track and field

..More research on tracks with lower stiffness is required...

..Lateral ankle sprains can lead to persistent disability in athletes. The authors studied the effect of a lateral ankle sprain on reinjury occurrence in the same region...

..High use of medication and nutritional supplements has been reported in several sports...

..Achilles tendinopathy is commonly reported by athletes involved in activities that include running and jumping. Despite the prevalence of the problem, causative factors in Achilles tendinopathy remain poorly understood...

..Since 2001, the international governing body for athletics has implemented a blood-testing program to detect altered hematological profiles in the world's top-level athletes...

..Knowing the frequency and causes of dropouts in combined events seems relevant and helpful to develop strategies of injury prevention and to better define/understand the necessary qualities for decathletes...

..Hamstring muscle strains often recur. The authors studied the effect of the grade of initial injury on the subsequent risk of reinjury...

..in the cross-sectional areas of the psoas major, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and adductors in high school track and field athletes and nonathletes...

The pole vault is a track and field event that has witnessed a large increase in participants during the past 5 years. Currently there are no prospective studies that have evaluated injury patterns in pole vaulters.

Little is known of injury patterns in track and field (athletics). Injury prevalence has been proposed as the most appropriate measure of the injury rate in sports where athletes are at risk for overuse problems.

..One hundred and thirty-nine women 40-88 years old, all competitors in a USA National Masters Track and Field Championships, volunteered for the study. Masters refers to competitors > or =40 years old...

..Posterior thigh muscle injuries in athletes are common, and prediction of recovery time would be of value...

This investigation examined the accuracy of the BOD POD on a group of Division I collegiate track and field female athletes (N = 30). Hydrostatic weighing (HW) was used as the gold standard method...

The nutritional supplementation practices of 32 national track and field athletes competing at the 2004 World Junior Championships were studied using an anonymous questionnaire...

..To study different aspects of health in master athletes...

..We report a case of a track and field athlete who tested well above this limit during a competition...

..05), and for the entire 40 m with a time of 5.6 +/- 0.4 versus 5.7 +/- 0.4 seconds (P < or = .05). The results of this study suggest that performing a SS protocol following a DW will inhibit sprint performance in collegiate athletes...

Masters athletic records in track and field events, published in September 1999, were analyzed to evaluate the percentage decline in maximum physiological performance with increasing age...

..To assess the effects of abruptly intensified physical training on cardiovascular control...

..There appears to be no strong scientific evidence to support any adverse effects but it should be noted that there have been no studies to date that address the issue of long-term Cr usage...

..The enhanced performance in jumping as a result of power training can be explained, in part, by some modification in the joint control strategy and/or increased RFD capabilities of the KE...

....

Rates of decline are estimated using record bests by age for chess and for various track and field, road running, and swimming events...

..It is concluded that such considerations have a substantial influence on optimum technique and must be included in studies using optimised simulations...

..s-1 in the release speed was from 2.25 to 3.68 m. The study emphasises the importance of investigating javelin throwing biomechanics on an individual thrower basis...

..It appears that indices of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance differentially influence the fundamental and slow components of the oxygen uptake kinetics...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the activation level of certain protagonist muscles of the upper and lower body during the shot-put with the shot-put performance in skilled athletes...

..e., IPF) is strongly associated with dynamic PF. In addition, maximum strength is strongly associated with PP even at relatively light loads such as those associated with sport-specific dynamic explosiveness (i.e., SN, SP, WGT)...

..The heavier load generally resulted in a greater disruption to normal acceleration kinematics compared with the lighter load. The lighter load is likely best for use in a training program...

..Graphical trends showed that the moderation of age-related decline appeared greater for the longitudinal 10 km performances than for the 1500m event...

..Large improvements in oxygen uptake have been shown using interval running. A similar physiological load arising from interval running could be obtained using the soccer ball in training...

..The unique observation about the knee positions at specific events should assist in new training and coaching developments...

..05). We conclude that ingestion of 3 mg . kg(-1) body mass of caffeine can improve absolute 8 km run performance in an ecologically valid race setting...

..Normalization for body size by allometrically scaling may further improve correlations with CMJ performance...

..000 m (V(3000)) and 10 000 m performance (V10km) were compared. Additionally the ability of V(lm) and V(HRd) on identifying sustainable velocities was investigated...

....

..This study highlights the need to address the learning effect when analysing coordination variability from a dynamical systems perspective...

..This has implications for a better understanding of the long jump event and it is likely that this finding can be generalized to other technical sports skills...

..It was concluded that the main advantage of a curved approach was that it resulted in the generation of somersault velocity providing the curve tightened towards the end of the approach...

..These results suggest that the raised flat board and inclined boards would be effective in improving long jumpers' techniques during the take-off and airborne phases...

..This way, athletes could learn to clear the hurdle with a higher horizontal velocity, even when fatigue is potentially influencing the performance...

....

..Our findings suggest that race walkers in the final part of the support phase should exert the torque of the knee extensors and hip flexors to transfer the mechanical energy more effectively to the support thigh and shank...

..These must be differentiated from pes anserinus syndrome and a plica mediopatellaris...

..Additionally, the relative importance and speed of interaction of the respective metabolic pathways has implications to training for these events...

..It is therefore suggested that after intensive physical exercise, antioxidant functions should be monitored and supplemented whenever necessary to maintain the integrity of the cellular function...

Providing medical coverage at a track and field event is similar to other spectator events, but there are some important differences...

..It was concluded that passive static stretching in a warm-up decreases sprint performance, despite being combined with dynamic stretches, when compared to a solely dynamic stretch approach...

..High RFD jumps should be performed during training only when sport skills have a time constraint for force application...

..CONCLUSION: The muscles of SPR and DIS exhibit clear differences in energetic properties, but these differences are smaller than the two- to three-fold variations seen in the properties of individual muscle fibers...

....

..The jumpers had the highest values of the evaluated parameters of all groups, whereas parameters for the runners were intermediate between non-athletes and jumpers...

..For teams composed of athletes with different times over 100 m, we show that the fastest relay times are achieved with the fastest athlete taking the first leg, with the slowest two runners allocated to the final two legs...

..To identify risk factors for injury to cricket fast bowlers using field-based tests...

..The inverse correlation was only observed between Cr and Kleg during the 2000-meter run and not before or after the exercise, suggesting that the stiffness of the runner may be not associated with the Cr...

..7% +/- 5.0%, 4.0% +/- 4.9%, and 1.3% +/- 7.5%, respectively. The results indicate that performing a heavy-load back squat before a set of consecutive SJs may enhance acute performance in average and peak jump height, as well as peak GRF...

..The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic and kinetic parameters of treadmill running to those of overground running...

..Understanding transtibial amputee high jump technique and the differences compared to what is known about non-amputee technique has implications for coaching and improving performance in prosthetic sport...

..Males and females were analysed separately. Suggestions for controlling the height of release and the vertical component of the speed of release using an effective technique are made...

..These results provide critical information regarding the training of discus-throwing techniques, and the direction of future biomechanical studies on this event...

..Twenty-one healthy division III women's track and field athletes participated in the study...

..It is speculated that individual differences in the force-length and force-velocity relationships of the calf muscles may influence the appropriate shoe stiffness for each athlete to obtain their maximal performance...

..It is postulated that the increase in MTS resulted in improved RE. We speculate that the improved RE led to changes in 3-km running performance, as there were no corresponding alterations in VO(2max) or Th(la)...

..to systematically emphasize the development of strength, power and motor performance in 14 highly skilled track and field athletes (e.g. discus, hammer, javelin, shot put and weight)...

Seven high school boys (16.4 +/- 0.5 y, mean +/- SD) and 7 girls (16.4 +/- 0.5 y), who specialized in track and field events, performed ten 5-s maximal sprint runs with an interval of 10s between each sprint on a non-motorized running ..

..The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between shot put and the upper-body power tests suggests that other body parts (e.g., lower extremities) may play a significant role in this event...

..55, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the lactate exchange ability seems to play a role on the athlete's capacity to sustain exercise close to 2-min-duration and specifically to run 800 m...

..Discussion focuses on methodological considerations for advancing future research that contrasts CS and longitudinal samples, and the importance of encouraging sport involvement opportunities to aging individuals...

..In conclusion, 3000-m running performance can be significantly improved in a group of well-trained runners, using a 4-week treadmill interval training program at v.VO(2max) with interval durations of 60% T(max)...

..47 degrees) and females (9.02 degrees - 34.52 degrees). The position of the shot from a fixed reference point at release revealed a similar trend for both males (2.01 m - 2.68 m) and females (1.16 m - 1.98 m), although it was weaker...

..This will help to improve knowledge concerning radiation conditions inside of spacecrafts, necessary to secure a maximum possible protection to the astronauts...

..We conducted epidemiological studies to determine prevalence and age-specific trends in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent and young urban Asian Indians...

..It is also pointed out, however, that there may be unique effects from single tracks of heavy ions that do not occur from light-ion tracks. For such effects, the concepts of both RBE and RPPE lose their meaning...

....

..We, therefore, looked at our data to assess whether laparoscopic appendectomy in children could be performed as fast-track or same-day surgery (< or = 24-hour postoperative stay)...

..Collectively, these results provide direct evidence of an association between residential radon and lung cancer risk, a finding predicted by extrapolation of results from occupational studies of radon-exposed underground miners...

..The extra forward rotation of the hoof induced by heel wedges on hard tracks was almost the same on soft track surfaces. Eggbars and fibre/sand mix tracks have intermediate effects on unloading of the distal forelimb...

..To quantify the role played by radiation track structure and background fragments in modulating DNA fragmentation in human cells exposed to gamma-rays and light ions...

..Our objective is to describe a five-year experience with fast-track rehabilitation for lung cancer lobectomy...

..045) as independent predictors of hospital readmission. FTRC protocols can be performed safely in patients with off-pump CABG, and the mortality and readmission rates following this protocol were found to be within acceptable ranges...

....

....

..Further calibration of the retrospective detectors' models for interpretation of track rate density may allow the pooling of studies that use glass-based retrospective radon detectors to determine historic residential radon exposures...

..To compare the epidemiology of pediatric pedestrian injury in Jacksonville, FL to national trends, to analyze geographic distribution of these injuries, and to analyze pedestrian injury severity trends over time...

..The purpose of this research was to determine the practice trends of dental hygiene baccalaureate degree recipients who participated in a specialty track...

..The use of on-site point-of-care (POC) pathology testing equipment was the key component of both arms of the project...

..abstract truncated at 400 words)..

..Epidemiological studies validating the different shock risk models are lacking. Work modifications and adequate suspension seats would be beneficial for prevention of harmful exposure to vibration and shocks...

..The objective was to determine the effect on patient satisfaction of providing patients with predicted service completion times...

....

..This paper reviews the background, development, testing, and validation of the instrument and shows how its flexibility allows it to be used in new ways to assess different aspects of GERD...

..Data was compared with another randomised group (n = 21) undergoing similar open-heart procedures with no other opioid than fentanyl on board...

..In this article, we focus on magnetic resonance imaging, which provides highly sensitive and specific evaluation for bone marrow edema, periosteal reaction as well as detection of subtle fracture lines...

..We examined indications for drainage alone versus drainage plus fistulotomy in terms of recurrence and continence...

..This study was carried out to assess the risks and benefits of conducting the fast-track method in cardiac anaesthesia and to evaluate the role of continuous infusion of short-acting anaesthetics in a successful fast-track protocol...

..Both have been reported to give good agreement with observed radiobiological data. We were interested in a general comparison and in the predictive power of these models for protons...

....

..In an effort to explore the basis for this observation, calculations were performed to investigate the response of different biological targets through a range of proton energies and doses...

..The microtubules of the cell are only of minor importance for the directed and the non-directed locomotion...

..Genetic constructs and crosses will have t..

..abstract_text> ..

..While that type of "success measure" is hard to assess, more effort in this area in subsequent proposals would be helpful. ..

..Significant support from potential commercial partners has already been received. ..

..Kathehne R.' Type the name of the program director at the top of each printed page and each continuation page. (For type specifications, see instructions on page 6.) INSTITUTIONAL NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD ..

..Our work has compelling translational applications: to monitor brain injury after CA in patients and to optimize hypothermia delivery after CA guided by neurological monitoring. ..

..A modular approach will also permit incremental testing and deployment of system features, which will structure and facilitate the progress towards the automated closed-loop control commonly known as artificial pancreas. ..

..2) Because insurance coverage for infertility is required by Massachusetts law for all participants, the choice of therapeutic alternatives is not affected by the patients' ability to pay for treatment. ..

..abstract_text> ..