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| reaction timeSummarySummary: The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. Top Publications
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Publications
Speed of processing in the human visual system
S Thorpe
Centre de Recherche Cerveau and Cognition, Toulouse, France
Nature 381:520-2. 1996..ERP analysis revealed a frontal negativity specific to no-go trials that develops roughly 150 ms after stimulus onset. We conclude that the visual processing needed to perform this highly demanding task can be achieved in under 150 ms...Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control
John G Kerns
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Science 303:1023-6. 2004....The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review
R Naatanen
Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Clin Neurophysiol 118:2544-90. 2007..In addition, the MMN enables one to establish the brain processes underlying the initiation of attention switch to, conscious perception of, sound change in an unattended stimulus stream...Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
A G Greenwald
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195 1525, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 74:1464-80. 1998..Korean + pleasant for Japanese vs. Korean subjects), and (c) consciously disavowed evaluative differences (Black + pleasant vs. White + pleasant for self-described unprejudiced White subjects)...The NimStim set of facial expressions: judgments from untrained research participants
Nim Tottenham
Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
Psychiatry Res 168:242-9. 2009..The results lend empirical support for the validity and reliability of this set of facial expressions as determined by accurate identification of expressions and high intra-participant agreement across two testing sessions, respectively...Grounding language in action
Arthur M Glenberg
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
Psychon Bull Rev 9:558-65. 2002..Instead, the data support an embodied theory of meaning that relates the meaning of sentences to human action...Top-down versus bottom-up control of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices
Timothy J Buschman
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, RIKEN MIT Neuroscience Research Center, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Science 315:1860-2. 2007..This result indicates that top-down and bottom-up signals arise from the frontal and sensory cortex, respectively, and different modes of attention may emphasize synchrony at different frequencies...Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory
Michael W Eysenck
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
Emotion 7:336-53. 2007..g., enhanced effort; increased use of processing resources). Directions for future research are discussed...Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection
Peter Lakatos
Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
Science 320:110-3. 2008..These instrumental functions of low-frequency oscillations support a conceptual framework that integrates numerous earlier findings...The 5-choice serial reaction time task: behavioural pharmacology and functional neurochemistry
T W Robbins
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 163:362-80. 2002The developmental history and application of the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) for measuring effects of drugs and other manipulations on attentional performance (and stimulus control) in rats is reviewed.Motor-sensory recalibration leads to an illusory reversal of action and sensation
Chess Stetson
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 7046, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Neuron 51:651-9. 2006..This illusion-specific activation suggests that the brain maintains not only a recalibrated representation of timing, but also a less-plastic representation against which to compare it...Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum
Samuel M McClure
Human Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Neuron 38:339-46. 2003....The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology
J M Williams
Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd
Psychol Bull 120:3-24. 1996..They address the causes and mechanisms underlying the phenomenon, focusing on J.D. Cohen, K. Dunbar, and J.L. McClelland's (1990) parallel distributed processing model...Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass
A Ohman
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
J Exp Psychol Gen 130:466-78. 2001..Thus, evolutionary relevant threatening stimuli were effective in capturing attention, and this effect was further facilitated if the stimulus was emotionally provocative...The activation of attentional networks
Jin Fan
Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Neuroimage 26:471-9. 2005..The attention network test (ANT) examines the effects of cues and targets within a single reaction time task to provide a means of exploring the efficiency of the alerting, orienting, and executive control networks ..Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex
Ying Zu Huang
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
Neuron 45:201-6. 2005....The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
T A Salthouse
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 0170, USA
Psychol Rev 103:403-28. 1996....The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention
D H Weissman
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
Nat Neurosci 9:971-8. 2006..Our findings provide a new, system-wide understanding of the patterns of brain activity that are associated with brief attentional lapses, which informs both theoretical and clinical models of goal-directed behavior...Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system
Sander Nieuwenhuis
Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Psychol Bull 131:510-32. 2005....Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm
Anthony G Greenwald
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195 1525, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 85:197-216. 2003..This new algorithm strongly outperforms the earlier (conventional) procedure...The neural basis of the speed-accuracy tradeoff
Rafal Bogacz
Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
Trends Neurosci 33:10-6. 2010..We also review current theories on how and where in the brain the SAT is controlled, and we end by proposing research directions that could distinguish between these theories...An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment
J D Greene
Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Department of Philosophy, 1879 Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Science 293:2105-8. 2001..These results may shed light on some puzzling patterns in moral judgment observed by contemporary philosophers...The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity
Nick Yeung
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Psychol Rev 111:931-59. 2004..It is concluded that the ERN can be explained in terms of response conflict and that monitoring for conflict may provide a simple mechanism for detecting errors...The diffusion decision model: theory and data for two-choice decision tasks
Roger Ratcliff
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U S A
Neural Comput 20:873-922. 2008..The broad range of applications of the model is also reviewed, including research in the domains of aging and neurophysiology...Cortical and subcortical contributions to Stop signal response inhibition: role of the subthalamic nucleus
Adam R Aron
Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
J Neurosci 26:2424-33. 2006..Future research is required to establish whether Stop-signal inhibition could be implemented via a direct functional neuroanatomic projection between IFC and STN (a "hyperdirect" pathway)...Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits
Xiao Jing Wang
Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA
Neuron 36:955-68. 2002....Visual word recognition of single-syllable words
David A Balota
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
J Exp Psychol Gen 133:283-316. 2004..Discussion focuses on the utility of large-scale regression studies in providing a complementary approach to the standard factorial designs to investigate visual word recognition...Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex
A Ferbert
MRC Human Movement and Balance Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
J Physiol 453:525-46. 1992..Similarly, H reflexes in relaxed forearm flexor muscles were unaffected by conditioning stimuli to the ipsilateral hemisphere. However, inhibition was observed if the experiment was repeated with the muscles active...Anterior cingulate cortex and response conflict: effects of frequency, inhibition and errors
T S Braver
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
Cereb Cortex 11:825-36. 2001....The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex
Etienne Koechlin
Institut National de la Sante et de Recherche Medicale, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
Science 302:1181-5. 2003..The results support an unified modular model of cognitive control that describes the overall functional organization of the human lateral PFC and has basic methodological and theoretical implications...Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite basketball players
Salvatore M Aglioti
Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Via dei Marsi 78, 1 00185, Roma, Italy
Nat Neurosci 11:1109-16. 2008....Response of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area during a combined visual discrimination reaction time task
Jamie D Roitman
Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 7290, USA
J Neurosci 22:9475-89. 2002..A threshold level of LIP activity appears to mark the completion of the decision process and to govern the tradeoff between accuracy and speed of perception...Horse-race model simulations of the stop-signal procedure
Guido P H Band
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
Acta Psychol (Amst) 112:105-42. 2003..The simulations indicate that, under most conditions, the latency, but not variability, of response inhibition can be reliably estimated...Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions
Patrik Vuilleumier
Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Nat Neurosci 6:624-31. 2003..An activation of pulvinar and superior colliculus by fearful expressions occurred specifically with low-frequency faces, suggesting that these subcortical pathways may provide coarse fear-related inputs to the amygdala...The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex
Vincent van Veen
University of Pittsburgh and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
J Cogn Neurosci 14:593-602. 2002..Second, caudal ACC activity might be temporally dissociated from rostral ACC activity during error trials, which possibly reflects a separate, affective component of the evaluative functions of the ACC...Contextual cueing: implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention
M M Chun
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 8205, USA
Cogn Psychol 36:28-71. 1998..The results show how implicit learning and memory of visual context can guide spatial attention towards task-relevant aspects of a scene...Transient induced gamma-band response in EEG as a manifestation of miniature saccades
Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
Neuron 58:429-41. 2008..Thus, whereas neuronal gamma-band oscillations were shown conclusively with other methods, the broadband transient iGBR recorded by scalp EEG reflects properties of miniature saccade dynamics rather than neuronal oscillations...The simplest complete model of choice response time: linear ballistic accumulation
Scott D Brown
School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Cogn Psychol 57:153-78. 2008We propose a linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) model of decision making and reaction time. The LBA is simpler than other models of choice response time, with independent accumulators that race towards a common response threshold...Both the hippocampus and striatum are involved in consolidation of motor sequence memory
Geneviève Albouy
Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, B 4000 Liege, Belgium
Neuron 58:261-72. 2008..These results show that both structures interact during motor sequence consolidation to optimize subsequent behavior...Cortical sources of the early components of the visual evoked potential
Francesco Di Russo
Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92093 0608, USA
Hum Brain Mapp 15:95-111. 2002..These findings clarify the anatomical origin of these VEP components, which have been studied extensively in relation to visual-perceptual processes...'Oops!': performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects
I H Robertson
Applied Psychology Unit, Rehabilitation Research Group, Addenbrooke s Hospital, Cambridge, U K
Neuropsychologia 35:747-58. 1997..We also report a highly significant correlation of -0.58 between SART performance and Glasgow Coma Scale Scores in the TBI group...ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: a tutorial
M Falkenstein
Institut fur Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universitat Dortmund IfADo, Abt für Sinnes und Neurophysiologie, Ardeystr 67, D 44139, Dortmund, Germany
Biol Psychol 51:87-107. 2000..Further research is necessary to specify the functional significance of the Pe...On the locus of speed-accuracy trade-off in reaction time: inferences from the lateralized readiness potential
Gerhard Rinkenauer
General Psychology and Research Methods, Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
J Exp Psychol Gen 133:261-82. 2004Lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) were used to determine the stage(s) of reaction time (RT) responsible for speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs)...A comparison of sequential sampling models for two-choice reaction time
Roger Ratcliff
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Psychol Rev 111:333-67. 2004..The relationship between these models and 3 recent, neurally inspired models was also examined...Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain
Chun Siong Soon
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Nat Neurosci 11:543-5. 2008..This delay presumably reflects the operation of a network of high-level control areas that begin to prepare an upcoming decision long before it enters awareness...Frontal theta activity in humans increases with memory load in a working memory task
Ole Jensen
Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, FIN 02015 HUT, Finland
Eur J Neurosci 15:1395-9. 2002..Following the memory task the theta activity was reduced. These results suggest that theta oscillations generated in frontal brain regions play an active role in memory maintenance...Speed and accuracy of olfactory discrimination in the rat
Naoshige Uchida
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
Nat Neurosci 6:1224-9. 2003....The effect of stimulus strength on the speed and accuracy of a perceptual decision
John Palmer
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
J Vis 5:376-404. 2005..The theory's analytic chronometric function allows one to extend theories of accuracy to response time...Functional links between motor and language systems
Friedemann Pulvermüller
Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK
Eur J Neurosci 21:793-7. 2005....Reward changes salience in human vision via the anterior cingulate
Clayton Hickey
Department of Cognitive Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J Neurosci 30:11096-103. 2010..We suggest that reward acts to change visual salience and thus plays an important and undervalued role in attentional control...Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events
A K Anderson
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Nature 411:305-9. 2001..Our results reveal a neural substrate for affective influences on perception, indicating that similar neural mechanisms may underlie the affective modulation of both recollective and perceptual experience...Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement
Jeffrey W Dalley
Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
Science 315:1267-70. 2007..These data demonstrate that trait impulsivity predicts cocaine reinforcement and that D2 receptor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine addicts may, in part, be determined by premorbid influences...Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro-caudal organization of the frontal lobes
David Badre
Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Box 1978, Providence, RI 02912 1978, USA
Trends Cogn Sci 12:193-200. 2008..Distinctions among these frameworks are considered as a basis for future research...The capacity of visual short-term memory is set both by visual information load and by number of objects
G A Alvarez
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Psychol Sci 15:106-11. 2004..Thus, both the visual information load and number of objects impose capacity limits on visual short-term memory...Striatum and pre-SMA facilitate decision-making under time pressure
Birte U Forstmann
Department of Psychology, Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:17538-42. 2008..These results demonstrate that when people have to make decisions under time pressure their striatum and pre-SMA show increased levels of activation...Bounded integration in parietal cortex underlies decisions even when viewing duration is dictated by the environment
Roozbeh Kiani
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Primate Research Center, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Neurosci 28:3017-29. 2008..Thus, the readout of visual cortex embraces a termination rule to limit processing even when potentially useful information is available...Fitting the Ratcliff diffusion model to experimental data
Joachm Vandekerckhove
University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Psychon Bull Rev 14:1011-26. 2007Many experiments in psychology yield both reaction time and accuracy data. However, no off-the-shelf methods yet exist for the statistical analysis of such data...Control over location-based response activation in the Simon task: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Birgit Stürmer
Biological Psychology Psychophysiology, Institute for Psychology, Humboldt University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 28:1345-63. 2002..Although exact repetitions of stimulus-response sequences caused a marked speed-up of responses, this 3rd mechanism is independent of unconditional route suppression and frequency-based adjustments in the conditional route...Conscious control over the content of unconscious cognition
Wilfried Kunde
Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, 06099 Halle Saale, Germany
Cognition 88:223-42. 2003..The intentional creation of such triggers allows actors to control the way unconscious stimuli bias their behaviour...Look away: the anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement
Douglas P Munoz
Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Physiology, CIHR Group in Sensory Motor Systems, Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:218-28. 2004Compatibility between observed and executed finger movements: comparing symbolic, spatial, and imitative cues
M Brass
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Leipzig, Germany
Brain Cogn 44:124-43. 2000..The results are discussed in relation to recent models of stimulus-response compatibility. Neurocognitive support for the strong relationship between movement observation and movement execution is reported...Behavioural characterisation of high impulsivity on the 5-choice serial reaction time task: specific deficits in 'waiting' versus 'stopping'
E S J Robinson
Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, Cambridge, UK
Behav Brain Res 196:310-6. 2009..Rats selected for high levels of impulsivity on a reaction time task analogous to the continuous performance test in humans exhibited correspondingly high levels of impulsive ..The gamma cycle
Pascal Fries
F C Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Trends Neurosci 30:309-16. 2007..This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Physiogenic and pathogenic oscillations: the beauty and the beast, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com)...Cognitive control mechanisms resolve conflict through cortical amplification of task-relevant information
Tobias Egner
Functional MRI Research Center, Columbia University, Neurological Institute, Box 108, 710 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
Nat Neurosci 8:1784-90. 2005..These results implicate attentional target-feature amplification as the primary mechanism for conflict resolution through cognitive control...Listening to action-related sentences modulates the activity of the motor system: a combined TMS and behavioral study
G Buccino
Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 24:355-63. 2005..The present data show that processing verbally presented actions activates different sectors of the motor system, depending on the effector used in the listened-to action...Word-category specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere
Bettina Neininger
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, PO Box D25, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
Neuropsychologia 41:53-70. 2003..An account for these results in terms of distributed neuronal systems representing words is offered...Preconditioning of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence for homeostatic plasticity in the human motor cortex
Hartwig R Siebner
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
J Neurosci 24:3379-85. 2004..These preconditioning effects of TDCS suggest the existence of a homeostatic mechanism in the human motor cortex that stabilizes corticospinal excitability within a physiologically useful range...Topographic ERP analyses: a step-by-step tutorial review
Micah M Murray
Electroencephalography Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging of Lausanne and Geneva, Radiologie CHUV BH08 078, Bugnon 46 Lausanne, Switzerland
Brain Topogr 20:249-64. 2008....Microsaccades: a neurophysiological analysis
Susana Martinez-Conde
Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Trends Neurosci 32:463-75. 2009..We also point out the current gaps in our understanding of the neurobiology of microsaccades and identify the most promising lines of enquiry...Anterior cingulate cortex, conflict monitoring, and levels of processing
V van Veen
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
Neuroimage 14:1302-8. 2001..Although both types of conflict caused reaction time interference, the fMRI data showed that the ACC is responsive only to response conflict, even when controlling ..Magnocellular projections as the trigger of top-down facilitation in recognition
Kestutis Kveraga
Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
J Neurosci 27:13232-40. 2007....Motor sequence learning with the nondominant left hand. A PET functional imaging study
Scott T Grafton
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 6162 Moore Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
Exp Brain Res 146:369-78. 2002..Implicit sequence learning by the nondominant left hand was examined with the serial reaction time (SRT) task during functional brain imaging...The cost of accumulating evidence in perceptual decision making
Jan Drugowitsch
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Ecole Normale Superieure, 75005 Paris, France
J Neurosci 32:3612-28. 2012..to estimate the cost of making additional observations per unit of time from two monkeys and six humans in a reaction time (RT) random-dot motion discrimination task...A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
Redmond G O'Connell
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Neurobiol Aging 33:2448-61. 2012..parietal electrodes but larger amplitudes over frontal scalp with no between-group differences in accuracy or reaction time. Electroencephalogram/functional magnetic resonance imaging fusion revealed that the P3a age effects were ..Jackknife-based method for measuring LRP onset latency differences
J Miller
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Psychophysiology 35:99-115. 1998..The method can be used with both stimulus- and response-locked LRPs, and simulations indicate that it provides accurate estimates of onset latency differences in many common experimental conditions...Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent
Daniel J Simmonds
Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Neuropsychologia 46:224-32. 2008....Phase patterns of neuronal responses reliably discriminate speech in human auditory cortex
Huan Luo
Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Neuron 54:1001-10. 2007....Changes of mind in decision-making
Arbora Resulaj
Computational and Biological Learning Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
Nature 461:263-6. 2009..The theoretical and experimental findings advance the understanding of decision-making to the highly flexible and cognitive acts of vacillation and self-correction...Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words
Stavroula Thaleia Kousta
Research Department of Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, United Kingdom
Cognition 112:473-81. 2009..We found no asymmetry between negative and positive words and suggest that previous findings of such an asymmetry can be attributed to failure to control for a number of critical lexical variables and to a sampling bias...Neural time course of conflict adaptation effects on the Stroop task
Michael J Larson
Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
Neuropsychologia 47:663-70. 2009..Findings provide clarification on the neural time course of conflict adaptation and raise further questions regarding the relative roles of the parietal conflict SP and fronto-medial N450 in conflict detection and processing...Neural activity in macaque parietal cortex reflects temporal integration of visual motion signals during perceptual decision making
Alexander C Huk
Center for Perceptual Systems, Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
J Neurosci 25:10420-36. 2005..Temporal integration may be a fundamental computation underlying higher cognitive functions that are dissociated from immediate sensory inputs or motor outputs...Development of cognitive control and executive functions from 4 to 13 years: evidence from manipulations of memory, inhibition, and task switching
Matthew C Davidson
Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
Neuropsychologia 44:2037-78. 2006..Other effects (e.g., asymmetric switch costs and the interaction of switching rules and switching response-sites) differed fundamentally over age...A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity
M J Kane
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA
J Exp Psychol Gen 130:169-83. 2001..In both experiments, low-span participants performed poorly when task switching from antisaccade to prosaccade blocks. The findings support a controlled-attention view of WM capacity...Models of response inhibition in the stop-signal and stop-change paradigms
Frederick Verbruggen
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33:647-61. 2009..We present evidence that favors the independent horse-race model but also some evidence that challenges the model. We end with a discussion of recent models that elaborate the role of a stop process in inhibiting a response...Developmental dyscalculia and basic numerical capacities: a study of 8-9-year-old students
Karin Landerl
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
Cognition 93:99-125. 2004..We conclude that dyscalculia is the result of specific disabilities in basic numerical processing, rather than the consequence of deficits in other cognitive abilities...Functional dissociation in right inferior frontal cortex during performance of go/no-go task
Junichi Chikazoe
Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Cereb Cortex 19:146-52. 2009..These results indicate that the pIFG and IFJ within the inferior frontal cortex are spatially close but are associated with different cognitive control processes in the go/no-go paradigm...Dissociable executive functions in the dynamic control of behavior: inhibition, error detection, and correction
H Garavan
Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
Neuroimage 17:1820-9. 2002..The results highlight how higher cognitive functions responsible for behavioral control can result from the dynamic interplay of distinct cortical systems...Ultra-rapid object detection with saccadic eye movements: visual processing speed revisited
Holle Kirchner
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition UMR 5549, CNRS Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Faculte de Medecine de Rangueil, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Vision Res 46:1762-76. 2006..The results suggest a very fast and unexpected route linking visual processing in the ventral stream with the programming of saccadic eye movements...Perceiving numbers causes spatial shifts of attention
Martin H Fischer
Psychology Department, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland
Nat Neurosci 6:555-6. 2003..This observation implies obligatory activation of number meaning and signals a tight coupling of internal and external representations of space...The amygdala response to emotional stimuli: a comparison of faces and scenes
Ahmad R Hariri
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Neuroimage 17:317-23. 2002..These results suggest that the human amygdala shows a stronger response to affective facial expressions than to scenes, a bias that should be considered in the design of experimental paradigms interested in probing amygdala function...Salience, relevance, and firing: a priority map for target selection
Jillian H Fecteau
Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Trends Cogn Sci 10:382-90. 2006..These observations have important ramifications for theories of attention. We conclude that priority--the combined representation of salience and relevance--best describes the firing properties of neurons...The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent-variable analysis
Naomi P Friedman
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 0345, USA
J Exp Psychol Gen 133:101-35. 2004..These results suggest that the term inhibition has been overextended and that researchers need to be more specific when discussing and measuring inhibition-related functions...Efficiency and ambiguity in an adaptive neural code
A L Fairhall
NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, New Jersey 08540, USA
Nature 412:787-92. 2001..The speed with which information is optimized and ambiguities are resolved approaches the physical limit imposed by statistical sampling and noise...Electrophysiological correlates of anterior cingulate function in a go/no-go task: effects of response conflict and trial type frequency
Sander Nieuwenhuis
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 3:17-26. 2003..Instead, the results are consistent with the view that the N2 in go/no-go tasks reflects conflict arising from competition between the execution and the inhibition of a single response...Hold your horses: impulsivity, deep brain stimulation, and medication in parkinsonism
Michael J Frank
Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Science 318:1309-12. 2007..These findings implicate independent mechanisms leading to impulsivity in treated Parkinson's patients and were predicted by a single neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia...Timing, timing, timing: fast decoding of object information from intracranial field potentials in human visual cortex
Hesheng Liu
Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Children s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Neuron 62:281-90. 2009..The fast decoding in single trials is compatible with feedforward theories and provides strong constraints for computational models of human vision...Early activation of object names in visual search
Antje S Meyer
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
Psychon Bull Rev 14:710-6. 2007..The results imply that semantic and name information associated with the objects becomes rapidly available and affects the allocation of visual attention...Triangulating a cognitive control network using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI
Adam R Aron
Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
J Neurosci 27:3743-52. 2007..The results also demonstrate a three-way functional-anatomical network in the right hemisphere that could either brake or completely stop responses...Dissociation of automatic and strategic lexical-semantics: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for differing roles of multiple frontotemporal regions
Brian T Gold
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 0298, USA
J Neurosci 26:6523-32. 2006..These studies provide reproducible evidence for a neural dissociation between three well established components of the lexical-semantic processing system...Impulsive personality predicts dopamine-dependent changes in frontostriatal activity during component processes of working memory
Roshan Cools
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 3190, USA
J Neurosci 27:5506-14. 2007..The present results provide a key link between dopamine D2 receptor function, impulsivity, and frontostriatal activity during component processes of working memory...The time course of visual processing: from early perception to decision-making
R VanRullen
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, France
J Cogn Neurosci 13:454-61. 2001..Although average ERP responses reflect the visual category of the stimulus shortly after visual processing has begun (e.g. 75-80 msec), this difference is not correlated with the subject's behavior until 150 msec poststimulus...
Research Grants
- Contextual cueing and implicit learningYuhong Jiang; Fiscal Year: 2009..Understanding its cognitive and neural mechanisms is the first step toward understanding this ability in normal adults as well as in those whose explicit learning and memory mechanisms are impaired. ..
- Post-Attentive VisionJeremy Wolfe; Fiscal Year: 2007..Taken together, the results of this program of research will test hypotheses that tie our understanding of visual search to our understanding of short and longer term visual memory. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Effects of Anxiety on Interhemispheric ProcessingREBECCA COMPTON; Fiscal Year: 2004..Application of the ERP methodology for measuring interhemispheric transmission is expected to produce a detailed picture of how emotional relevance affects the spread of information from one hemisphere to another. ..
- Theoretical analysis of the effects of aging on memory and reaction timeRoger Ratcliff; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- NEUROBIOLOGY OF CANNABIS EFFECTSDEEPAK D SOUZA; Fiscal Year: 2009....
- NEURAL RECORDINGS AND REACTION TIME MODELSRoger Ratcliff; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- Response Selection as a Function of AgeRobert Proctor; Fiscal Year: 2002..These guidelines will lead to development of products and environments that allow elderly adults to remain more independent and to engage safely in more activities in their daily lives. ..
- RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN MEMORYRoger Ratcliff; Fiscal Year: 2004..Investigation is planned in five, theoretically related domains. First, three models of choice reaction time will be tested using data from simple perceptual decision tasks and from higher level cognitive tasks...
- PSYCHOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VISIONJeremy Wolfe; Fiscal Year: 2003..He will expand the Guided Search model to handle additional data (e.g. eye movements in visual search and the "attentional blink"). ..
- Hangover, Congeners, Sleep and Occupational PerformanceJonathan Howland; Fiscal Year: 2004..Our occupational model will be merchant ship navigation by maritime academy cadets. Performance will be measured using computer-based interactive ship training simulators. ..
- SPATIAL INFLUENCES ON LANGUAGE FUNCTIONH Coslett; Fiscal Year: 2002..abstract_text> ..
- Neurocognitive Basis of Language Processing in AutismDiane Williams; Fiscal Year: 2008..unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Neural Correlates of Methamphetamine Use in Schizophrenia: An MRS StudyRuth Salo; Fiscal Year: 2007..These findings will have important implications for neurobiological models of comorbid substance abuse and treatment. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Neural Substrates of Component Lexical Semantic ProcessesBRIAN GOLD; Fiscal Year: 2008..abstract_text> ..
- Choices in time and neural activity in parietal cortexKENWAY LOUIE; Fiscal Year: 2008..This research seeks to explore both the neural basis of choice in time as well as the integration of temporal information into decision processes. ..
- Structural Brain Imaging in PsychopathyYaling Yang; Fiscal Year: 2007..By uncovering the neural basis of psychopathy, this proposal will hopefully provide valuable scientific knowledge that will facilitate the development of prevention and treatment of this disorder. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- TRIPTORELIN FOR OVARY PROTECTION IN CHILDHOOD LIPUSHermine Brunner; Fiscal Year: 2007..Abstract Not Provided ..
- A Simple Measure for Studying Sensory Gating DeficitsNeal Swerdlow; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- Global vs. Focal Neuroimaging Markers of Dementia RiskCaterina Rosano; Fiscal Year: 2007..unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Planning a Clinical Trial on Low Vision RehabilitationCynthia Owsley; Fiscal Year: 2007..unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- AAC Processing Support for Spoken Language in AphasiaMyrna Schwartz; Fiscal Year: 2007..unreadable] [unreadable]..
- VESTIBULO-OCULAR FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLYJoseph Furman; Fiscal Year: 2009..Cognitive tasks will include both choice reaction time and disjunctive reaction time tasks using auditory cues that differ in either pitch or side of presentation...
- Neural Mechanisms of Interaural Time Difference CodingKenneth Hancock; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Novel Brain Neuroimaging Markers of Age-Related Mobility ImpairmentCaterina Rosano; Fiscal Year: 2008..unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Cannabinoids, Neural Synchrony and Information ProcessingDEEPAK D SOUZA; Fiscal Year: 2008..unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Disorders of Syntactic ComprehensionDAVID NORMAN CAPLAN; Fiscal Year: 2011..The results could have important consequences for howwe think of these disorders and the neural organization that supports these functions. ..
- Perceptual Processes Evidence and ConfiguralityJames Townsend; Fiscal Year: 2009..Work toward these goals will involve theoretical, methodological, and empirical efforts. ..
- Sequence Induction in Infancy: A systematic approachScott Johnson; Fiscal Year: 2009..In the future, such understanding may aid in the formulation of diagnostics and treatments for some developmental disorders. ..
- Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Syntactic ComprehensionDavid Caplan; Fiscal Year: 2009....
- Tobacco Smoking, Nicotine and Negative Affect ReliefKenneth Perkins; Fiscal Year: 2009..In sum, this research will help address the fundamental question of why cigarette smoking is reinforcing. ..
- Neuro-Musculoskeletal Plasticity after SCIRichard K Shields; Fiscal Year: 2010..The proposed method not only has excellent potential for efficacy, but is also likely to be economical and easily integrated into the daily lives of people with SCI. ..
- Cooperative Lifestyle Intervention ProgramWALTER REJESKI; Fiscal Year: 2009..Analyses will also be conducted to determine whether changes in the primary outcome are mediated by changes in constructs from social cognitive theory. ..
- Neurocognitive Outcome of Infants of Diabetic MothersCharles Nelson; Fiscal Year: 2009..Given that approximately 10% of all pregnancies are complicated by maternal diabetes, the current project has important implications for public health. ..
- Visual Processing in Schizophrenia and SPDBRIAN O DONNELL; Fiscal Year: 2009..These findings may identify neurobehavioral deficits common to SZ and SPD, as well as features which differentiate these disorders. ..
- Norepinephrine and ImpulsivityAlan Swann; Fiscal Year: 2009..The results of these experiments may suggest means for monitoring risk for impulsive behavior and for a rational treatment schema for impulsivity. ..
- Drug Abuse and Impulsivity: Tests of Animal ModelsJerry B Richards; Fiscal Year: 2010..The proposed studies will provide important new information concerning putative animal models of impulsivity, and the ability of these models to predict cocaine self-administration. ..
- Neural Systems Underlying Sign Language ProductionKaren Emmorey; Fiscal Year: 2009..abstract_text> ..
- LANGUAGE, MODALITY AND THE BRAINKaren Emmorey; Fiscal Year: 2009..abstract_text> ..
- NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY MDMA--MONOAMINERGIC MECHANISMSKATHRYN CUNNINGHAM; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- Real-time Examination of Childhood Language ImpairmentRichard Schwartz; Fiscal Year: 2006..The data should yield evidence that will elucidate the nature of SLI and suggest new approaches to assessment and intervention for this disorder. ..
- Treatment Outcome of Vascular DepressionYvette Sheline; Fiscal Year: 2005..The proposed trial will provide information of value to the practitioner and also provide data to build a more comprehensive model of the prognostic impact of frontal-subcortical brain changes on the outcome of late-life depression. ..
- NEURAL MECHANISMS OF EARLY MEMORY DEVELOPMENTCharles Nelson; Fiscal Year: 2004..The overall premise upon which this proposal is based is that experience with faces recruits regions within the inferior temporal cortex, leading to cortical specialization. ..
- ACUTE NICOTINE ABSTINENCE IN ADOLESCENTSSuchitra Krishnan Sarin; Fiscal Year: 2001..Determining physical dependence and related changes in adolescent tobacco users may also provide valuable information regarding the process of development and maintenance of nicotine dependence. ..
- Mathematical Development in Learning Diasbled ChildrenDAVID GEARY; Fiscal Year: 2003..g., working memory) that underlie MD children's developmental delays and deficits in these competencies. ..
- FMRI AND TMS STUDIES OF WORKING MEMORY IN SCHIZOPHRENIADara Manoach; Fiscal Year: 2004..abstract_text> ..
- Learning Categories Many Ways at a TimeKenneth Kurtz; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- CERVICAL INFLUENCES ON BALANCEJoseph Furman; Fiscal Year: 2003..To address specific aim #3, postural sway will be measured in response to naso-occipital optic flow within a virtual reality environment during several yaw head-on-trunk positions. ..
- RESPIRATORY RELATED MOTOR OUTPUT TO UPPER AIRWAY MUSLCESSAMUEL KUNA; Fiscal Year: 2003..This work is an expansion of work conducted to date by the PI, who has recently relocated to the University of Pennsylvania. ..
- MUSCULOSKELETAL PLASTICITY AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURYRICHARD SHIELDS; Fiscal Year: 2003..The benefits of this newly developed adaptive feedback controlled exercise may provide a standard that individuals with paralysis may use in an effort to maintain their musculoskeletal properties following paralysis. ..
- INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN NICOTINE SENSITIVITY IN HUMANSKenneth Perkins; Fiscal Year: 2003..e., in nicotine-naive individuals). Results will provide directions for future research on vulnerability to tobacco dependence and for targeted efforts to prevent smoking onset. ..
- LEARNING DISABILITIES IN ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICSDAVID GEARY; Fiscal Year: 2003....
- Neural correlates of the precedence effectKenneth Hancock; Fiscal Year: 2003..The data obtained will help identify more precisely the strategies employed by the auditory system to localize sound in complex acoustic environments. ..
- GLYCINE-KETAMINE INTERACTIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTSDEEPAK D SOUZA; Fiscal Year: 2002..Pilot data (n=12) towards this proposal suggests that glycine reduces ketamine-induced perceptual alterations, negative symptoms and impairments on recall without worsening positive symptoms. ..
- MOTOR/COGNITIVE ASYMMETRY IN OLDER PSYCHOTIC PATIENTSJames Lohr; Fiscal Year: 2002..We hope these studies will provide insights into the localization of pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as well as their relationship to each other. ..
- EXCITOTOXICITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER VIRAL INFECTIONBradley Pearce; Fiscal Year: 2002..These studies aim to provide clues to the mechanisms by which an early viral infection could be involved in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. ..
- ORGANIZATION AND BREAKDOWN OF ROUTINE ACTION SKILLSMyrna Schwartz; Fiscal Year: 2001....
- Cognitive Sequelae of Methamphetamine AbuseRuth Salo; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- Affect, Context, and Placebo Responses to NicotineKenneth Perkins; Fiscal Year: 2005..Secondary analyses may identify important individual characteristics associated with placebo responses, aiding in the prediction of which smokers ultimately are likely to benefit most from manipulation of placebo effects. ..
- Contextual Influences on Visual Attention and PerceptionBarry Giesbrecht; Fiscal Year: 2005..The intention of both studies is that by rigorously investigating the interaction between sources of visual context and selective attention, a better understanding of conscious behavior will be achieved. ..
- NEURAL CIRCUITRY OF SENSORIMOTOR GATING ACROSS SPECIESNeal Swerdlow; Fiscal Year: 2006....
- Neurobehavioral correlates of bipolar disorderBRIAN O DONNELL; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- Hearing Loss and the Utility of Speech InformationBenjamin Hornsby; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- Genetic Analysis of Extreme Circadian/Sleep PhenotypesAnne Marie Chang; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- Clinical Vision Research Unit at UABCynthia Owsley; Fiscal Year: 2006..Furthermore, UAB has already established many community relations and research infrastructure contacts with these subpopulations that will immediately facilitate our research efforts. ..
- Simultaneous fMRI/ERP of Auditory Change DetectionMerav Sabri; Fiscal Year: 2005....
- Aging and vestibular disease on postural controlPATRICK SPARTO; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- Suppression in simple recognition memoryStephen Dopkins; Fiscal Year: 2005..abstract_text> ..
- Self-Focused Attention and Nonconscious Self-EvaluationPAUL SILVIA; Fiscal Year: 2005..Examining the cognitive processes that give rise to automatic self-evaluation will enhance psychology's understanding of how to prevent, treat, and regulate maladaptive and self-defeating patterns of thought. ..
- BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL BY FOREBRAIN & BRAINSTEM NEURONSSUSAN BARMAN; Fiscal Year: 2008..unreadable] [unreadable]..
- MOLECULAR VARIABLES AFFECTING CHOICE BEHAVIORJAMES MAZUR; Fiscal Year: 2009....
- PREDICTORS OF ADOLESCENT ECSTASY USE IN THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF PARENTS AND YOUTHSilvia Martins; Fiscal Year: 2006..Finally, we believe that our study will bring public health contributions to better understand potential determinants of ecstasy use. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Aphasia Clinici*Cynthia Thompson; Fiscal Year: 2006..If successful, this work will result in new directions for the management of speech and language disorders that incorporate and take advantage of advances in computer technology. ..
- ROLE OF WALKING STABILITY IN FALLS AMONG THE ELDERLYYi Chung Pai; Fiscal Year: 2007..Aim 3: We will determine whether older adults decrease their fall incidence after repeated exposure to slips by improving gait stability and/or by enhancing their reactive responses. ..
- Developing an Instrument to Measure Keyboarding StyleNancy Baker; Fiscal Year: 2006..This information will be integrated into the final tool, the PECKS. The PECKS can then be used to identify an individual who have keyboarding...styles that have been associated with MSD-UE. ..
- Cannabinoid Regulation of Basal Ganglia Glutamate and GABASCOTT RAWLS; Fiscal Year: 2007..Our outcomes will be a first step in determining whether blocking endocannabinoid inactivation offers any therapeutic advantage over direct activation of cannabinoid receptors with marijuana. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- Optimizing Hearing Aid Fitting for Older AdultsRobyn Cox; Fiscal Year: 2007..For these individuals, resources presently allocated to hearing aid purchase would be used more effectively for alternate rehabilitation methods. Outcomes of 100 bilateral hearing aid fittings will be evaluated. [unreadable] [unreadable]..
- INTERMODAL TEMPORAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN INFANTSDAVID LEWKOWICZ; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- Genetic Manipulation of Phasic Dopaminergic ActivityJeff Beeler; Fiscal Year: 2007..A computational model formalizing a hypothesized relationship between reinforcement learning and motivation and incorporating both phasic and tonic activity will be developed. ..
- Can beta-lactam antibiotics decrease morphine physical dependence?SCOTT RAWLS; Fiscal Year: 2008..unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..