child day care centers

..The epidemiology of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in a daycare cohort has not been explored using molecular techniques...

..The rate of carriage of non-vaccine-type pneumococci (excluding serotype 6A) was higher in the pneumococcal-vaccine group than in the control group...

..These studies also demonstrate that the organized child care setting provides multiple targets for intervention beyond structured activity programs; however, additional studies are needed to explore such opportunities...

..Daycare exposes young children to more infections early in life and may thereby prevent the development of asthma and allergy...

..The NAP SACC program shows promise as a useful approach to promoting healthy weight behaviors in child care settings...

..Few environmental interventions exist, and none target both diet and physical activity. The Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAP SACC) intervention was developed to fill this research and practice gap...

..States have the opportunity to improve regulations regarding menus to ensure that child-care providers develop accurate, specific, and healthful menus...

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..Rates of antibiotic resistance remained unchanged due to a balance between reduction in VT and an increase in antimicrobial-resistant NVT...

..Vaccinating DCC attendees with a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine may play a key role in controlling the spread of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci, because the most resistant serotypes are included in the vaccine...

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..Here we report the first longitudinal study of pneumococcal carriage that records serotype specific exposure to pneumococci simultaneously within the two most important mixing groups, families and day care facilities...

..These results offer indirect yet strong support for the infectious disease hypothesis in the etiology of ALL in non-Hispanic White children and highlight an important ethnic difference...

..CONCLUSION: The marked effect of PnCRM9 administration to DCC attendees on carriage of VT and antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae among their younger household close contacts demonstrates a herd effect of the vaccine...

To evaluate the effect of successful prevention of common infections in child day care centers on the later development of allergic diseases.

..The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the childcare environment and physical activity behavior of preschool children...

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..This variation is not fully explained by risk factors at the individual level but may be explained by factors producing effects at both the individual and community levels, such as child-care center (CCC) attendance...

..CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that reduced exposure to infection in the first few months of life increases the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia...

..The project focused on the range of foods available in day-care centers. The actual food consumption was not assessed...

..1, 14.3) (P = 0.21). In conclusion, younger children and those with siblings may be less susceptible to illness associated with daycare, and daycare attendance may negate a protective effect of higher income on respiratory illness...

..We found no evidence of specific protection for type 6B, group 15, or type 19F. Our findings imply that at least some serotypes generate anti-capsular antibodies that can reduce the risk of carriage in unimmunized toddlers...

..No sign of protection from day-care attendance for allergic diseases was found up to 6 years of age. Multiple airway infections and day-care attendance were found to be independently associated with asthma and allergic symptoms...

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..The purpose of this study was to measure endotoxin and indoor allergens in kindergartens and daycare centres in the Wellington region...

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..3 (0.1-0.8)). All the above associations were observed both for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our results support Greaves' hypothesis, even though they are not specific of common leukaemia...

..Further work is needed to determine the exposure that is responsible for the protective effect of daycare attendance on atopy...

..The quality of the studies varies, and they are not directly comparable. The relation between daycare attendance and asthma and atopy is unclear, and further studies designed to answer this specific research question are needed...

..To determine the characteristics of long day care centre operations, food service management practices, and nutrition resources use and needs...

..026). No effect of sibship size or birth interval was seen. With one exception (ear infections), these data do not support the hypothesis that a decrease in the occurrence of common childhood infection increases risk of ALL...

..Results indicate that intervention is highly effective in day-care groups with more than ten children during the second half of the year...

..To examine the relationship between day care attendance and illnesses of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the first year of life...

..To describe trends in the occurrence of the common cold during the first 13 years of life among children who attended different childcare settings early in life...

..To assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in a large sample of healthy children...

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..These findings do not support the hypothesis that infrequent contact with peers during early childhood could delay exposure to infectious diseases and increase the risk of ALL...

..Establishing comprehensive guidelines for physical activity at child care could result in higher activity levels and healthier children, but more research is needed...

..78 (95% CI 1.34-5.78) and 2.73 (1.38-5.43), respectively). CONCLUSION: Attending a daycare centre is the most important risk factor for RTIs in children aged 2-5 years...

..This paper describes an incentive initiative that aimed to improve the nutrition provided to children attending childcare centres in the southern metropolitan area of South Australia between 2001 and 2003...

..To describe previous illness for children attending two types of formal childcare (130 family daycare homes and 11 child daycare centres)...

..To determine the feasibility, acceptability, and reported impact of a nutrition and physical activity environmental intervention in child care...

The concentrations of a suite of persistent organic chemicals were measured in multiple media in 10 child day care centers located in central North Carolina...

..To examine family child care home (FCCH) providers' perceptions of appropriate physical activity (PA), current practices, and perceived barriers to inclusion of PA within their programs...

..It has been hypothesized that day care--related infections may explain the inverse relation between day care attendance in early life and asthma in childhood...

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..Moreover, although PMEN clones were predominant in all DCCs, in the present study the majority of them were gradually decreasing in time whereas several PT-DCC and new clones seemed to be increasing...

..Our objective was to use a causal model for childhood asthma to determine whether the effect of day care attendance on asthma was mediated by recurrent respiratory tract infections...

..Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity...

..Therefore, it was concluded that strain MA 140/96T should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which the name Williamsia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is MA 140/96T (= DSM 44343T)...

..Two specific features of this outbreak were notable: (1) the mild self-limiting nature of the illness and (2) the prolonged shedding of the bacterium by one child...

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..001). Strategies to limit the spread of highly resistant pneumococcal strains should include encouraging judicious use of antimicrobic agents and reevaluating indications for prophylactic use of antimicrobic agents...

..This study addresses the risk of Pnc carriage by infants 2 to 24 months of age in terms of simultaneous carriage of pneumococcus by family members...

..To investigate the association between contacts with other children and the development of respiratory infections in the first year of life in children with or without genetic predisposition for allergy...

..These findings bring focus to the need to educate child-care staff and directors about the impact of mealtime environments on child health and development...

..Our data suggest that DCC attendees could be contributing to MRSA cross-transmission between health care and community settings...

..6 million preschool-aged children participated in child care in 2001. Each US state creates and enforces its own child care licensing regulations. We analyzed obesity-related child care licensing regulations of US states...

..pneumoniae...

..There was no increase in incidence in children with a foreign background (IRR 1.19, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.28). Advice about prevention will be distributed to parents to encourage safer environments in homes...

..There were substantial differences in non-susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance between pneumococci from Asian and European Russia, with orphanages appearing to be 'hot-spots' of resistance...

..The numbers of children carrying vaccine serotypes decreased in both the vaccinated and the non-vaccinated groups. Thus, no significant effect of vaccine on carriage was detected in this relatively small study...

..The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was notified of an outbreak of conjunctivitis in city A with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae...

..Further prospective studies are needed to determine upper respiratory tract infection in infants at day care centers and to evaluate carriage, epidemiology, and the drug-resistance rates of these pathogens...

..vermicularis is more frequent in children between three and four years old. The high enteroparasite prevalence in day cares suggests complex structure in its epidemiology, where factors beyond sanitation should be considered...

..85% during both study periods...

..Thirty percent of acute pharyngotonsillitis is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which increased the risk of glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Children attending daycare centers have a higher incidence of these infections...

..To investigate longitudinally whether children attending day care centres have an increased risk of acquiring common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media or diarrhea...

..Computational modeling makes it possible to conduct virtual experiments that are impractical to perform in real life and thereby allows a more full understanding of pneumococcal epidemiology and control efforts...

..Our study indicates that carriage of S. pneumoniae is highly prevalent among children in Norwegian DCCs, with a genetically diverse pneumococcal population consisting of unique microepidemic DCC populations...

..In Greece, the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) became available in October 2004 and it was incorporated into the national immunization schedule in January 2006...

..We compared nose blowing with paired nasal swabs. The sensitivity of nose blowing was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38 to 56%), which increased to 94% (95% CI, 85 to 98%) for children with visible secretions...

..However, the recent observation of increased rates of antibacterial-resistant non-vaccine serotype S. pneumoniae may erode the success of PCV7...

..These results indicate the spread of H. influenzae, particularly those with a PBP mutation(s), and the highly vigorous genetic turnover and substantial horizontal transmission of this pathogen in healthy children attending DCCs in Japan...

..The results highlight the role of NoV as a main viral agent responsible for gastroenteritis cases in children and adults both in outbreaks as well as in sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis...

..We aimed to determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates and antibiotic resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Guatemalan children, and to determine risk factors for colonization and antibiotic nonsusceptibility...

..DCCs are units where permanent introduction of new clones occurs, and attendees, as a whole, provide a pool of hosts where the fittest clones find privileged opportunities to persist and expand...

..Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli + Iodamoeba bütschlii, Taenia spp. and Enterobius vermicularis were detected at rates of 11.0%, 1.3%, 1.3% and 1.3%, respectively...

..To estimate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) and describe the antibiotic resistance patterns and serotypes in young children attending group day care in London...

..The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a major factor in the transmission of this bacterium...

..We present evidence from an investigation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in a daycare in Waterloo, Ontario to support implementation of a mandatory screening policy for all children during an outbreak...

..001). Resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and co-trimoxazole in Fortaleza were higher than previously reported in Brazil and associated with paediatric serogroups 6, 14, 19 and 23...

..Day-care attendance appears to be a relevant risk factor in some German states and should be considered for inclusion in the recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination of children at risk...

..24, 95% CI 1.64-3.05). Young children, who attended DCC and received 1 antibiotic course (9% of the population) had a risk 12.9 times higher than children without these features...

..0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-9.9). Despite varicella vaccination coverage of 80%, a sizeable outbreak occurred. Early age at vaccination may increase the risk of vaccine failure...

..004; odds ratio, 2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.2). This study demonstrated the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae in healthy young children in the community in Hong Kong...

..At present, programmes targeted at risk groups for close contacts with infants are the most convenient for adult population, as more epidemiological and economic evidence is needed before a universal strategy can be discussed...

..Cross-informant agreement on high behavior problem children was related to characteristics of the informants and home context. Implications for identifying children at risk are discussed...

..Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections are a major cause of infantile death in developing countries...

..We were interested in studying cranberry juice in children since many children with recurrent UTI need long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis and would benefit from an alternative...

..However, although statistically significant, the difference was slight and had limited clinical relevance. Therefore, seasonal influence on the nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in healthy children was negligible...

..We propose the inclusion of these novel international clones in the PMEN...

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..Serotype prevalence fluctuated markedly between y. In conclusion, there was significant variation in serotype prevalence between y, and only 51% of the pneumococci belonged to serotypes covered by the current 7-valent conjugated vaccine...

..By understanding the social and cultural factors, it should be possible to design more effective interventions, thereby potentially decreasing the rate of SIDS in AA infants. ..

..Moreover, by integrating clinicians from the medical home, we promote another cardinal attribute of quality, continuity of care. ..

..This application will contribute greatly to our understanding of asthma in general, and among Puerto Ricans in particular. ..

..In addition, it will create a bank of phenotypic and genotypic information that will facilitate further hypothesis testing in a unique patient cohort. ..

..Direct and indirect costs will be assessed. Study B will assess integration in primary care, for example by measuring impact on continuity of care, adherence to well-child visit schedules and immunization rates. ..

..This application will contribute greatly to our understanding of asthma in general, and among Puerto Ricans in particular. ..

..Moreover, by integrating clinicians from the medical home, we promote another cardinal attribute of quality, continuity of care. ..

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..This application will greatly contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD in general, and among Hispanics in particular. ..

..Teledentistry has the potential to be a significant new resource for enhancing early diagnosis and referral for treatment of children who otherwise might not receive care in a timely manner. ..

..In addition, the award will provide a promising junior investigator a unique opportunity for career development in cancer research. ..

..This development will be particularly important for observational and experimental studies wishing to investigate the contributions of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the development and maintenance of childhood obesity. ..

..This project will study the efficacy of virtual reality as a means to train children in safe pedestrian behavior. Results will have significant implications for child pedestrian injury prevention. ..

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..Cost analyses and detailed analysis of the dose and sample characteristics linked to efficacy, will allow us to plan for translation of the model into clinical care, and community sustainability. ..

..These data, in concert with data from earlier Phases, will be used to test four models of developmental processes. ..

..This project will study the efficacy of virtual reality as a means to train children in safe pedestrian behavior. Results will have significant implications for child pedestrian injury prevention. ..

..This project will study the efficacy of virtual reality as a means to train children in safe pedestrian behavior. Results will have significant implications for child pedestrian injury prevention. ..

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..Cost analyses and detailed analysis of the dose and sample characteristics linked to efficacy, will allow us to plan for translation of the model into clinical care, and community sustainability. ..

..This project will study the efficacy of virtual reality as a means to train children in safe pedestrian behavior. Results will have significant implications for child pedestrian injury prevention. ..

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..The proposed research offers several important advancements to scientific understanding of parenting influences on child eating and weight. ..

..Furthermore, we have identified an outstanding pool of prospective scholars for this renewal application. ..

..As a secondary exploratory aim, the cost- effectiveness of the two treatments, in terms of costs per treatment per smoker quit, will be compared. ..

..Children in AsthmaNet families will be more likely to report using written care plans. Aim 4: to decrease the number of symptom days for children with asthma H4. Children in AsthmaNet families will experience fewer symptom days. ..

..On-site observations of sun protection policies, environmental features, and employee clothing will validate principal reports. ..

..A trophoblast apoptosis assay will also be used to assess the effect of maternal serum from 32 weeks gestation on trophoblast apoptosis. ..

..As studies involving recruitment and successful retention of a cohort from birth are extremely rare, the Iowa Fluoride Study offers a unique opportunity to study these relationships in unprecedented detail. ..

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..3) To improve parental perceptions of the quality of care provided.H3: Compared to controls, PIPP parents will report higher scores on selected Consumer Assessment of Health Plans (CAHPS) items. ..

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..The goal will be to determine if this makes a positive difference in their behavior. ..

..More effective targeted strategies initiated within this narrow window of time may reduce the number of low birth weight infants and improve obstetrical outcomes. ..

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..We will also be able to evaluate if the bacterial population in the vagina, periurethra and stool is different after regularly drinking cranberry juice compared to placebo. ..

..We will also be able to evaluate if the bacterial population in the vagina, periurethra and stool is different after regularly drinking cranberry juice compared to placebo. ..

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..Children in AsthmaNet families will be more likely to report using written care plans. Aim 4: to decrease the number of symptom days for children with asthma H4. Children in AsthmaNet families will experience fewer symptom days. ..

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..g., special education); (4) collection and processing of administrative data (e.g., on welfare receipt); (5) development and estimation of statistical models used to predict future social costs. ..