cognition

..Most critically, this work has called attention to the importance of intrinsic functional activity in assessing brain behavior relationships...

..Our findings also provide insight into how this network is modulated by task demands and what functions it might subserve...

..The second study implements a feedback loop connecting conflict monitoring to cognitive control, using this to simulate a number of important behavioral phenomena...

..We review neurophysiological, neurobiological, neuroimaging, and computational studies that support this theory and discuss its implications as well as further issues to be addressed..

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..These results suggest that it is important to recognize both the unity and diversity of executive functions and that latent variable analysis is a useful approach to studying the organization and roles of executive functions...

..Recent research has also begun to shed light on the larger function of the ACC, suggesting some new possibilities concerning how conflict monitoring might fit into the cingulate's overall role in cognition and action.

..Most important fitness training was found to have robust but selective benefits for cognition, with the largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes...

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..Implications for cognition, neuroscience, evolution, development, and artificial intelligence are explored.

Grounded cognition rejects traditional views that cognition is computation on amodal symbols in a modular system, independent of the brain's modal systems for perception, action, and introspection...

..It then focuses on methodologic issues that are important when attempting to elucidate the neural underpinnings of cognitive reserve using imaging studies, and reviews some of our group's work in order to demonstrate these issues...

An understanding of how the human brain produces cognition ultimately depends on knowledge of large-scale brain organization...

..This review focuses on oscillations in the cerebral cortex that occur during cognition, in alert behaving conditions...

An important shift is taking place in social cognition research, away from a focus on the individual mind and toward embodied and participatory aspects of social understanding...

..of human minds to wander, little is known about the neural operations that support this core component of human cognition. Using both thought sampling and brain imaging, the current investigation demonstrated that mind-wandering is ..

..Such results have been interpreted as indicating that concepts, and important aspects of cognition more broadly, are embodied. That conclusion does not follow from the empirical evidence...

..Neurophysiological, anatomical, and brain-imaging data strongly argue for a major role of prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and the areas that connect to them, in creating the postulated brain-scale workspace...

..This suggests that the ACC detects conditions under which errors are likely to occur rather than errors themselves...

..Lateral and orbitofrontal divisions of prefrontal cortex are involved in subsequently implementing appropriate adjustments...

..This result holds even if the comparisons are not independent. We suggest that the revised test proposed here is the appropriate means for conjunction inference in neuroimaging...

..This provides a unifying account of a wealth of experimental evidence about the factors favoring dominance by either system...

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..The results support an unified modular model of cognitive control that describes the overall functional organization of the human lateral PFC and has basic methodological and theoretical implications...

..Unfair offers elicited activity in brain areas related to both emotion (anterior insula) and cognition (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)...

A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed ..

..Finally, we consider a potential fourth executive function: selective attention to features of a stimulus to be stored in WM, which leads to increased probability of activating the medial prefrontal cortex (BA 32) in storage tasks...

..We propose that inter-individual differences can be used as a source of information to link human behaviour and cognition to brain anatomy.

..Although improvements were observed in every one of the cognitive tasks that were trained, no evidence was found for transfer effects to untrained tasks, even when those tasks were cognitively closely related...

..A similar mechanism, but involving the activation of viscero-motor centers, underlies the experiential understanding of the emotions of others...

..Several mechanisms are proposed that allow individuals to share representations, to predict actions, and to integrate predicted effects of own and others' actions...

..Our findings point to a focal neuroanatomical substrate for introspective ability, a substrate distinct from that supporting primary perception...

..Many observational studies have shown that physical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline; however, evidence from randomized trials is lacking...

There is much interest currently in using functional neuroimaging techniques to understand better the nature of cognition. One particular practice that has become common is 'reverse inference', by which the engagement of a particular ..

..The contribution of this paradigm has been significant and will likely continue to advance knowledge across diverse fields within psychology and neuroscience...

..accompanied by disruptive alterations in the coordination of large-scale brain systems that support high-level cognition. In 93 adults aged 18 to 93, we demonstrate that aging is characterized by marked reductions in normally present ..

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..Based on these factors, a theory is proposed for DA's action in PFC. This theory suggests that DA acts to expand or contract the breadth of information held in working memory buffers in PFC networks...

The emerging viewpoint of embodied cognition holds that cognitive processes are deeply rooted in the body's interactions with the world...

..To investigate the efficacy of a novel brain plasticity-based computerized cognitive training program in older adults and to evaluate the effect on untrained measures of memory and attention and participant-reported outcomes...

Working memory is a key function for human cognition, dependent on adequate dopamine neurotransmission...

..However, few studies have addressed whether improving cognitive functions might have short- or long-term effects on activities related to living independently...

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..These data suggest that increased cardiovascular fitness can affect improvements in the plasticity of the aging human brain, and may serve to reduce both biological and cognitive senescence in humans...

..Our findings have important implications for a unified view of network mechanisms underlying both exogenous and endogenous cognitive control...

..Our approach provides a framework for the readout of fine-tuned representations in the human brain and their subjective contents...

We propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality...

This meta-analysis explores the location and function of brain areas involved in social cognition, or the capacity to understand people's behavioral intentions, social beliefs, and personality traits...

..The overfunctioning of brain regions typically involved in primary perceptual functions may explain the autistic perceptual endophenotype...

..This finding highlights the importance of incorporating emotional processes within models of human choice and suggests how the brain may modulate the effect of these biasing influences to approximate rationality...

..The data must then be analyzed and presented in a way that allows different studies to be compared readily. This paper presents guidelines for recording ERPs and criteria for publishing the results...

..Two of the fundamental executive processes are selective attention and task management. Both processes activate the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex...

Recent data identify distinct components of social cognition associated with five brain regions. In posterior temporal cortex, the extrastriate body area is associated with perceiving the form of other human bodies...

..The significant loss of proliferating SGZ cells and their progeny suggests a contributory role of reduced neurogenesis in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced cognitive impairments...

..The available evidence and these models point to new principles governing the development of the next generation of cholinergic treatments for cognitive disorders...

..Given the established relationship between WM and higher cognition, these successful training studies have led to speculation that WM training may yield broad cognitive benefits...

..This article examines the role that neuroscience can play when examining whether the psychological concept of active inhibition can be meaningfully applied in cognitive control research...

..This study indicates that the neuroanatomical expression of intelligence in children is dynamic...

..These findings suggest that the neural basis of altered cognition in autism entails a lower degree of integration of information across certain cortical areas resulting from ..

..I found the frontal lobe hypothesis to perform well, with the exception of an inability to account for age-related declines in item recall and recognition memory, possibly a result of age-related declines in medial temporal function...

..The results indicate that transient coupling between low- and high-frequency brain rhythms coordinates activity in distributed cortical areas, providing a mechanism for effective communication during cognitive processing in humans...

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Normal aging is associated with progressive functional losses in perception, cognition, and memory...

..For example, the theory assumes that creative problem solving is improved, in part, because increased dopamine release in the anterior cingulate improves cognitive flexibility and facilitates the selection of cognitive perspective...

This article reviews a diverse set of proposals for dual processing in higher cognition within largely disconnected literatures in cognitive and social psychology...

..cortex, at the junction with the posterior temporal cortex, plays a critical role in various aspects of social cognition such as theory of mind and empathy...

..Cognitive training has been shown to improve cognitive abilities in older adults but the effects of cognitive training on everyday function have not been demonstrated...

..We propose that these frontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize utility on both short and long timescales...

..We focus on the visual modality for which components with frontocentral and more posterior scalp distributions can be readily distinguished...

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..The speed of recovery of the animals underscores the acutely reversible nature of the cognitive deficits associated with transgenic models of AD...

..Consequently, many assume that default network activity is suppressed during goal-directed cognition. We challenge this assumption in an fMRI study of planning...

..The frontoparietal control system is therefore anatomically positioned to integrate information from these two opposing brain systems...

..period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood or aging, has an impact on brain structures involved in cognition and mental health...

..Here, we describe the human intelligence phenotype, summarise the evidence for its heritability, provide an overview of and comment on molecular genetic studies, and comment on future progress in the field...

..We propose that cerebellar dysfunction may induce deregulation of tonic thalamic tuning, which disrupts gating of the mnemonic temporal information generated in the basal ganglia through striato-thalamo-cortical loops...

..functional connectivity analyses indicated that the value signal in VMPFC might integrate inputs from networks, including the anterior insula and posterior superior temporal cortex, that are thought to be involved in social cognition.

..Wied had a fundamental interest in the brain and behaviour, with a particular interest in the interface between cognition and emotion, and how impairments at this interface could underlie human psychopathology...

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..Further research will determine whether early differences in number sense acuity affect later maths learning, whether maths education enhances number sense acuity, and the extent to which tertiary factors can affect both...

..concrete processing) adopted during RT. Of the existing models of RT, it is proposed that an elaborated version of the control theory account provides the best theoretical framework to account for its distinct consequences...

..We propose that activation of this neural network positively reinforces reciprocal altruism, thereby motivating subjects to resist the temptation to selfishly accept but not reciprocate favors...

..We used the temporal resolution of this technique to examine the dynamics of regional activation, and to show that prefrontal cortex along with parietal cortex appears to play a role in active maintenance...

..Thus, exercise could provide a simple means to maintain brain function and promote brain plasticity...

..Spine dynamics are also implicated in long-term memory and cognition: intrinsic fluctuations in volume can explain synapse maintenance over long periods, and rapid, activity-..

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..Popular examples are the amygdala in the domain of emotion and the lateral prefrontal cortex in the case of cognition. This prevalent view is problematic for a number of reasons...

As critical as waking brain function is to cognition, an extensive literature now indicates that sleep supports equally important, different yet complementary operations...

..Hence, automatic processing of unconscious stimuli is susceptible to top-down control for optimizing goal-related information processing...

..Both intention and agency result from the brain processes for predictive motor control, not merely from retrospective inference...

..These results support a more general error-likelihood theory of ACC function based on reinforcement learning, of which conflict and error detection are special cases...

..These aspects help to clarify the amygdala's contributions to recognizing emotion from faces, to social behavior toward conspecifics, and to reward learning and instrumental behavior...

..Finally, we consider open directions for future research into left VLPFC function and the cognitive control of memory...

Traditional approaches to the study of cognition emphasize an information-processing view that has generally excluded emotion...

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..Distinctions among these frameworks are considered as a basis for future research...

..Finally, we consider how aberrant epigenetic modifications may lead to cognitive disorders that affect learning and memory, and we review the therapeutic potential of epigenetic treatments for the amelioration of these conditions...

..We argue that the extent of the timing "network" has been significantly over-estimated in the past and that only these three relatively small regions can safely be regarded as being directly concerned with duration judgements...

..Taken together, the results suggest a functional architecture for the cognitive control of emotion that dovetails with findings from other human and nonhuman research on emotion...

..whom are in the Psychology Department, and are internationally recognized for their expertise in the modeling of cognition; they have contributed some of the major models of cognition in the field, also many important methodological ..

..We use the vulnerability model of cancer survivorship to describe systemic therapy effects on cognition over a 12 month period, test associations between cognition and quality of life and to evaluate whether APOE ..

..We use the vulnerability model of cancer survivorship to describe systemic therapy effects on cognition over a 12 month period, test associations between cognition and quality of life and to evaluate whether APOE ..

..The specific aim of this project is to adapt existing measures of social cognition for reliable and valid use in neurodegenerative diseases...

..The specific aim of this project is to adapt existing measures of social cognition for reliable and valid use in neurodegenerative diseases...

..Delirium and Apolipoprotein Delirium, a disturbance is consciousness with inattention accompanied by a change in cognition or perceptual disturbances, is a common occurrence in hospitalized patients in and out of the ICU...

..among boys with FXS, DS, and TD; and c) identify potential mechanisms (anxiety/arousal, motor speech, nonverbal cognition, attention) that may account for anticipated group differences in speech intelligibility among boys with FXS and ..

..among boys with FXS, DS, and TD; and c) identify potential mechanisms (anxiety/arousal, motor speech, nonverbal cognition, attention) that may account for anticipated group differences in speech intelligibility among boys with FXS and ..

..Few previous studies of cognition investigated the interaction between vitamin B12 status and folate status, and most that looked at the main- ..

..Few previous studies of cognition investigated the interaction between vitamin B12 status and folate status, and most that looked at the main- ..

Deficits in cognition and working memory accompany several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Effective treatment of these symptoms is of paramount importance for full recovery and for improving medication compliance...

..of the proposed project is to explore the role of the epigenome in modulating the effect of life experiences on cognition and dementia in older persons...

..of the proposed project is to explore the role of the epigenome in modulating the effect of life experiences on cognition and dementia in older persons...

..Data regarding the effects of statins on cognition are discrepant, although randomized clinical trials have shown either no effect of statins on cognition or even ..

..classical conditioning model in rabbits will be used to identify sites of action and possible mechanisms for cognition enhancing drugs...

..older people are more interdependent than younger people and (2) as a consequence, they become more holistic in cognition, and (3) in part as a result of more holistic thinking, they become wiser in some respects...

The amygdala, a sexually differentiated brain structure intimately involved in emotions, cognition, social behavior, and sexuality, is particularly important in monkeys for recognizing and responding to social context and danger...

The amygdala, a sexually differentiated brain structure intimately involved in emotions, cognition, social behavior, and sexuality, is particularly important in monkeys for recognizing and responding to social context and danger...

The amygdala, a sexually differentiated brain structure intimately involved in emotions, cognition, social behavior, and sexuality, is particularly important in monkeys for recognizing and responding to social context and danger...

Non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD) such as deficient sensation, perception, and cognition are a source of a significant decline in everyday function and quality of life...

..a unique, sex hormone-deficient model in which to study the biological effects of androgen treatment on cognition and behavior in females...

Adolescence is a distinct developmental period during which 'executive' control over behavior and cognition improves towards mature, adult levels of performance on neuropsychological tests...

..of early life exposure to neurotoxic metal mixtures, and their interactions, with early adolescent behavior and cognition. The metals to be studied are prenatal manganese (Mn), methylmercury (MeHg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and ..

..of early life exposure to neurotoxic metal mixtures, and their interactions, with early adolescent behavior and cognition. The metals to be studied are prenatal manganese (Mn), methylmercury (MeHg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and ..

..of early life exposure to neurotoxic metal mixtures, and their interactions, with early adolescent behavior and cognition. The metals to be studied are prenatal manganese (Mn), methylmercury (MeHg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and ..

..of early life exposure to neurotoxic metal mixtures, and their interactions, with early adolescent behavior and cognition. The metals to be studied are prenatal manganese (Mn), methylmercury (MeHg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and ..

..This is the third submission of an R01 requesting five years of funding to support research on vascular disease, cognition, and brain structure in individuals with atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) and healthy comparison ..

..Patients with CD exhibit hypercortisolemia and develop disturbances in mood, sleep, libido, and cognition. The investigator's hypothesis is that steroid elevations in these various conditions have important neuroactive ..

..neuronal activity in brain, the rich advances in cognitive neuroscience, and the focus of SZ research on cognition. It is a propitious time to examine mechanisms associated with hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia given ..

The ability to maintain cognition despite the accumulation of AD pathology is known as cognitive or neural reserve. Theories of neural reserve include brain reserve capacity, and neural efficiency or compensation, i.e...

..between child care quality and child cognitive, behavioral and health outcomes focusing on new domain-specific (cognition, behavior, health) measures of quality...

..However, abundant basic science evidence suggests that estrogens exert beneficial effects on cognition and neurobiological variables related to memory...

..However, abundant basic science evidence suggests that estrogens exert beneficial effects on cognition and neurobiological variables related to memory...

..However, abundant basic science evidence suggests that estrogens exert beneficial effects on cognition and neurobiological variables related to memory...