product labeling

..Effective regulation may need to focus on consumer perceptions resulting from advertisements rather than the explicit content of advertising text...

..Furthermore, the problem of watermarking multiple lines, as well as other implementation issues are being addressed. Experimental results verify the imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed method...

..To assess the impact of graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels on current adult smokers...

..To assess the impact of the introduction of graphic health warning labels on cigarette packets on adolescents at different smoking uptake stages...

..We assessed the impact of graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels...

..The survey revealed that effective chemical hazard symbols must not be too abstract to the client but should contain features that are known or easily comprehended...

..Health warnings on cigarette packages are among the most common means of communicating the health risks of smoking. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of package warnings on consumer knowledge about tobacco risks...

..This paper examines how beliefs of smokers in the UK were affected by the removal of "light" and "mild" brand descriptors, which came into effect on 30 September 2003 for Member States of the European Union (EU)...

..To examine prospectively the impact of health warnings on quitting activity...

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..The purpose of this study was to examine how U.S. smokers and former smokers might respond to stronger and more graphic warnings for U.S. cigarettes packages...

..In March 2006, Australia introduced graphic pictorial warnings on cigarette packets. For the first time, packs include the Quitline number...

..In the year 2006, Australia introduced graphic cigarette packet warnings. Previous warnings were text only. New warnings include one of 14 pictures, many depicting tobacco-related pathology...

..Further, many subjects were unable to clearly distinguish 'skull and crossbones' from 'health hazard.' These results indicate that it is very important to impart correct education regarding these labels...

..The consistently lower value that smokers attributed to cigarette packages with the graphic warning label indicates that these labels are likely to reduce cigarette demand...

..The aim of the present study was to analyse the potential effect of the planned measures on the perceptions by Spanish youth of the risks associated with smoking...

..The potential value of incorporating warning labels into a broader public health education campaign is discussed, and directions for future research are suggested...

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..developed and evaluated instruments may provide misleading conclusions or data that cannot be used to support product labeling claims...

..Pack labelling appears to be useful for conveying information about cigarettes to smokers; however, there is an urgent need to develop more meaningful information on toxic constituents of cigarette smoke...

..Supplement users need additional education about supplement claims and testing for product safety and efficacy to make informed health care choices...

..This study examined the self-perceived impact of these warnings on the attractiveness of cigarettes, smokers' motivation to quit and smoking behaviour...

..The current study examined the effectiveness of health warnings on cigarette packages in four countries...

..This study examines how Canadians in their 20s feel about the current graphic warning labels and their potential to prevent smoking and encourage quitting...

..The first such strain of Bacillus subtilis is engineered and is ready to be distributed...

..A majority of both smokers and nonsmokers endorsed the use of Canadian labels in the United States. Canadian-style warnings should be adopted in the United States as part of the country's overall tobacco control strategy...

..This paper provides guidance on the practical aspects of adopting these new standards for organizations with differing current levels of computerization. It discusses project management, equipment, licensing, and validation topics...

..This paper provides guidance on the practical aspects of adopting these new standards for organizations with differing current levels of computerization. It discusses project management, equipment, licensing, and validation topics...

..To explore how the information provided on labels as mandated by the new Canadian natural health product (NHP) regulations impacts consumers' perceptions of risks associated with using NHPs...

..A companion paper provides guidance on the implementation of the ISBT 128 system...

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..Explore adolescents' response to current and potential tobacco control policy issues...

..It critiques legal objections raised by the industry about plain packaging violating laws and international trade agreements...

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..S. cigarette warning labels so they would be effective for smoking deterrence and cessation...

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..We propose using Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) to index images while using the above perceptual distance functions and demonstrate good performance through empirical studies on a very large database of diverse images...

..Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed watermarking schemes are robust to a wide range of geometric attacks...

..We selected cigarettes from the two most popular Canadian brands, Du Maurier and Players...

..Encoder stability, image quality versus information capacity tradeoffs, and decoding issues with and without explicit knowledge of the base image are discussed...

..In addition, its implementation is very simple and the computation speed is fast. Compared to holographic transform domain method and the conventional spread spectrum watermarking scheme, the proposed technique is shown to be superior...

..Experimental results indicate the ability of the proposed method to deal with the aforementioned attacks...

..We further propose a preprocessing technique of the extracted fingerprints specifically for collusion scenarios to improve the detection performance...

..We present two tailored reversible watermarking schemes for the clinical atlas by exploiting its inherent characteristics. We have implemented the schemes and our experimental results look very promising...

..Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in terms of robustness and fragility...

..Experimental results show that our algorithm can not only pass the detection of current steganalytic systems, but also increase the capacity of the embedded message and enhance the peak signal-to-noise ratio of stego-images...

..The information capacity of various 3-D meshes is analyzed when using the proposed 3-D watermarking algorithms. The robustness of the 3-D watermarking algorithms is tested to noise perturbation and to object cropping...

..The proposed system was applied to magnetic resonance images of the head. Experimental results illustrate the overall functionality of the system...

..Our approach can be integrated into existing copy detectors to further improve their performance. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed approach can substantially enhance the accuracy of copy detection...

..The comparison analysis demonstrate that our scheme has better performance than the watermarking schemes reported recently...

..We also propose a likelihood-based approach to estimate the number of colluders. Finally, we demonstrate the performance for detecting colluders through experiments using real images...

..Explicit expressions are derived for the Fisher information for the generalized Gaussian noise model considered by Nikolaidis and Pitas...

..With the proposal method, any random changes on the stego image will be detected in high probability...

..There is also a significant improvement in the quality of the watermarked image, especially at moderate embedding capacities...

..The positive impact of this ban in these countries suggests that it should be considered a priority in the European policies against tobacco in order to reduce the gap between literature recommendations and actions...

..Optimized multisignature/multimessage embedding in the same host data is studied as well...

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..During the extraction step, the reference bits are used as anchor points to estimate and compensate for small local and global geometrical distortions. The deformations are approximated using a modified basic optical flow algorithm...

..The simulation shows that the visual quality of the obtained halftone shares are observably better than that attained by any available visual cryptography method known to date...

..As a result, the data-embedding system achieves 1/167 (1 bit out of 167 raw image bits) to 1/84 hiding ratios with a BER of around 0.1% in the presence of JPEG compression attacks, while maintaining visual distortion at a minimum...

..no original unwatermarked MPEG-2 video is needed for watermark extraction. The presented technique is applicable not only to MPEG-2 video, but also to other DCT-based coding videos. Selected experimental results validate our techniques...

..Effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by implementing the framework using hierarchical image authentication along with lossless generalized-least significant bit data embedding...

..These results indicate that the spatial, quad-based algorithm allows for hiding the largest payload at the highest signal-to-noise ratio...

..Fidelity is improved by the incorporation of perceptual shaping into the embedding process. We show that each of these three components improves performance substantially...

..Through analytic comparisons, we develop a novel hybrid watermarking algorithm that exploits the best of both approaches for greater resilience to JPEG compression...

..Finally, various attacks on the watermarked image are introduced to study the robustness of the derived detectors. The joint hashing/watermarking scheme outperforms the traditional "hashless" watermarking technique...

..Also, the watermark is spread throughout large spatial regions. This yields more robustness against time domain geometric attacks. Examples of various attacks will be given to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique...

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..Yet, with a few exceptions, gender was largely unrecognized in control policy. Suggestions for overcoming this weakness in order to enhance tobacco control are made in Part II...

..Analysis is provided to characterize the behavior of the scheme under ideal conditions. Simulations and comparisons of the proposed approach with state-of-the-art existing work demonstrate the potential of the overall scheme...

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..Yet, with a few exceptions, gender was largely unrecognized in control policy. Suggestions for overcoming this weakness in order to enhance tobacco control are made...

..Experiments showed that our algorithm can improve the capacity of the watermark and the robustness of watermarking against attacks...

..The performance of the correlator and the nonlinear detectors in the presence of quantization is also analyzed, using results from dither theory, and also verified experimentally...

..While the Canadian government could have used the decision to justify withdrawing from further confrontations with powerful commercial interests, it chose instead to enact new tobacco control legislation in 1997...

..The implementation of pictorial health warnings combined with the imprint of the phone number of the Quitline of the Federal Center for Heath Education is highly recommended in Germany...

..The policies that have been developed since 1997 have advanced tobacco control substantially, often beyond the provisions of the global settlement...

..This paper examines whether the command and control-oriented United States cigarette warning label law is symbolic thus helping to maintain corporate profitability...

..This will not produce a safe cigarette but should result in a reduction in harm if seriously implemented...

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..Because the evidence for most DDIs is based on case reports or poorly documented clinical information, there is a need for better assessment of their clinical relevance...

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..In the product labeling of cefdinir, this adverse event is described as a consequence of the drug-drug interaction; however, it is ..

..Some trials suggest that this approach may be effective; however, the ideal dose and administration regimen have yet to be defined...

..problems inherent in herbal preparation use include inconsistencies not only in terms of indications for use, but in the nomenclature of constituent chemical compounds, standardization, dosage and product labeling. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

..Azelastine hydrochloride (Astelin) nasal spray 0.1% solution is a second-generation intranasal antihistamine available in the US for treatment of both seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis (VMR)...

..c. dose appearing in the urine as the inactive indole acetic acid. Product labeling states that co-administration of an inhibitor of MAO-A (a MAOI-A) causes a 2-fold increase in sumatriptan ..

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..g., root, liquid extract) and doses recommended in product labeling. Intakes may vary from < 1 to 75 mg/day for alkaloids and from about 9 to 420 mg/day for saponins.

..This was a retrospective review of FDA medical officers' reviews of clinical trial protocols and product labeling for 185 new molecular entities (NME's) approved by CDER between January 1,1995, and December 31, 1999...

..001) likely to be found on turkey products (55.7%) in the fresh meat case compared with any other species. On the national level, 6.1% of all packages reported in the fresh meat case in 2004 were value-added...

..b>Product labeling recommends potassium monitoring in the first month of use for women concurrently receiving medication that ..

..The hypotension was not dose related, but related to the rate of infusion. Therefore, product labeling calls Cordarone and its generic formulations to be administered over 10 minutes...

..In summary, this interdisciplinary project will inform methodologists about the proposed data analytic strategy and inform clinicians about effectiveness of treatments for PD, BDD, and bipolar depression. ..

..This should lead to more effective therapy for the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance and ultimately to reduced risk for CHD in this burgeoning patient population. ..

..The broad effects of this training grant are felt by the faculty, the trainees, the affiliate fellows, and,indeed, by the departments and schools that house all of us. We seek continuous funding for our next five years. ..

..are considered Phase 2 FDA studies as they will gather more information about effectiveness and safety that is necessary to evaluate the overall risk-benefit ratio of the product and to provide an acceptable basis for product labeling.

..If ibuprofen is found to have a beneficial effect on continuation rates, it can become a standard feature of product labeling; because ibuprofen is inexpensive, safe, and readily available in over-the-counter form, it could ultimately ..

..Disseminate results of the TMH CTN through presentation and publication of clinical trial results and other TMH CTN activities. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA CRITIQUES ..

..The findings will also assist in developing a framework for future studies to evaluate the effects and costs of medication-laboratory monitoring among patients with diabetes. ..

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..The set of studies may help to tease apart the various aspects of the price-product relationship and so better inform public policy debates. ..

..Taken together, these studies comprise a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impacts of this harm-reduction policy, which will inform policymakers in other jurisdictions considering similar regulations. ..

..The set of studies may help to tease apart the various aspects of the price-product relationship and so better inform public policy debates. ..

..Taken together, these studies comprise a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impacts of this harm-reduction policy, which will inform policymakers in other jurisdictions considering similar regulations. ..

..We will develop a skin-specific micronucleus assay by utilizing in vitro human reconstructed skin model to overcome low levels of specificity of current test methods and avoid animal welfare issues. ..

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..This study should provide important mechanistic information on the role of age, gender, and ethnicity as sources of variability in CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism and response. ..

..The findings will be of importance in understanding lipid disorders related to PIs as well as the kinetics of drugs used to treat HIV and related disorders. ..

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..The research will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and neurodevelopmental outcomes related to fluconazole use. ..

..The hub of these terminologies is the Structured Product Labeling (SPL) standard for drug knowledge representation...

..The research will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and neurodevelopmental outcomes related to fluconazole use. ..

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..Participants for this study will be recruited from sites in Seattle, Chicago, and Chapel Hill, NC. ..

..3. To compare verifiable quality of life reported by adolescents with craniofacial conditions with those of their mother (or primary caretaker). ..

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..This multidisciplinary proposal provides a clinical and scientific basis to assess the effects of currently available as well as experimental HAART medications on human CYP3A and P-gp. ..

..The advantage would be a treatment for AF that did not cause cardiac augmentation and vasoconstriction or a treatment for CHF that does not cause heart rate slowing or conduction disturbances. ..

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..The proposed studies will provide a broad picture of effects of chronic benzodiazepines at the molecular level, together with evaluation of interventions that have direct relevance to prevention of benzodiazepine withdrawal...

..Data collections will occur over 27 months on five occasions with face-to-face interviews. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics, correlations, 2X5 MANOVA and hierarchical regressions. ..

..S., and one in the United Kingdom. Adolescents and their parents will complete questionnaires at baseline, and gain at 1-2 year clinical follow-up. ..

..The research will provide guidance as to the efficacy, safety, and neurodevelopmental outcomes related to fluconazole use. ..

..Age-dependent differences in response to chronic benzodiazepine administration and withdrawal, and the possible role of EAA coregulation, studied using matched cohorts of young and old animals. ..

..6) To train physicians and pharmacologists in clinical and developmental pharmacology: the centerpiece will be a 3-year pediatric pharmacology fellowship. Drs. Brouwer and Lindley (UNC) will lead this program. ..

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..Investigators: Multicultural team of experienced outcomes experts, obesity experts, endocrinologists, and community agents will collaborate to recruit, study, publish, and disseminate results. ..

..Its use could preclude the need for both endpoint and completer analyses. The performance of the proposed methodology will be evaluated and compared to standard procedures in a Simulation Study (Aim 4). ..

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..Investigators: Multicultural team of experienced outcomes experts, obesity experts, endocrinologists, and community agents will collaborate to recruit, study, publish, and disseminate results. ..