were present in unidentified cell types...

..In conclusion, low (5%) O2 concentration during IVC was beneficial for enhancing the embryo quality and recipients of natural estrus were more suitable than synchronized estrus for stable production of Hanwoo calves...

..The variable development of the broad ligament in pathological conditions is consistent with a role for steroid hormones in its development...

..In this review, we discuss the genetics of chimerism and tetragametism and its potential role in thymic selection and the relevance in allotransplantation and autoimmune disorders...

..The absence of anal opening and external features of freemartinism were observed in the female. A small opening to the vulva (about 1...

..Based on these results, we conclude that EA-induced pedicles at least in red deer of the genus Cervus, like those in the genus Odocoileus, are constitutively capable of giving rise to antlers, if they are of sufficient height...

..2. Moreover, we map a candidate gene, the Steel locus coding for the mast cell growth factor, to bovine Chr 5...

..All freemartin females were sterile. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of freemartinism in river buffalo by combining clinical and cytogenetic analyses.

..At some point while Lillie was doing his initial work on the freemartin he may have become aware that Keller and Tandler were also working on the freemartin problem; this information may have shaped his decision on when to publish...

..These results suggest that MIS has several distinct roles in mammalian sexual development...

..Despite this proposition, interactions between genes that prescribe functional testicular tissue, enhanced rates of gonadal development, and left-right asymmetries between the paired gonads now require systematic study...