visual pattern recognition

..This ventral frontoparietal network works as a 'circuit breaker' for the dorsal system, directing attention to salient events. Both attentional systems interact during normal vision, and both are disrupted in unilateral spatial neglect...

..We focus on interactions among extrastriate, inferotemporal, and posterior parietal regions during visual processing, under different attentional and perceptual conditions...

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..The results suggest a very fast and unexpected route linking visual processing in the ventral stream with the programming of saccadic eye movements...

..These results indicate that the representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex are widely distributed and overlapping...

..Disruption of this interaction may lead to behavioral disorders, including schizophrenia...

..However, some property-based regions seem to show a categorical organization, thus providing evidence consistent with category-based, domain-specific formulations as well...

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..In agreement with the current literature on the anatomical basis of prosopagnosia, it is suggested that the FFA and OFA in the right hemisphere and their re-entrant integration are necessary for normal face processing...

..The results suggest that level of categorization and expertise, rather than superficial properties of objects, determine the specialization of the FFA...

..Because perceptual inputs remain segregated into dorsal (auditory), medial (olfactory) and ventral (visual) streams, the integration of emotion with perception is channel specific...

..Single-trial ERP data from each subject were analysed using a multiple linear regression model...

..Taken together, our data suggest that among the face-selective and object-selective regions, the FFA is a primary neural source of the behavioral FIE...

..Our data suggest that repetition suppression reflects a relative reduction in top-down perceptual 'prediction error' when processing an expected, compared with an unexpected, stimulus...

..This memory shares important characteristics with priming by non-ambiguous stimuli. Computational models now provide a framework to interpret many empirical observations...

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..These results indicate a possible neural mechanism for holistic or configural effects in expert versus novice observers...

..The two modes may work in parallel, with a graded balance changing according to the behavioral context. Determining whether or not these hypotheses are valid will require further studies...

..An event-related brain potential (ERP) study investigated how different processing stages involved in face identification are reflected by ERP modulations, and how stimulus repetitions and attentional set influence such effects...

..Mixed designs can allow researchers a means to examine brain activity associated with sustained processes, potentially related to task-level control signals...

..This fMRI evidence suggests that such a face-selective area exists in human anterior inferotemporal cortex, comprising the apparent homologue of the fMRI-defined ATFP in macaques...

..These findings place powerful constraints on theories of object recognition...

..The findings also highlight the role of neurodegenerative diseases combined with statistical imaging techniques in elucidating the brain basis of behavior and cognition...

..In contrast, the Warrington test and the Benton test failed to classify a majority of the prosopagnosics as impaired. These results indicate that the new test effectively assesses face recognition across a wide range of abilities...

..Our findings suggest that long- and short-term fMRI adaptations may reflect selective properties of different neuronal mechanisms...

..Finally, we elaborate our approach by discussing related issues, some new phenomena, connections to other approaches, and issues for future research...

..Finally, we apply AMVAR spectral analysis to a visuomotor integration task, revealing rapidly changing cortical dynamics during different stages of task processing...

..The results suggest that the encoding of faces and other complex patterns draws upon contrastive neural mechanisms that reference the central tendency of the stimulus category...

..4 (1994) 207-211], a reconsideration of the previous imaging literature data suggested that a dorsal/ventral subdivision of prefrontal cortex may depend upon the type of processing performed upon the information held in working memory...

..These results underscore the critical role of PFC in emotional evaluation and memory, and disentangle the effects of arousal and valence across PFC regions associated with different cognitive functions...

..The conjunction set-size effect was reduced but not eliminated. This questions serial-search models that attribute a major role to covert attention in visual search...

..These results confirm a specific prediction about the influence of working memory contents on the guidance of attention...

..These modulations are in agreement with the perceptual locus of the FIE and reinforce the view that the FFA and N170 are sensitive to individual face discrimination...

..We found this network to be distinct from the frontoparietal attention network, consisting of the frontal and parietal eye fields, where activity was not correlated with categorization uncertainty...

..Unfortunately most monitors have inadequate video bandwidth, DC restoration, and high-voltage regulation to live up to this ideal model. Two tests are recommended for assessing a CRT's deviation from the pixel-independence model...

..This result raises questions regarding neuropsychological evidence for the modularity of face recognition, as well as its theoretical and methodological foundations...

..These data show that dissociable subsystems in ventral visual cortex maintain distinct view-dependent and view-invariant object representations...

..These results demonstrate early ERP category effects in the visual domain, call into question the face selectivity of the N170 and establish ISPV as a critical factor to control in experiments relying on multitrial averaging...

..In addition to its relevance for computer vision, the success of this approach suggests a plausibility proof for a class of feedforward models of object recognition in cortex...

..The present results thus demonstrate that a significant portion of the neural code of IT cells represents differences in NAPs rather than MPs. This code may enable immediate recognition of novel objects at new views...

..Thus, cross-modal or cognitive interference that does not affect the visibility of the face does not interfere with the face aftereffect. We conclude that adaptation to face identity depends on seeing the face...

..The authors conclude that the DRC model is the most successful of the existing computational models of reading...

..The bee's perception of distance flown is therefore not absolute, but scene-dependent. These findings raise important and interesting questions about how these animals navigate reliably...

..Instead, PF's delay-period activity probably contributes more to the process of attentional selection...

..Our approach provides a framework for the readout of fine-tuned representations in the human brain and their subjective contents...

..We interpret our findings in terms of a protracted development of ventral visual-stream function in humans...

..The TPJ may serve to identify salient events in the sensory environment both within and independent of the current behavioral context...

..These data suggest that face processing proceeds through two stages: an initial stage of face categorization, and a later stage at which the identity of the individual face is extracted...

..Stimulation outside the face patches produced an activation pattern that spared the face patches. These results suggest that the face patches form a strongly and specifically interconnected hierarchical network...

..On the basis of this information, we derive task-specific gradients of probability for the allocation of attention to the different regions of the face...

..The time course of object detection and object categorization can be selectively manipulated. They are not intrinsically linked. As soon as you know an object is there, you do not necessarily know what it is...

..These findings are consistent with the notion that activity in the left temporal pole is linked to the level of specificity of word retrieval rather than the conceptual class to which the stimulus belongs...

..These findings elucidate the psychological mechanisms underlying CP and support the link between configural and face processing...

..Thus, distance flown is measured by a visually driven odometer that is surprisingly robust to variations in the texture or sparseness of the visual environment through which the bee flies...

..The results provide compelling evidence for significant genetic contribution to face recognition skills and contribute to the promise offered by the emerging field of cognitive neurogenetics...

..Such an extraretinal representation may be useful for maintenance of object coherence across saccadic eye movements, which are an integral part of natural vision...

..Synthetic faces and face cubes thus provide a useful new quantitative approach to the study of face perception and face space...

..The link between RLPFC and the process of relational integration may be due to the associated process of manipulating self-generated information, a process that may characterize RLPFC function...

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..This general pattern cannot be explained by activation carryover models, but is consistent with the idea that the asymmetry arises as a result of interference from long-term memory traces...

..The results suggest that the presentation of an accessory stimulus facilitates response activation processes because of the participants' enhanced level of preparation for stimulus processing...

..The results argue against a spreading trace of attention that encompasses the whole line...

..Overall, the results suggest that the time course of color cueing is not inherently different from that of location cueing once its main disadvantages are removed...

..These findings establish a new laboratory measure of a form of distractibility common to everyday life and highlight load as an important determinant of such distractibility...

..As a consequence, target and flankers were processed in parallel, even if this was nonoptimal for target selection...

..These results might help to characterize the human mirror neuron system and reveal how joint attention tunes early perceptual processes toward action prediction...

..This pattern of results provides strong evidence that the conflict adaptation effect reflects associative stimulus-response priming instead of conflict-driven adaptations in cognitive control...

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..The findings indicated that PM performance was much poorer when the PM cue was irrelevant to the ongoing task, in spite of the fact that nontargets were processed semantically as shown in Experiment 3...

..As a result, hemispheric differences were found only for the former cue type. The data thus show that the mere cue information does not produce hemispheric asymmetries associated with global/local target stimulus processing...

..Results indicated that nonoverlapping feedforward signals by primes and targets traverse the visuomotor system in a rapid chase, controlling associated motor responses in strict sequence...

..More broadly, the nature of the information being stored--not the nature of the operations performed on this information--may determine which subsystem stores the information...

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..Our results thus suggest that selection by color in a multiple-item display, where location and color information are independent from each other and equalized, is mediated by location information...

..These results raise doubts as to the generality of the contingent-orienting hypothesis and help to delineate the boundary conditions on this hypothesis...

..Together, our results suggest that distinctive faces are associated with greater processing efficiency and may be explained in terms of perceptual salience, a stimulus dimension known to attract attention...

..e., 3 short and 3 long durations). The compatibility effect between hand and duration was replicated, but followed a rectangular function of the duration. The shape of this function is discussed in relation to the specific task demands...

..Furthermore, perceptual sensitivity can be enhanced by nonspatial features, but only through a process related to bottom-up priming. These findings have important implications for models of visual selection...

..The timing of attentional cueing affected feature pairing reports as much as the timing of the features themselves...

..In that way, we propose that participants could automatically simulate the typical size as soon as they perceived the drawings of objects with homegenous sizes...

..The authors conclude that the content of VWM is volatile unless it receives focused attention, and that the standard change detection task underestimates VWM capacity...

..The results of two experiments support this account...

..The present paper summarizes and reflects on our current knowledge concerning synaesthesia in all its aspects (cognition, behaviour, neurology, genetics, and demographics)...

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..Overall, the two-stage-processing hypothesis gave the best account, with respect both to choice probabilities and to observed mean RTs and mean RT patterns within a choice pair...

..There were no statistically significant interactions between polarity and stimulus exposure duration for any of the lobe shape indexes used here...

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..We suggest that the RT delay associated with IOR may enable additional processing time and/or response selection when a task-relevant face is presented at the cued location...

..Overall, our findings show that a Simon-like effect can only be observed under conditions of explicit change detection, likely because a shift of attention towards the change location has occurred...

..These results demonstrate that the expression of IOR is modulated by the repetition of a target object, but only when the task requires the discrimination of that object; when no discrimination is required, IOR is unaffected...

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..This suggests an influence of strategic processing on the activation of both perceptual representations of faces and semantic representations of people...

..We argue that even early memory representations for pointing movements are influenced by visual information in the surrounding visual field...

..These results suggest that the misalignment effect may arise from both viewpoint realignment and response conflicts...

..The results are discussed with reference to the role of attentional set in exogenous spatial-cuing paradigms...

..The discussion centers on an opponent process approach to interpreting cuing effects, and consequent difficulties in distinguishing spatial and nonspatial cuing effects based on their time course...

..These results are discussed in terms of the combined roles of explicit object structure in the scene, past experience, and task set as contributing to the way in which information is organized and selected from a scene...

..cognitive and computer scientists might more successfully design intelligent systems that are capable of visual pattern recognition. The results could also promote the behavioral analysis of discrimination and generalization processes ..

..cognitive and computer scientists might more successfully design intelligent systems that are capable of visual pattern recognition. The results could also promote the behavioral analysis of discrimination and generalization processes ..

..pattern selectivity in IT - and hence to cast light on the nature of the neural machinery that underlies visual pattern recognition - is the aim of experiments described in this proposal. Three series of experiments will be carried out...

..pattern selectivity in IT - and hence to cast light on the nature of the neural machinery that underlies visual pattern recognition - is the aim of experiments described in this proposal. Three series of experiments will be carried out...

..These guidelines will lead to development of products and environments that allow elderly adults to remain more independent and to engage safely in more activities in their daily lives. ..

..In addition, the studies will demonstrate that perceptual processing abilities must be considered and either controlled for or manipulated in cognitive aging research. ..

..2) Individuals with GSP completing ADT will show a larger reduction in their self-report of social anxiety symptoms compared to the placebo group. ..

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..Thus, the proposed research will provide essential information for understanding conditions that involve deficits in the control of gaze. ..

..e., attention training and applied relaxation). ..

..Thus, the proposed research will provide essential information for understanding conditions that involve deficits in the control of gaze. ..

..2000) and 40% of individuals who present for treatment do not respond (39%, Heimberg, et al., 1998; 42%, Liebowitz et al., 2005). The goal of this project is develop and test a new computerized treatment for social phobia. ..

..Understanding of the basic neural mechanism can lead to enhanced clinical approaches, suggest alternate rehabilitative methods, and provide for better, more precise evaluations of visual health. ..

..The long-term goals of this project are to understand how the "new fovea" develops, and to understand the limiting factors and the potential for improving vision for people with macular disorders. ..

..It also should help to provide new ways to conceptualize debilitating memories in post-traumatic stress disorder (and some phobias) and to suggest new treatments for such afflictions. ..

..The relevance of this project is in developing new, effective interventions for restoring visual acuity and stereopsis in adults and children with amblyopia. ..

..Thus techniques from cognition, perception, statistical learning theory, and physiology together will reveal what is computed where, in the brain, when an observer identifies an object. ..

..We will also evaluate if letter feature integration is impaired in a group of observers with AMD. ..

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..Thus techniques from cognition, perception, statistical learning theory, and physiology together will reveal what is computed where, in the brain, when an observer identifies an object. ..

..Faces are by far the most socially significant class of visual stimuli that we perceive, and our results may shed new light on disorders of social cognition such as autism and social anxiety disorder. ..

..This information will therefore increase understanding of the relations among typical or atypical reproductive events (e.g., puberty, hormone deficiency, pregnancy) and cognition. ..

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..We will also evaluate if letter feature integration is impaired in a group of observers with AMD. ..

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..These simulations will then be used to make testable hypotheses and direct our collaboration with electrophysiologists and anatomists. ..

..Only by developing a better understanding of the nature of observer error, may we discover effective approaches to reducing the errors. ..

..An important feature of the training program is the strong representation of faculty with interests in translational research. ..

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..Thus, results from this study may help us to identify individuals who are high risk for an early relapse, and facilitate the development of smoking cessation interventions. ..

..Only by developing a better understanding of the nature of observer error, may we discover effective approaches to reducing the errors. ..

..declines in personal and relational well-being in stressful situations. ..

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