cost sharing

Prescription drugs are instrumental to managing and preventing chronic disease. Recent changes in US prescription drug cost sharing could affect access to them.

Increasing patient cost sharing is a commonly employed mechanism to contain health care expenditures.

This study sought to determine the effect of cost sharing on medical care use for acute symptoms and on health status among chronically ill adults.

Assess patient knowledge of and response to drug cost sharing.

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..However, these differences are unlikely to have meaningful clinical or economic consequences...

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..Each province has, however, provided coverage to senior citizens and social assistance recipients; some provinces have introduced drug coverage for the general public...

..To assess Medicare beneficiaries' willingness to cost share in order to minimize disruptions in coverage from HMO plan withdrawals...

..Although reference pricing may reduce the costs of prescription drugs, there is concern that patients may switch to less effective medications or stop treatment...

The effects of cost sharing on the demand for ambulatory care in experimental circumstances are well understood since the Rand Health Insurance Experiment (HIE)...

..To document the rise in copayments for patients in disease management programs and to call attention to the inherent conflicts that exist between these 2 approaches to benefit design...

..Policies that increase patients' share of health care expenses decrease the use of discretionary health services but also may reduce the use of important preventive care such as mammography...

..hospitalization, in Germany they share the cost of hospitalization, and in Spain there is no system of patient cost sharing. The data were obtained from national health surveys carried out in each of these countries during the last ..

..Removal of prescription drug samples had no effect except increasing patients' out-of-pocket drug costs...

..We explored whether this intervention could be offered in a way that allows return on investment for private health insurers while remaining attractive for consumers, employers, and Medicare...

..This paper makes the case for VBID and outlines current VBID initiatives in the private sector as well as barriers to further adoption...

To assess the effects of ending cost sharing on use of outpatient services and how this was perceived by health workers and members of a health unit management committee.

..The implications of the findings for remedying the tension between the needs for cost recovery and for attainment of equity goals through exemption policies for the poor and indigent are discussed...

As the financial burden of cost sharing continues to rise, patients increasingly avoid necessary care, thereby contributing to the high morbidity and mortality of the U.S. population compared with that of other developed countries...

..the probability of physician visits in three Western European countries, one of which has a system of patient cost sharing was evaluated. Cross-sectional surveys were performed in France, Germany and Spain around 1990 and around 2000...

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To determine whether patients respond to increased cost sharing by substituting less expensive alternatives for medications with higher levels of copayments or coinsurance, and to examine the body of evidence on the relationships between ..

This article provides a review of research that has addressed the impact of patient cost sharing on the use of services and resulting health status impacts, among the population age 65 and older...

This study focused mainly on the effects of patient cost sharing on the demand for physician service, especially in the low-income people...

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..on monitoring clinical conditions, drug use, and compliance, whereas other efforts have focused on consumer cost sharing and changing product-mix...

..A cost-sharing drug insurance plan has been implemented among people receiving social assistance who had previously free access to medications...

To examine whether there are differential impacts of patient cost sharing and health plan organizational characteristics on the use of a recommended cancer screening service (mammography) versus a controversial cancer screening service (..

..Making consumers active participants in the next generation of health plans is a necessity. Making it happen, however, will be a challenge...

..drugs, health insurance systems abroad have experimented in recent years with a novel form of patient cost sharing called "reference pricing...

..Problems are more severe for public-sector spending, for the uninsured, and for those responding to distorted incentives...

..Possible outcomes of widespread adoption of defined contribution plans are presented...

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..Annual dollar limits, or "caps," on drug benefits are common in Medicare managed care (Medicare + Choice) and have been part of several proposals for a national Medicare drug benefit...

..Policies to limit crowd-out should focus on incentives to make continued private insurance purchase attractive to workers rather than incentives to employers...

..In this brief, we discuss the Medicare-approved discount cards--who is eligible, how they work, how your clients can best make important decisions about them, and what help is out there for people with low incomes...

Many health plans have instituted more cost sharing to discourage use of more expensive pharmaceuticals and to reduce drug spending.

..This article reviews the factors leading to the need for consumer-driven health care and describes the characteristics and benefits of its current and next generations of development...

..We review both eras of research on mental health insurance and conclude that comprehensive parity implemented in the context of managed care would have little impact on total spending...

..This study examines the impact that corporate benefit policies can have on mental health treatment costs...

..Many employers and health plans have adopted incentive-based formularies in an attempt to control prescription-drug costs...

..Medicare Part D prescription drug benefits are reviewed. Potential implications for patients with psychotic disorders in relation to Medicare Part D are discussed...

..The author also discusses pharmacy benefit managers, as well as various utilization management strategies like benefit plan design and the use of formularies...

..Health plans are today faced with the challenge of rethinking their offerings--or even their basic program approach--to address this burgeoning trend...

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..It is unknown how these initiatives affect drug costs...

..Pharmacy costs continue to rise, as does the number of senior citizens. One of the ways of containing costs may be the pharmacy discount drug card program, for both seniors and the general population...

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..Although the results suggest that employers do respond to employee preferences in choosing health benefits, the effects of worker characteristics on plan offerings are quantitatively small...

..To determine whether a multi-interventional program can limit increases in prescription drug expenditures while maintaining utilization of needed medications...

..This article explores the prevalence, plan design, financial implications, administrative and other considerations in implementing a spousal surcharge program...

..Now is the time for employees and employers to work together and make difficult choices for keeping retiree medical costs and GASB 45 liabilities manageable...

..cost-sharing requirements combined with other management strategies were associated with greater member cost sharing, a shift to less costly medications (generic and mail order), and lower total prescription drug spending...

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..Also, users of alcohol treatment services do not remain disproportionately enrolled longer in plans with generous benefits...

..and equitably deliver pharmacy benefits and to discuss the impact of such programs, including consumer cost sharing. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted using the PreMedline and MEDLINE databases from the years ..

..In consequence of these effects it was the diminution of the accessibility to the drugs by the patients on account of a growth of patient participation in the pharmacotherapy costs...

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Health plans are using 3-tier copayment designs and other methods to control utilization that shifts drug costs to plan members. There is a need to determine the effects of increased member cost sharing on drug utilization and drug costs.

..Some care is funded privately through PMI, some user charges, cost sharing and direct payments for health care delivered by NHS and private providers...

..Like most developed countries, in the last decade Israel's healthcare system has been subject to cost-containing measures in the drug sector...

..Interrupted time-series analysis and other more rigorous designs should become standard designs for policy evaluation in the same way that standard treatment guidelines are intended to guide medical practice...

..3%) receive drug treatment. Financial barriers to care constitute a potentially important contributor to this under-use of mental health treatments...

..Pharmacists will continue to be an essential and integral part of the continued success of the Medicare prescription drug benefit in 2007, in part by being informed about the policies and regulations...

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..Insurance benefits can have a large effect on whether one is able to access health care services. Mental health and substance abuse (MHSA) insurance coverage has typically been less generous than that of general health services...

..We previously investigated the promotional claims made by pharmaceutical companies about the economic advantages of their prescription products in print advertisements in 6 leading medical journals from 1990-1999...

..001). CONCLUSION: Elderly Medicare beneficiaries with CHD who lack drug coverage have disproportionately large drug expenditures and lower use rates of statins, a class of relatively expensive drugs that improve survival...

..To review recent studies comprehensively assessing the impact of incentive-based multitier formularies on pharmaceutical costs and utilization...

..new scheme is financed mainly by payroll tax and provides comprehensive health care benefits with a moderate cost sharing. In order to gain efficiency in delivering health services, the scheme enters contracts with health care ..

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..Additional analyses will examine possible changes in prescribing patterns for persons initiating ACEI or CCB treatment. ..

..Hopkins University Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering;and industrial partners (with cost sharing): Irvine Biomedical (clinical grade catheters), Hansen Medical (catheter manipulation system), and Imricor (..

..University Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering; and industrial partners (with cost sharing): Irvine Biomedical (clinical grade catheters), Hansen Medical (catheter manipulation system), and Imricor (..

Differential drug cost sharing (DCS), a measure that increases patients' co-payments for more expensive drugs, is increasingly used by U.S. health plans to contain drug costs...

..These findings should be very helpful to policy-makers as they consider ongoing reforms of this major entitlement program. ..

..These findings should be very helpful to policy-makers as they consider ongoing reforms of this major entitlement program. ..

..The study has tremendous potential to improve our understanding of type 2 diabetes risk in Southeast Asians, leading to improved prevention efforts. ..

..The study has tremendous potential to improve our understanding of type 2 diabetes risk in Southeast Asians, leading to improved prevention efforts. ..

..MMC enrollees accept network and utilization restrictions in exchange for additional benefits and reduced cost sharing compared to fee-for-service Medicare (FFS)...

..K., U.S.). Cost effectiveness is assured by cost sharing by London centers and inclusion here of data analysis/reporting aims from 5 on-going NHLBI supported projects...

..The proposed research is one component of an ongoing comprehensive program to understand and increase consumer demand for effective depression treatment. ..

..impact of three sedative hypnotic access restriction policies (preferred drug lists, prior authorization and cost sharing). Each state's analysis cohort is all people with an MI diagnosis...

..impact of three sedative hypnotic access restriction policies (preferred drug lists, prior authorization and cost sharing). Each state's analysis cohort is all people with an MI diagnosis...

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..This study will be the first to examine the clinical and economic effects of new Medicare Part D plans, using comprehensive automated data from before and after the introduction of Part D, for a well- defined population. ..

..This study will be the first to address these issues within a broad sample of Medicare beneficiaries. ..

..g., to formulary, cost-sharing, and MTM programs) be made to improve the quality and outcomes of pharmacotherapies in susceptible and traditionally under-served elderly with depression. ..

..Cost effectiveness for the HAPO study is enhanced through cost sharing by colleagues in non-U.S. centers.

..We will also use other national and international forums to inform ongoing debates over drug coverage for vulnerable elderly patients with depression. ..

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