monocular vision

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..These results shed new light on the relationship between perception and imagery and on the characteristics of sequential and simultaneous processes in the human brain...

We compared the effect of 2 days of monocular vision on the ocular dominance of cells in the visual cortex of light-reared kittens with the effect in dark-reared kittens at 6, 9, and 14 weeks of age, and analyzed the results by layer...

..The capacity for plasticity in the mammalian cortex can therefore be conditioned by past experience...

..Therefore, the mouse is probably a good model for investigating the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying visual developmental plasticity and amblyopia...

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..These findings suggest that the bidirectional changes in visually evoked responses after MD are behaviorally meaningful and that significant plasticity is exhibited well into adulthood...

..We have thus established optical imaging of intrinsic signals as a fast and reliable screening method to study OD plasticity in the mouse...

..Together, these novel applications confirm that noninvasive screening of many functional properties of the visual cortex is possible...

..This proposal is based on the finding that maximum grip apertures are reduced with monocular vision. By a second account, monocular viewing results in the loss of binocular visual cues and leads to strategic ..

..These results suggest that in development and adulthood, the regulation of a trans-synaptic signaling pathway controls the adaptive potential of cortical circuits...

..Thus, in mice, the primary visual cortex is capable of remarkable adaptation throughout life...

..Understanding how MI and MD differentially affect activity in the visual system of young mice may provide key insight into how the critical period ends...

..These data show that the adult mouse visual system maintains a form of experience-dependent plasticity in which the visual cortex can modulate the normal function of subcortical visual pathways...

..These insights may force a revision in how data on ocular dominance plasticity in mutant mice have been interpreted...

..We must, therefore, conclude that there is no evidence from the current study that glossiness influences shape perception although to the observer matte and glossy objects look quite different...

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..The present results indicate that transcranial flavoprotein fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool for investigating experience-dependent plasticity in the mouse visual cortex...

..The model also explains how: the Metelli Rules cause transparent percepts, bistable transparency percepts arise, and attention influences transparency reversal...

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..This finding provides evidence that early alcohol exposure does not affect the timing or duration of the critical period of OD plasticity and suggests an enduring impairment of neural plasticity in FAS...

..Significant, but modest, effects of age were found in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. The ability to perceive local surface orientation appears to be relatively well preserved with increasing age, at least through the age of 80...

..Together, our study demonstrates that interocular suppression is substantially different from monocular cross-orientation suppression and is mediated by inhibitory circuitry within the visual cortex...

..These results imply that the findings reported by Howard and Duke can be understood with mechanisms responsible for the computation of binocular disparity and stereoscopic occlusion...

..Sequential monocular decamouflage was found to be as precise and accurate as conventional simultaneous stereopsis with equivalent depths and exposure durations...

..Visual stimulation did not facilitate the recovery. These results suggest that the early phase of ocular dominance plasticity is labile and declines passively...

..The reduced probability of saccades mainly occurred for larger voluntary saccades, rather than for involuntary microsaccades. We suggest that the reduced probability of voluntary saccades reflects a reset of saccade planning...

..These results suggest that monoptic COS is mediated by subcortical mechanisms, whereas intracortical inhibition is the mechanism for dichoptic COS...

..Our results consistently support the match-to-fovea account, and lead us to conclude that monoptic depth is a stereoscopic phenomenon...

..How precisely can objects, located in different depth planes, be aligned to the same visual direction?..

..All these experiments indicate that the visual system can use the pictorial depth cues as a constraint to determine the depth of monocular elements...

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..Overall, temporal integration was better for stereopsis than for binocular luster...

..The interocular route is a good candidate for the initial pathway involved in binocular rivalry and predicts that interocular cross-orientation suppression should be found in cortical cells with predominantly ipsiocular drive...

..A motor control model that optimally integrates cues with different delays accounts for our findings and shows that cue integration for motor control depends in part on the time course of cue processing...

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..This suggests that actual complex cell receptive fields are constructed by a richer combination of linear filters than proposed by the minimalist model...

..Journal of Vision 5 (1), 71-80), using that disparity scales with distance], but before other slant signals are integrated for the resulting awareness of the presented slant stimulus...

..We propose that the amount of interocularly combined pattern-completed percept can be regarded as a measure of the level at which binocular rivalry is resolved...

..We conclude that the visual system uses perspective convergence to perceive slant and that effective use of convergence requires the presence of spectral components aligned with the tilt direction...

..Results from two experiments are reported, suggesting that disparity rather than motion processing introduces perceptual bias...

..However when they were placed in front of the configuration this attenuation disappeared. The gap and the background were able under these conditions to complete amodally...

..These results imply that the findings reported by Howard and Duke can be understood with mechanisms responsible for the computation of binocular disparity and stereoscopic occlusion...

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..Rivalry rates decreased with age and further with pathology. Moreover, rivalry time dominance of the worse-seeing eye was negatively correlated with interocular acuity differences for the AMD group...

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..In conclusion, if one wishes to estimate the dynamic vergence response with psychophysical methods, effects of capture of visual direction can be reduced by using flashed nonius lines...

..This study was designed to examine one component of the dynamic relationship, the latencies of the responses...

..75 arcmin in this species, we conclude that the findings reported here indicate that vernier acuity is hyperacute in the barn owl. The data presented here are the first demonstration of vernier acuity thresholds in birds...

..Therefore, a simple, robust, physiologically plausible gain-control theory accurately describes an early stage of binocular combination...

..The results of both experiments show that focus cues can contribute to estimates of 3-D scene parameters. Inappropriate focus cues in typical 3-D displays may therefore contribute to distortions in perceived space...

..These effects may depend on the confidence with which subjects were able to judge the location of our various targets: greater confidence leading to a smaller temporal displacement...

..The quality rather than the quantity of retinal illumination is the key factor for ocular dominance plasticity. These data have implications for both the mechanism and treatment of amblyopia...

..From these results, the magnitude of such distortions can be ranked, and the utility or efficacy of the available visual cues informing about the space layout can also be inferred...

..Our findings suggest that motion signals can induce a misperception of position in depth that is similar manner to that produced by motion within an object in the two-dimensional image plane...

..Attention can influence which of these percepts is perceived by propagating selectively along object boundaries...

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..These findings suggest that beyond the primary visual cortex, competitive interactions between the eyes can give way to collaborative interactions that enable a relative sparing of some visual functions after monocular deprivation...

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..The findings question whether the visual system, using both binocular and monocular cues to depth, can make explicit estimates of the 3-D location and movement of objects in depth...

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..This demonstrates that disparity-selective cells are specialized for processing horizontal disparity, and that existing models of disparity selectivity require substantial revision...

..By relating physiology to psychophysics, the model provides new functional insights and predictions about laminar cortical architecture...

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..We found strikingly that depth thresholds for the two gap conditions were the same and that there was perfect cross-adaptation of perceived depth from the unpaired to paired condition, strongly suggesting a common mechanism...

..The age-related laminar differences in reorganizational plasticity of cat striate cortex correlate with the lamino-temporal pattern of distribution of N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors in striate cortex...

..No naso-temporal asymmetries were found in either group at any contrast level. These findings suggest that, in humans, visual deprivation from unilateral enucleation does not result in a naso-temporal asymmetry in the near periphery...

..However, bell cancellation test clearly worsened when assessed in left monocular vision confirming that eye patching can worsen attentional visual neglect...

..There are few personal reports in the literature, by knowledgeable vision scientists, of the loss of binocular vision. This case is reported...

..Provided that monocular vision is equal in both eyes, Haase interpreted ocular prevalence as being due to a small vergence error (fixation ..

..The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment are high in Ethiopia and use of services is limited. Determining the barriers to use of eye care services is critical for planning strategies to prevent blindness...

..To evaluate the transposition of the anterior superior oblique insertion as a treatment for cyclovertical diplopia accompanied by an awareness of tilted image perceived with the affected eye induced from limited macular translocation (LMT)...

..Because the process is idiopathic, it lacks association with neoplastic, infectious, or systemic immunologic and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, an extensive analysis is required to exclude secondary etiologies of orbital inflammation...

..judge the hunting range using such a simple visual system? A previous study suggested that both binocular and monocular vision are used for distance estimation...

..and step over the obstacle and the contribution of head movements to acquisition of depth information under monocular vision. Binocular and monocular vision was manipulated in different phases using either an eye patch or liquid ..

..Tractive translocation of the macula (secondary macular heterotopia) may result in disturbance of binocular vision. The report of a case shall discuss the sensorial problems of these patients...

..To evaluate the biopsychosocial profile of patients with anophthalmia, with emphasis on the psychological and functional impact of eye loss and the social reintegration of this population...

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a sudden, frequently irreversible, monocular vision loss, analogous to acute cerebral ischaemia...

..Progressive proptosis with complete monocular vision loss was the presenting symptom...

..Performance in the two head movement conditions was also tested with normal monocular vision. We tested performance in the two head movement conditions when the observers were given haptic feedback and ..

..If excessive reinforcement is done, the horizontal position can be modified toward esotropia. We undertook this study to evaluate the horizontal position modification after unilateral tucking of the inferior rectus muscle...

..The goal of the present investigation was to quantify, under such a condition, the advantage of binocular over monocular vision or, rather, the disadvantage of having only one eye.

..In previous studies about the control of posture there have been controversial findings. Our aim was to examine the role of monocular and binocular vision in controlling posture in quiet stance...

..To describe the visual fields of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternally inherited disorder characterized by bilateral, often sequential vision loss, before and during progressive visual deterioration...

..the underwater target, the dolphins had to come close to the touch-screen and to position themselves using monocular vision (left or right eye) and/or binocular naso-ventral vision...

..To evaluate the roles of binocular vision, monocular clues, and experience in spatial perception in a prospective, nonrandomized, case-control study...

..Also, one must understand the effect of monocular vision on peripheral vision...

..Although vision loss is a relatively uncommon sequela of an ICA aneurysm, compression of the optic nerve by an aneurysm can cause visual field loss, decreased visual acuity, or both...

..Amblyopia is the leading cause of monocular vision loss in the United States for adults under the age of 40...

..Head-fixed subjects reported their perceived visual straight-ahead position using both left and right eye monocular vision, before and after 15 min of 1 Hz rTMS...

..That result suggests that, at least in some circumstances, monocular vision is sufficient for the precise control of limb movements...

Optic neuritis usually presents with painful monocular vision loss in younger patients...

..To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion in the setting of type II protein C deficiency, and to describe the appropriate tests for detecting this clotting abnormality...

..When asked to reproduce, in monocular vision, 10 degrees and 20 degrees distances between two attentionally cued end points lying on the frontal vertical ..

..task under two hand (right and left hand) and three visual conditions (binocular vision, right and left eye monocular vision)...

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..By studying the integrated function of vision and haptics and motor control the investigators hope to generate fundamental understanding of functionally effective spatial behaviors. ..

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..The knowledge to be gained from this research is essential for formulating effective physical therapies for the elderly or children with DCD, or for learning to use visual aids and prosthetic limbs. ..

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..visuo-motor behavior and at a more refined level of one motor task vs. another and motor planning vs. on-line motor control. ..

..This will ultimately direct and constrain future studies of the neural mechanisms underlying vision. ..

..Third, we test whether feedback might be effective for slant perception as a form of shape perception that allows feedback about shape to be provided in a single reach. ..

..This will ultimately direct and constrain future studies of the neural mechanisms underlying vision. ..

..Trainees will consist of optometry students who have just completed either their first or second professional years, and have done well academically (3.5 gpa or better). All will have an undergraduate degree, generally in the sciences. ..

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..More generally, this knowledge will lead to improved tests of spatial cognition that will be useful in better understanding the deficits in knowledge and behavior resulting from diseases, such as Alzheimer's, and brain damage. ..

..More generally, this knowledge will lead to improved tests of spatial cognition that will be useful in better understanding the deficits in knowledge and behavior resulting from diseases, such as Alzheimer's, and brain damage. ..

..The experiments on spatial learning by preview compare the learning of a route by walking vs. auditory or haptic exposure. ..

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..The development of virtual environments for natural tasks is important as it allows us to safely investigate situations that might be dangerous to test in the real world. ..

..As corollary, improvement of astrocytes function can lead to an increase in neuronal plasticity. These studies should contribute to devise therapeutic interventions that may alleviate morbidity in FASD. ..

..This method of going from the laboratory to the clinic should maximize the potential for significant new information about ophthalmic testing for diagnosis and assessment of glaucoma. ..

..A long-term goal of this research is to provide sensitive and reliable psychophysical techniques to aid in the diagnosis of eye disorders...

..By helping to elucidate the brain areas involved in heading perception, this work may eventually aid in targeting new Alzheimer's therapies to the appropriate brain regions. ..

..These studies will help to define the necessary and sufficient conditions for the development of normal binocular vision and enhance treatment outcomes of pediatric patients. ..

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..Do lens-induced refractive changes affect visual acuity in marmosets? Can compensation for visually induced defocus take place without changes in visual acuity? ..

..The results of these studies may one day contribute to devise therapeutic interventions that will prevent or alleviate morbidity in FAS. ..

..Further, we expect that the failure of normal development in one or both of these regions will help to diagnose potential difficulties in reading development. ..