reinforcement schedule

Summary

Summary: A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice
    Joseph W Kable
    Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, New York 10003, USA
    Nat Neurosci 10:1625-33. 2007
  2. ncbi Enhancing effects of nicotine and impairing effects of scopolamine on distinct aspects of performance in computerized attention and working memory tasks in marmoset monkeys
    Simona Spinelli
    Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
    Neuropharmacology 51:238-50. 2006
  3. ncbi Lead exposure and dorsomedial striatum mediation of fixed interval schedule-controlled behavior
    Deborah A Cory-Slechta
    Samueli Institute for Informational Biology, Program on Neuroprotection, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
    Neurotoxicology 23:313-27. 2002
  4. ncbi The mGluR5 antagonist MPEP decreased nicotine self-administration in rats and mice
    Neil E Paterson
    Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN-7, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 167:257-64. 2003
  5. ncbi Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis
    S Kheramin
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 165:9-17. 2002
  6. ncbi Alcohol seeking by rats: action or habit?
    Anthony Dickinson
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
    Q J Exp Psychol B 55:331-48. 2002
  7. ncbi Schedule-controlled behavior in rats exposed perinatally to the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254
    M M Taylor
    Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
    Neurotoxicol Teratol 24:511-8. 2002
  8. ncbi Rats self-administer intravenous nicotine delivered in a novel smoking-relevant procedure: effects of dopamine antagonists
    Robert E Sorge
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 330:633-40. 2009
  9. ncbi Within-subject comparison of real and hypothetical money rewards in delay discounting
    Matthe W Johnson
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401 1419, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 77:129-46. 2002
  10. ncbi Delay-amount tradeoffs in choices by pigeons and rats: hyperbolic versus exponential discounting
    James E Mazur
    Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 91:197-211. 2009

Research Grants

  1. ANORECTIC DRUGS--ABUSE & BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF ACTION
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 1993
  2. Models for examining selective effects of pharmacotherapy on reinforced behaviors
    BRETT GINSBURG; Fiscal Year: 2007
  3. Translational Approach to Models in Relapse
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF COCAINE TOLERANCE
    MARC BRANCH; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. Behavioral economy to treat physical inactivity
    Alejandro Terrazas; Fiscal Year: 2006
  6. The neurobiology of human reinforcement learning throughout the lifespan
    ROBB RUTLEDGE; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. Behavioral Factors in Drug Tolerance
    MARC BRANCH; Fiscal Year: 2006
  8. BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF OPIOID TOLERANCE
    Alice Young; Fiscal Year: 1991
  9. BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF COCAINE TOLERANCE
    MARC BRANCH; Fiscal Year: 2001
  10. Translational Approach to Models in Relapse
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2009

Detail Information

Publications215 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice
    Joseph W Kable
    Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, New York 10003, USA
    Nat Neurosci 10:1625-33. 2007
    ..This similarity provides unambiguous evidence that the subjective value of potential rewards is explicitly represented in the human brain...
  2. ncbi Enhancing effects of nicotine and impairing effects of scopolamine on distinct aspects of performance in computerized attention and working memory tasks in marmoset monkeys
    Simona Spinelli
    Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
    Neuropharmacology 51:238-50. 2006
    ..These data are consistent with a dissociation of the roles of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the regulation of both sustained attention and working memory in primates...
  3. ncbi Lead exposure and dorsomedial striatum mediation of fixed interval schedule-controlled behavior
    Deborah A Cory-Slechta
    Samueli Institute for Informational Biology, Program on Neuroprotection, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
    Neurotoxicology 23:313-27. 2002
    ....
  4. ncbi The mGluR5 antagonist MPEP decreased nicotine self-administration in rats and mice
    Neil E Paterson
    Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN-7, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 167:257-64. 2003
    ..It is postulated that mGluR5 plays an essential role in mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, possibly but not exclusively, via modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission...
  5. ncbi Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis
    S Kheramin
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 165:9-17. 2002
    ....
  6. ncbi Alcohol seeking by rats: action or habit?
    Anthony Dickinson
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
    Q J Exp Psychol B 55:331-48. 2002
    ....
  7. ncbi Schedule-controlled behavior in rats exposed perinatally to the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254
    M M Taylor
    Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
    Neurotoxicol Teratol 24:511-8. 2002
    ..These data are inconsistent with previous findings and suggest that perinatal A1254 exposure in the rat does not disrupt temporally organized behavior...
  8. ncbi Rats self-administer intravenous nicotine delivered in a novel smoking-relevant procedure: effects of dopamine antagonists
    Robert E Sorge
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 330:633-40. 2009
    ..In conclusion, our new slow/low nicotine self-administration procedure, designed to better mimic smoking-associated nicotine intake, is pharmacologically distinct from the conventional fast delivery/high-dose procedure...
  9. ncbi Within-subject comparison of real and hypothetical money rewards in delay discounting
    Matthe W Johnson
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401 1419, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 77:129-46. 2002
    ..A hyperbolic decay model described the data better than an exponential model...
  10. ncbi Delay-amount tradeoffs in choices by pigeons and rats: hyperbolic versus exponential discounting
    James E Mazur
    Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 91:197-211. 2009
    ....
  11. ncbi Operant sensation seeking engages similar neural substrates to operant drug seeking in C57 mice
    Christopher M Olsen
    Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 0615, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 34:1685-94. 2009
    ..OSS may have predictive validity for screening compounds for use in the treatment of drug addiction. In addition, we also discuss the potential relevance of this animal model to the field of behavioral addictions...
  12. ncbi Effects of 8-OH-DPAT and WAY-100635 on performance on a time-constrained progressive-ratio schedule
    M-Y Ho
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 167:137-44. 2003
    ..The results are consistent with previous reports that 8-OH-DPAT facilitates feeding and food-reinforced operant responding in rats and suggest that these effects may be brought about by an increase in food motivation...
  13. ncbi Reinforcement value of sucrose measured by progressive ratio operant licking in the rat
    Anthony Sclafani
    Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate School, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210 2889, USA
    Physiol Behav 79:663-70. 2003
    ..These results are similar to those reported with PR lever-pressing tasks. Thus, PR operant licking, which requires minimal training and equipment, is a useful alternate measure of fluid reward in rodents...
  14. ncbi New operant model of nicotine-seeking behaviour in mice
    Elena Martin-Garcia
    Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12:343-56. 2009
    ..The validation of this new model of nicotine-seeking behaviour and reinstatement in mice provides an important tool to help clarify the genetic and neurochemical bases of nicotine addiction...
  15. ncbi Nucleus accumbens core lesions retard instrumental learning and performance with delayed reinforcement in the rat
    Rudolf N Cardinal
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
    BMC Neurosci 6:9. 2005
    ....
  16. ncbi The subthalamic nucleus exerts opposite control on cocaine and 'natural' rewards
    Christelle Baunez
    Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6155 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Provence, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
    Nat Neurosci 8:484-9. 2005
    ..Modulating the activity of the subthalamic nucleus might prove to be a new target for the treatment of cocaine addiction...
  17. ncbi A reliable method to study cue-, priming-, and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in mice
    Guadalupe Soria
    Laboratorio de Neurofarmacologia, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona, C Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 199:593-603. 2008
    ..The design of an appropriate reinstatement model in mice is required in order to use genetically modified animals with the aim of clarifying the mechanisms involved in cocaine relapse...
  18. ncbi Double dissociation of the effects of selective nucleus accumbens core and shell lesions on impulsive-choice behaviour and salience learning in rats
    Helen H J Pothuizen
    Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
    Eur J Neurosci 22:2605-16. 2005
    ....
  19. ncbi The misbehavior of value and the discipline of the will
    Peter Dayan
    Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, UCL, 17 Queen Square, London, UK
    Neural Netw 19:1153-60. 2006
    ..The misbehavior created by Pavlovian values can be quite debilitating; we discuss how it may be disciplined...
  20. ncbi Dissociation of the effects of MTEP [3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]piperidine] on conditioned reinstatement and reinforcement: comparison between cocaine and a conventional reinforcer
    R Martin-Fardon
    Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30 2120, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther 329:1084-90. 2009
    ..These observations identify mGluR5 as potential treatment targets for cocaine relapse prevention, although the profile of action of mGluR5 antagonists remains to be more closely examined for potential anhedonic effects...
  21. ncbi Effects of postnatal exposure of monkeys to a PCB mixture on spatial discrimination reversal and DRL performance
    D C Rice
    Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
    Neurotoxicol Teratol 20:391-400. 1998
    ....
  22. ncbi Sex differences in operant discrimination behaviour in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    D F Berger
    Department of Psychology, State University of New York College at Cortland, 13045, USA
    Behav Brain Res 94:73-82. 1998
    ..The present study strengthens the position of SHR as an animal model of ADHD for future studies that may elucidate details in the underlying neurobiological deficits and for testing various treatment strategies...
  23. ncbi Nucleus accumbens shell and core involvement in drug context-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats
    Rita A Fuchs
    Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, CB no 3270, Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 3270, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 200:545-56. 2008
    ..However, it is not known whether the NAC or its subregions are critical for reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior produced by re-exposure to a previously cocaine-paired environmental context...
  24. ncbi Nucleus accumbens lesions decrease sensitivity to rapid changes in the delay to reinforcement
    Ashley Acheson
    University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
    Behav Brain Res 173:217-28. 2006
    ..NAC lesions may disrupt the ability of the animals to predict the timing of delayed rewards when the delay to reward is changed frequently...
  25. ncbi Effect of postnatal exposure to a PCB mixture in monkeys on multiple fixed interval-fixed ratio performance
    D C Rice
    Toxicology Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Neurotoxicol Teratol 19:429-34. 1997
    ....
  26. ncbi Progressive-ratio schedules: effects of later schedule requirements on earlier performances
    A Baron
    Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 53201, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 73:291-304. 2000
    ..The results suggested that progressive-ratio pausing reflects the influence of remote as well as local contingencies...
  27. ncbi Effect of reinforcer magnitude on performance maintained by progressive-ratio schedules
    J F Rickard
    University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
    J Exp Anal Behav 91:75-87. 2009
    ..Implications of the results for the quantification of reinforcer value and for the use of progressive-ratio schedules in behavioral neuroscience are discussed...
  28. ncbi Dynamic response-by-response models of matching behavior in rhesus monkeys
    Brian Lau
    Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 84:555-79. 2005
    ....
  29. ncbi Effects of step size and break-point criterion on progressive-ratio performance
    D Stafford
    University of Florida, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 70:123-38. 1998
    ..This function also provided an excellent description of data drawn from previous reports...
  30. ncbi Interactive effects of the mGlu5 receptor antagonist MPEP and the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 on nicotine self-administration and reward deficits associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats
    Matthias E Liechti
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 554:164-74. 2007
    ....
  31. ncbi Quantitative analysis of the effects of some "atypical" and "conventional" antipsychotics on progressive ratio schedule performance
    Z Zhang
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 179:489-97. 2005
    ....
  32. ncbi Gestational exposure to methylmercury retards choice in transition in aging rats
    M Christopher Newland
    Experimental Psychology, Thach Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
    Neurotoxicol Teratol 26:179-94. 2004
    ..3-year-old offspring was maintained under various concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Thus, one reinforcement schedule maintained left-lever responding and a separate one maintained right-lever responding...
  33. ncbi Response inhibition during Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) schedules may be sensitive to low-level polychlorinated biphenyl, methylmercury, and lead exposure in children
    Paul W Stewart
    Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, USA
    Environ Health Perspect 114:1923-9. 2006
    ..The Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates task (DRL) has been shown to be especially sensitive to low-level PCB exposure in monkeys...
  34. ncbi Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule
    W A Corrigall
    Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 99:473-8. 1989
    ..These results demonstrate that intravenous nicotine can maintain substantial self-administration behavior in rodents...
  35. ncbi Non-linear dynamics of operant behavior: a new approach via the extended return map
    Jay Shake Li
    Institute of Physiological Psychology, Center for Biological and Medical Research, University of Dusseldorf, Germany
    Rev Neurosci 13:31-57. 2002
    ..This example demonstrated the ERM to be a useful tool for the analysis of IRT accompanying intermittent reinforcement schedules and for the study of the non-linear dynamics of operant behavior...
  36. ncbi Comparison of the effects of clozapine and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on progressive ratio schedule performance: evidence against the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the behavioural effects of clozapine
    Z Zhang
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 181:381-91. 2005
    ....
  37. ncbi Hyperbolic value addition and general models of animal choice
    J E Mazur
    Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, USA
    Psychol Rev 108:96-112. 2001
    ..Some results favor the hyperbolic value-added model and delay-reduction theory over the contextual-choice model, but more data are needed from choice situations for which the models make distinctly different predictions...
  38. ncbi Effect of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on performance on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement: implications for inter-temporal choice
    G Bezzina
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 197:339-50. 2008
    ..Recent evidence suggests that it is not crucial for determining the incentive value of immediately available reinforcers, but is important for maintaining the values of delayed reinforcers...
  39. ncbi Isolating behavioral mechanisms of intertemporal choice: nicotine effects on delay discounting and amount sensitivity
    Matthew L Locey
    Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
    J Exp Anal Behav 91:213-23. 2009
    ..In addition, it may be necessary to include an amount sensitivity parameter in any mathematical model of choice when the alternatives differ in reinforcer amount...
  40. ncbi Cocaine self-administration under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement: comparison of C57BL/6J, 129X1/SvJ, and 129S6/SvEvTac inbred mice
    Morgane Thomsen
    Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 184:145-54. 2006
    ..We suggest that comparable phenotypes observed in gene-targeting studies may result from genetic background, whereas more profound or qualitatively different phenotypes may be more confidently attributed to targeted mutations...
  41. ncbi Effects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on inter-temporal choice: further observations with an adjusting-delay procedure
    S da Costa Araújo
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen s Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
    Behav Brain Res 202:272-7. 2009
    ..The results are consistent with previous findings that indicate a role for the AcbC in delay discounting...
  42. ncbi Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis
    G Bezzina
    Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109 Medical School, Queen s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195:71-84. 2007
    ..It is not known whether this reflects an effect of the lesion on the rate of delay discounting, on sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude, or both...
  43. ncbi Hyperactivity and impulsiveness in rats fed diets supplemented with either Aroclor 1248 or PCB-contaminated St. Lawrence river fish
    D F Berger
    Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Cortland, PO Box 2000, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
    Behav Brain Res 126:1-11. 2001
    ..The results were interpreted in terms of the possible alterations in the animals' reinforcement mechanisms and the possible neurotoxic effects of PCB exposure...
  44. ncbi Interactions of the basolateral amygdala with the dorsal hippocampus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex regulate drug context-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats
    Rita A Fuchs
    Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, CB 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 3270, USA
    Eur J Neurosci 26:487-98. 2007
    ....
  45. ncbi Differential effects of nucleus accumbens core, shell, or dorsal striatal inactivations on the persistence, reacquisition, or reinstatement of responding for a drug-paired conditioned reinforcer
    Patricia Di Ciano
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    Neuropsychopharmacology 33:1413-25. 2008
    ..These results are discussed with reference to the neural systems involved in different aspects of responding maintained by drug-paired conditioned reinforcers...
  46. ncbi Hippocampal regulation of contextual cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior
    Alison L Atkins
    Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
    Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90:481-91. 2008
    ..The hippocampus is important for acquisition of the association between cocaine and context and in maintaining discrimination between cocaine-relevant and -irrelevant contextual cues...
  47. ncbi The role of prelimbic cortex in instrumental conditioning
    Laura H Corbit
    Department of Psychology and the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
    Behav Brain Res 146:145-57. 2003
    ....
  48. ncbi Dopamine neuronal responses in monkeys performing visually cued reward schedules
    Sabrina Ravel
    Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bldg 49, Rm 1B80, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Eur J Neurosci 24:277-90. 2006
    ..Thus, dopamine neurons seem to respond to behaviourally important, i.e. salient, events even when the events have been well-predicted...
  49. ncbi Subthalamic nucleus lesions increase impulsive action and decrease impulsive choice - mediation by enhanced incentive motivation?
    Jason M Uslaner
    Biopsychology and Neuroscience Programs, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, East Hall, 525 E University Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48019 1109, USA
    Eur J Neurosci 24:2345-54. 2006
    ..These findings suggest that the STN may serve as a novel target for the treatment of psychological disorders characterized by deficits in behavioral control, such as drug addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder...
  50. ncbi Self-stimulating rats combine subjective reward magnitude and subjective reward rate multiplicatively
    M I Leon
    Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 24:265-77. 1998
    ....
  51. ncbi Second-order schedules of drug reinforcement in rats and monkeys: measurement of reinforcing efficacy and drug-seeking behaviour
    B J Everitt
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 153:17-30. 2000
    ....
  52. ncbi The effects of psychotomimetics and psychomotor stimulants on two schedules promoting response switching in the rat
    John Evenden
    Department of Neuroscience, CNS Discovery, AstraZeneca R and D Wilmington, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE 19850, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 163:381-90. 2002
    ..Normalising these is one of the objects of antipsychotic therapy, and methods for predicting such a therapeutic effect would be of value...
  53. ncbi Acquisition of nicotine self-administration in adolescent rats given prolonged access to the drug
    Hao Chen
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 32:700-9. 2007
    ..However, adolescent females acquired the behavior more rapidly and attained higher levels of stable nicotine SA than adults...
  54. ncbi The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces the reinforcing effects of Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in squirrel monkeys
    Zuzana Justinova
    Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 173:186-94. 2004
    ..These findings demonstrate for the first time the modulation of the reinforcing effects of THC by an opioid antagonist in a non-human primate model of marijuana abuse...
  55. ncbi Effects of aripiprazole on operant responding for a natural reward after psychostimulant withdrawal in rats
    Kerstin Schwabe
    Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, MHH, Carl Neuberg Str 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191:759-65. 2007
    ..Withdrawal from repeated amphetamine administration has been shown to decrease the motivation to work for a natural reward in rats, a phenomenon thought to be associated with hypofunction of the mesolimbic dopamine system...
  56. ncbi Effects of the selective delta opioid agonist SNC80 on cocaine- and food-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys
    Gail Pereira Do Carmo
    Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 547:92-100. 2006
    ..These findings indicate that SNC80 produced dose-dependent and non-selective reductions in cocaine self-administration. These results suggest that SNC80 is unlikely to be useful as a treatment for cocaine dependence...
  57. ncbi Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonism by SB-277011A attenuates cocaine reinforcement as assessed by progressive-ratio and variable-cost-variable-payoff fixed-ratio cocaine self-administration in rats
    Zheng-Xiong Xi
    Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Eur J Neurosci 21:3427-38. 2005
    ..If these results extrapolate to humans, SB-277011A or similar selective DA D(3) receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of cocaine addiction...
  58. ncbi Administration of the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride into the shell, but not the core, of the nucleus accumbens attenuates cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking
    Sharon M Anderson
    Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1452-61. 2006
    ..Collectively, these findings indicate that activation of D2 dopamine receptors mediates cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in a region-specific manner within the nucleus accumbens...
  59. ncbi Unreinforced responding during limited access to heroin self-administration
    Erin Cummins
    Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada N1G 2W1
    Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90:420-7. 2008
    ..This suggests that acquisition of heroin self-administration is regulated by a balance between drug effects that promote and limit heroin intake...
  60. ncbi Relationship between rate of drug uptake in brain and behavioral pharmacology of monoamine transporter inhibitors in rhesus monkeys
    Heather L Kimmel
    Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90:453-62. 2008
    ..Collectively, these results indicate that the rate of drug entry in brain can play an important role in the behavioral pharmacology of psychomotor stimulants...
  61. ncbi Suppression of alcohol self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 and the mGlu8 receptor agonist (S)-3,4-DCPG
    Pia Bäckström
    Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, P O Box 33, FI 00251 Helsinki, Finland
    Eur J Pharmacol 528:110-8. 2005
    ..The results suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptors may have a role in the modulation of alcohol seeking and self-administration. However, further studies with ligands with fewer motor-suppressant side effects are needed...
  62. ncbi Effects of priming injections of MDMA and cocaine on reinstatement of MDMA- and cocaine-seeking in rats
    Susan Schenk
    Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, Wellington, New Zealand
    Drug Alcohol Depend 96:249-55. 2008
    ..These findings show that extinguished MDMA self-administration, like self-administration of other drugs of abuse, can be reinstated by exposure to psychostimulants thereby precipitating relapse...
  63. ncbi Previous exposure to THC alters the reinforcing efficacy and anxiety-related effects of cocaine in rats
    Leigh V Panlilio
    Department of Health and Human Services, Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 32:646-57. 2007
    ..This enhanced anxiogenic effect-which was verified in Experiment 3 using another model of anxiety, the light-dark test-may explain the reduced reinforcing value of cocaine observed in THC-exposed rats in Experiment 1...
  64. ncbi The novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonist NGB 2904 inhibits cocaine's rewarding effects and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in rats
    Zheng Xiong Xi
    Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1393-405. 2006
    ..Owing to these properties and to its lack of rewarding effects (as assessed by BSR and by substitution during drug self-administration), NGB 2904 merits further investigation as a potential agent for treatment of cocaine addiction...
  65. ncbi Previous exposure to cocaine enhances cocaine self-administration in an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor dependent manner
    Xiang Yang Zhang
    Division of Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, VA CT Hospital System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 32:638-45. 2007
    ..These data, along with several recent studies, show further support for the contribution of noradrenergic transmission in the behavioral effects of cocaine...
  66. ncbi Cocaine self-administration selectively abolishes LTD in the core of the nucleus accumbens
    Miquel Martin
    Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, 5858 Horton Street, Suite 200, Emeryville, California 94608, USA
    Nat Neurosci 9:868-9. 2006
    ....
  67. ncbi Operant responding for conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers in rats is differentially enhanced by the primary reinforcing and reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine
    Nadia Chaudhri
    Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 189:27-36. 2006
    ....
  68. ncbi Effects of estradiol on cocaine self-administration and cocaine discrimination by female rhesus monkeys
    Nancy K Mello
    Department of Psychiatry, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 33:783-95. 2008
    ..Taken together, these data suggest that over the dose range studied, estradiol administration does not consistently alter the abuse-related effects of cocaine in female rhesus monkeys...
  69. ncbi Augmented acquisition of cocaine self-administration and altered brain glucose metabolism in adult female but not male rats exposed to a cannabinoid agonist during adolescence
    Alejandro Higuera-Matas
    Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
    Neuropsychopharmacology 33:806-13. 2008
    ..This increased susceptibility could be related to the changes in brain metabolic activity induced by cannabinoids during adolescence...
  70. ncbi Effects of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline on the behavioral effects of cocaine in rats
    M Filip
    Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
    J Physiol Pharmacol 58:625-39. 2007
    ..Moreover, a dissociation between effects of 1MeTIQ on cocaine vs. food-maintained responding was demonstrated...
  71. ncbi Effects of the CRF receptor antagonist D-Phe CRF(12-41) and the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine on stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats
    George Zislis
    University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
    Neuropharmacology 53:958-66. 2007
    ..These data provide support for the hypothesis that an increased activity of brain CRF and norepinephrine systems mediates stress-induced relapse to nicotine-seeking behavior...
  72. ncbi A behavioral economic analysis of cocaine and remifentanil self-administration in rhesus monkeys
    Tammy Wade-Galuska
    Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 0632, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 194:563-72. 2007
    ..Behavioral economics can be used to evaluate the relative reinforcing effectiveness of drugs and the economic interaction between drugs, information which may help to explain patterns of polydrug abuse in humans...
  73. ncbi Conditioned reinforcement in rats established with self-administered nicotine and enhanced by noncontingent nicotine
    Matthew I Palmatier
    Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3137 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195:235-43. 2007
    ..We have proposed that the reinforcement derived from these conditional stimuli can be inflated by a nonassociative "reinforcement-enhancing" effect of nicotine...
  74. ncbi Cross-sensitization of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and amphetamine in rats
    Yu Liu
    Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195:369-75. 2007
    ..There is a relative paucity of studies examining whether cross-sensitization occurs between amphetamine and cocaine when both are self-administered...
  75. ncbi Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists attenuate cocaine's rewarding effects: experiments with self-administration and brain-stimulation reward in rats
    Zheng Xiong Xi
    Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 33:1735-45. 2008
    ..lowered (by 30-70%) the break point for cocaine self-administration under a progressive-ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule in rats...
  76. ncbi Impulsive choice and impulsive action predict vulnerability to distinct stages of nicotine seeking in rats
    Leontien Diergaarde
    Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Biol Psychiatry 63:301-8. 2008
    ..Although heavy smoking has been associated with impulsivity in humans, it is not clear whether poor impulse control represents a risk factor in the etiology of nicotine dependence...
  77. ncbi Lobeline attenuates progressive ratio breakpoint scores for intracranial self-stimulation in rats
    Paul J Wellman
    Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 4235, USA
    Physiol Behav 93:952-7. 2008
    ..0 mg/kg cocaine, a dose that is sufficient to elevate locomotion in the rat. These results are consistent with the view that lobeline modulates brain reinforcement processes...
  78. ncbi Drug seeking under a second-order schedule of reinforcement depends on dopamine D3 receptors in the basolateral amygdala
    Patricia Di Ciano
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
    Behav Neurosci 122:129-39. 2008
    ..These results show that the control over drug seeking by conditioned reinforcers depends on D3 receptor-dependent dopamine transmission in the amygdala...
  79. ncbi Nicotine self-administration, extinction responding and reinstatement in adolescent and adult male rats: evidence against a biological vulnerability to nicotine addiction during adolescence
    Megan J Shram
    Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
    Neuropsychopharmacology 33:739-48. 2008
    ....
  80. ncbi Long-term cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio and second-order schedules in monkeys
    Paul W Czoty
    Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, 546 NRC, Winston Salem, NC 27157 1083, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191:287-95. 2007
    ..Studies in rodents have demonstrated that increased access to cocaine can result in increases in drug intake per unit time...
  81. ncbi Sex and menstrual cycle effects on progressive ratio measures of cocaine self-administration in cynomolgus monkeys
    Nancy K Mello
    Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 32:1956-66. 2007
    ....
  82. ncbi Faster onset and dopamine transporter selectivity predict stimulant and reinforcing effects of cocaine analogs in squirrel monkeys
    Heather L Kimmel
    Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
    Pharmacol Biochem Behav 86:45-54. 2007
    ..Hence, there was a general trend for compounds that had a faster onset and/or DAT selectivity to produce significant behavioral-stimulant and reinforcing effects...
  83. ncbi Effects of serotonin 5-HT1B receptor ligands on the cocaine- and food-maintained self-administration in rats
    Edmund Przegalinski
    Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31 343 Krakow, 12 Smetna, Poland
    Eur J Pharmacol 559:165-72. 2007
    ..Furthermore, we demonstrated that 5-HT1B receptor agonist-induced enhancement of cocaine reward was independent of an alteration in natural reinforcement...
  84. ncbi Influence of sex, estrous cycle, and drug-onset age on cocaine self-administration in rats (Rattus norvegicus)
    Kathleen M Kantak
    Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 15:37-47. 2007
    ..0-mg/kg unit dose and low FR) may be useful for evaluating potential sex or age differences in the consequences of cocaine self-administration more reliably, as cocaine intake would not be an uncontrolled factor...
  85. ncbi Effects of the selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A on the reinforcing effects of nicotine as measured by a progressive-ratio schedule in rats
    Jason T Ross
    Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, 914 South 8th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
    Eur J Pharmacol 559:173-9. 2007
    ....
  86. ncbi High-dose methadone maintenance in rats: effects on cocaine self-administration and behavioral side effects
    Francesco Leri
    Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada NIG 2WI
    Neuropsychopharmacology 32:2290-300. 2007
    ..Taken together, these results from studies in rats support the usefulness of larger doses of methadone to reduce severe cocaine abuse in opioid-dependent individuals and possibly in the management of pure-cocaine addiction...
  87. ncbi A critical transition in cocaine self-administration: behavioral and neurobiological implications
    Amandine Zittel Lazarini
    Laboratoire de Neuropsychobiologie, University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, CNRS UMR 5227, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 192:337-46. 2007
    ..This hypothesis predicts that the dose-injection function of each subject individually should be a decreasing function, with no initial, gradual ascending limb...
  88. ncbi Levo-tetrahydropalmatine inhibits cocaine's rewarding effects: experiments with self-administration and brain-stimulation reward in rats
    Zheng Xiong Xi
    Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropharmacology 53:771-82. 2007
    ..Together, the present data, combined with previous findings, support the potential use of l-THP for treatment of cocaine addiction...
  89. ncbi Increases in the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine after particular histories of reinforcement
    D Morgan
    Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157 1083, USA
    Behav Pharmacol 13:389-96. 2002
    ..Thus, the type of self-administration history and the length of deprivation experienced contribute to changes in the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine as measured by a PR schedule...
  90. ncbi Intravenous self-administration of morphine and cocaine: a comparative study
    Pawel Mierzejewski
    Department of Pharmacology and Physiology of the Nervous System, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, PL 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
    Pol J Pharmacol 55:713-26. 2003
    ..These differences between self-administration patterns of morphine and cocaine may provide significant information about the nature of drug reinforcement and dependence...
  91. ncbi Previous exposure to psychostimulants enhances the reinstatement of cocaine seeking by nucleus accumbens AMPA
    Nobuyoshi Suto
    Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 29:2149-59. 2004
    ..These results indicate that both noncontingent (AMPH) and contingent (cocaine) exposure to psychostimulants enhances the reinstatement of cocaine seeking by NAcc AMPA and appears to do so in a time-dependent manner...
  92. ncbi Hippocampal memory system function and the regulation of cocaine self-administration behavior in rats
    Yolanda D Black
    Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, 64 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Behav Brain Res 151:225-38. 2004
    ....
  93. ncbi Exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases subsequent heroin taking but not heroin's reinforcing efficacy: a self-administration study in rats
    M Solinas
    Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 29:1301-11. 2004
    ....
  94. ncbi The effects of nucleus accumbens core and shell lesions on intravenous heroin self-administration and the acquisition of drug-seeking behaviour under a second-order schedule of heroin reinforcement
    D M Hutcheson
    Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 153:464-72. 2001
    ..CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate an important role for the core of the NAcc in the acquisition of heroin-seeking behaviour under the control of drug-associated stimuli...
  95. ncbi Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in rats
    Fair M Vassoler
    Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
    J Neurosci 28:8735-9. 2008
    ..Together, these results suggest that DBS of the nucleus accumbens shell may be a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of severe cocaine addiction...
  96. ncbi Injection of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 into the ventral tegmental area reduces cocaine-induced locomotor activity and cocaine self-administration
    Paul J Fletcher
    Section of Biopsychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Neuropsychopharmacology 29:308-18. 2004
    ..These effects complement electrophysiological and neurochemical findings, and indicate that 5-HT(2C) receptors localized within the VTA modulate the activity of mesolimbic DA neurons...
  97. ncbi The ascending limb of the cocaine dose-response curve for reinforcing effect in rhesus monkeys
    Graham S Flory
    Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 166:91-4. 2003
    ..0015(b) mg/kg per injection than at higher doses demonstrates that satiety was not the mechanism by which cocaine intake was regulated on the ascending limb of the dose-response curve...
  98. ncbi Modeling the effects of fluoxetine on food-reinforced behavior
    Federico Sanabria
    Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 1104, USA
    Behav Pharmacol 19:61-70. 2008
    ..These results support the use of MPR parameter a to index incentive motivation using multiple fixed-ratio schedules that are adjusted to individual performance...
  99. ncbi Basolateral amygdala lesions impair both cue- and cocaine-induced reinstatement in animals trained on a discriminative stimulus task
    I A Yun
    Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
    Neuroscience 121:747-57. 2003
    ....
  100. ncbi Effects of chronic d-amphetamine treatment on cocaine- and food-maintained responding under a second-order schedule in rhesus monkeys
    S Stevens Negus
    Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 70:39-52. 2003
    ....
  101. ncbi The GABAB agonist baclofen modifies cocaine self-administration in rats
    M Shoaib
    Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    Behav Pharmacol 9:195-206. 1998
    ..tested repeatedly for 5 days decreased the number of cocaine injections self-administered. The present findings demonstrate that modulation of GABA systems may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychomotor stimulant abuse...

Research Grants120 found, 100 shown here

  1. ANORECTIC DRUGS--ABUSE & BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF ACTION
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..g., effects on meal size and patterning. Such information will be useful both in evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and in understanding the basic processes involved in eating behavior...
  2. Models for examining selective effects of pharmacotherapy on reinforced behaviors
    BRETT GINSBURG; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This project will clarify important factors involved in studies of alcohol effects and potential medications for alcoholics. ..
  3. Translational Approach to Models in Relapse
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  4. BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF COCAINE TOLERANCE
    MARC BRANCH; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Understanding of the processes that occur under long-term, intermittent exposure should facilitate the development of effective treatment and, especially, prevention programs. ..
  5. Behavioral economy to treat physical inactivity
    Alejandro Terrazas; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..The embedded processors enable the implementation of an individually-tailored reinforcement schedule allowing the user to begin an exercise program at their appropriate fitness level and progress ..
  6. The neurobiology of human reinforcement learning throughout the lifespan
    ROBB RUTLEDGE; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..elderly subjects matches the predictions of animal reinforcement learning models in a task with a dynamic reinforcement schedule and to identify any age-related changes in reinforcement learning that might stem from normal age-related ..
  7. Behavioral Factors in Drug Tolerance
    MARC BRANCH; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Understanding of the processes that occur under long-term, intermittent exposure should facilitate the development of effective treatment and, especially, prevention programs. ..
  8. BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF OPIOID TOLERANCE
    Alice Young; Fiscal Year: 1991
    ..A third group of experiments will evaluate the contributions of the behavioral demands imposed by the reinforcement schedule to the development and maintenance of tolerance to the rate-altering and discriminative stimulus ..
  9. BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF COCAINE TOLERANCE
    MARC BRANCH; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..Understanding of the processes that occur under long-term, intermittent exposure should facilitate the development of effective treatment and, especially, prevention programs. ..
  10. Translational Approach to Models in Relapse
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  11. Anorectic Drugs: Abuse and Behavioral Mechanisms of Action
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..These studies will provide insight into both food abuse and drug abuse, and possible mechanisms mediating these two major health problems. ..
  12. ANORECTIC DRUGS: ABUSE & BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF ACTION
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..A better understanding of the neuropharmacological systems that are involved in motivation will be an asset in the development of drugs that affect eating behavior and other appetitive behaviors, including drug abuse. ..
  13. Translational Approach to Models in Relapse
    Richard W Foltin; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  14. LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF COCAINE ABSTINENCE
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  15. IV COCAINE ABUSE TREATMENT: A LABORATORY MODEL
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  16. Anorectic Drugs: Abuse and Behavioral Mechanisms of Action
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These studies will provide insight into both food abuse and drug abuse, and possible mechanisms mediating these two major health problems. ..
  17. IV COCAINE ABUSE TREATMENT--A LABORATORY MODEL
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..The data collected will suggest more efficacious approaches to treating cocaine abusers. ..
  18. LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF COCAINE ABSTINENCE
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..The proposed studies will provide data relevant to the behavioral and neurochemical mechanisms impacting the likelihood of relapse to cocaine use. ..
  19. ANORECTIC DRUGS--ABUSE AND BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF ACTI
    RICHARD FOLTIN; Fiscal Year: 1999
    ..The possibility that these three drug effects can be differentiated pharmacologically holds promise for understanding drug self-administration, food intake and the complex interaction between behavior maintained by these commodities. ..
  20. Neurobiology and Treatment of Pain
    SIDNEY NEGUS; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  21. Medications Development for Stimulant Abuse
    SIDNEY NEGUS; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..These studies may contribute to both (a) more effective implementation of existing monoamine releasers as agonist medications, and (b) the development of safer medications with reduced abuse liability. ..
  22. NOVEL DELTA OPIOIDS--ANALGESIC EFFECTS & ABUSE LIABILITY
    SIDNEY NEGUS; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ....
  23. Novel Delta Opioids: Analgesic Effects & Abuse Liability
    SIDNEY NEGUS; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  24. Behavioral Effects of Neuroactive Steroids
    LISA GERAK; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Such information could ultimately lead to improved treatment of a variety of conditions, including alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence. ..
  25. MOLECULAR VARIABLES AFFECTING CHOICE BEHAVIOR
    JAMES MAZUR; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  26. Transporter maintenance of dopamine homeostasis
    CLARE WILHELM; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ....