depressive disorder

Summary

Summary: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review
    Ingvar Bjelland
    Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for Preventive Medicine, Haukeland Hospital, Armauer Hansen Building, University of Bergen, N 5021, Bergen, Norway
    J Psychosom Res 52:69-77. 2002
  2. ncbi Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
    Avshalom Caspi
    Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, PO80 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
    Science 301:386-9. 2003
  3. ncbi Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
    Viola Spek
    Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
    Psychol Med 37:319-28. 2007
  4. ncbi Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: a meta-analysis
    Gerhard Andersson
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
    Cogn Behav Ther 38:196-205. 2009
  5. ncbi Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys
    Saba Moussavi
    Department of Measurement and Health Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    Lancet 370:851-8. 2007
  6. ncbi Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration
    Irving Kirsch
    Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
    PLoS Med 5:e45. 2008
  7. ncbi Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review
    Heather A Bennett
    Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Obstet Gynecol 103:698-709. 2004
  8. ncbi Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis
    M Bryant Howren
    Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall East, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Psychosom Med 71:171-86. 2009
  9. ncbi Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial
    Lisa F Berkman
    Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
    JAMA 289:3106-16. 2003
  10. ncbi Enhanced depression care for patients with acute coronary syndrome and persistent depressive symptoms: coronary psychosocial evaluation studies randomized controlled trial
    Karina W Davidson
    Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH9 Center, 622 W 168th St, Room 948, New York, NY 10032, USA
    Arch Intern Med 170:600-8. 2010

Detail Information

Publications224 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review
    Ingvar Bjelland
    Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for Preventive Medicine, Haukeland Hospital, Armauer Hansen Building, University of Bergen, N 5021, Bergen, Norway
    J Psychosom Res 52:69-77. 2002
    ..To review the literature of the validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)...
  2. ncbi Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
    Avshalom Caspi
    Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, PO80 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
    Science 301:386-9. 2003
    ..This epidemiological study thus provides evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup...
  3. ncbi Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
    Viola Spek
    Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
    Psychol Med 37:319-28. 2007
    ..We studied to what extent internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) programs for symptoms of depression and anxiety are effective...
  4. ncbi Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: a meta-analysis
    Gerhard Andersson
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
    Cogn Behav Ther 38:196-205. 2009
    ..45-0.77) and unsupported (d = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14-0.35) treatments. The authors conclude that although more studies are needed, Internet and other computerized treatments hold promise as potentially evidence-based treatments of depression...
  5. ncbi Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys
    Saba Moussavi
    Department of Measurement and Health Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    Lancet 370:851-8. 2007
    ..Depression is often comorbid with other chronic diseases and can worsen their associated health outcomes. Few studies have explored the effect of depression, alone or as a comorbidity, on overall health status...
  6. ncbi Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration
    Irving Kirsch
    Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
    PLoS Med 5:e45. 2008
    ..The purpose of this analysis is to establish the relation of baseline severity and antidepressant efficacy using a relevant dataset of published and unpublished clinical trials...
  7. ncbi Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review
    Heather A Bennett
    Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Obstet Gynecol 103:698-709. 2004
    ....
  8. ncbi Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis
    M Bryant Howren
    Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall East, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Psychosom Med 71:171-86. 2009
    ..To assess the magnitude and direction of associations of depression with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in community and clinical samples...
  9. ncbi Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial
    Lisa F Berkman
    Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
    JAMA 289:3106-16. 2003
    ....
  10. ncbi Enhanced depression care for patients with acute coronary syndrome and persistent depressive symptoms: coronary psychosocial evaluation studies randomized controlled trial
    Karina W Davidson
    Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH9 Center, 622 W 168th St, Room 948, New York, NY 10032, USA
    Arch Intern Med 170:600-8. 2010
    ..This study was conducted to determine the acceptability and efficacy of enhanced depression treatment in patients with ACS...
  11. ncbi Collaborative care for depression in primary care. Making sense of a complex intervention: systematic review and meta-regression
    Peter Bower
    National Primary Care Research and Development Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
    Br J Psychiatry 189:484-93. 2006
    ..quot;Collaborative care" interventions are effective, but little is known about which aspects of these complex interventions are essential...
  12. ncbi The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies
    C Heim
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 49:1023-39. 2001
    ..The identification of the neurobiological substrates of early adverse experience is of paramount importance for the development of novel treatments for children, adolescents, and adults...
  13. ncbi Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission
    S H Goodman
    Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
    Psychol Rev 106:458-90. 1999
    ..Relevant issues are discussed, and promising directions for future research are suggested...
  14. ncbi Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes
    Simon Gilbody
    Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England
    Arch Intern Med 166:2314-21. 2006
    ....
  15. ncbi Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies
    Amanda Nicholson
    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1 19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
    Eur Heart J 27:2763-74. 2006
    ..We quantified the effect of depression on CHD, assessing the extent of confounding by coronary risk factors and disease severity...
  16. ncbi Depression and coronary heart disease: recommendations for screening, referral, and treatment: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on
    Judith H Lichtman
    Circulation 118:1768-75. 2008
    ..This multispecialty consensus document reviews the evidence linking depression with CHD and provides recommendations for healthcare providers for the assessment, referral, and treatment of depression...
  17. ncbi National patterns in antidepressant medication treatment
    Mark Olfson
    Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:848-56. 2009
    ..Antidepressants have recently become the most commonly prescribed class of medications in the United States...
  18. ncbi Hippocampal neurogenesis: opposing effects of stress and antidepressant treatment
    Jennifer L Warner-Schmidt
    Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, USA
    Hippocampus 16:239-49. 2006
    ....
  19. ncbi Rates and risks for co-morbid depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a community-based study
    F Pouwer
    Diabetes Research Group, Department of Medical Psychology, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine EMGO, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Diabetologia 46:892-8. 2003
    ..We studied the prevalence and risk factors of co-morbid depression in a community-based sample of older adults, comparing Type 2 diabetic patients with healthy control subjects...
  20. ncbi Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis
    Alex J Mitchell
    Leicestershire Partnership Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
    Lancet 374:609-19. 2009
    ..Most care for depression is delivered by general practitioners (GPs). We assessed the rate of true positives and negatives, and false positives and negatives in primary care when GPs make routine diagnoses of depression...
  21. ncbi Activity and connectivity of brain mood regulating circuit in depression: a functional magnetic resonance study
    Amit Anand
    Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 57:1079-88. 2005
    ..In this study, using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we investigated differences in cortico-limbic activity and connectivity between depressed patients and healthy controls...
  22. ncbi The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample
    Jonathan Heron
    University of Bristol, UK
    J Affect Disord 80:65-73. 2004
    ..CONCLUSION: The findings confirm that antenatal anxiety occurs frequently, overlaps with depression and increases the likelihood of postnatal depression...
  23. ncbi Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment (C-CASA): classification of suicidal events in the FDA's pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants
    Kelly Posner
    Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 164:1035-43. 2007
    ....
  24. ncbi Excess mortality in depression: a meta-analysis of community studies
    Pim Cuijpers
    Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Trimbos Institute, PO Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    J Affect Disord 72:227-36. 2002
    ..Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that mortality rates in depressed men are higher than in depressed women. Finally, it is not clear if the increased mortality rates exist only in major depression or also in subclinical depression...
  25. ncbi Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mRNA expression for melatonin synthesis rate-limiting enzyme in recurrent depressive disorder
    Piotr Gałecki
    Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
    J Pineal Res 48:311-7. 2010
    b>Depressive disorder (DD) is characterised by disturbances in blood melatonin concentration. It is well known that melatonin is involved in the control of circadian rhythms, sleep included...
  26. ncbi Screening for depression in primary care with two verbally asked questions: cross sectional study
    Bruce Arroll
    Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, PB 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
    BMJ 327:1144-6. 2003
    ..To determine the diagnostic accuracy of two verbally asked questions for screening for depression...
  27. ncbi A population-based cohort study of the effect of common mental disorders on disability pension awards
    Arnstein Mykletun
    Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Christiesgt 13, N 5015 Bergen, Norway
    Am J Psychiatry 163:1412-8. 2006
    ..The authors investigated empirically the contribution of psychiatric morbidity to the award of disability pensions, in particular those awarded for physical diagnoses...
  28. ncbi Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis
    P F Sullivan
    Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298 0126, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 157:1552-62. 2000
    ..The authors conducted a meta-analysis of relevant data from primary studies of the genetic epidemiology of major depression...
  29. ncbi Parental depression and child temperament: assessing child to parent effects in a longitudinal population study
    Lucy Hanington
    University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
    Infant Behav Dev 33:88-95. 2010
    ..Father to child effects were significant only in male children. Little evidence was found for child to parent effects...
  30. ncbi Association between depression and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
    R Schulz
    Department of Psychiatry, The University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
    Arch Intern Med 160:1761-8. 2000
    ..To address these discrepancies, we test this association using the most extensive array of sociodemographic and physical health control variables ever studied, to our knowledge, in a large population-based sample of elderly individuals...
  31. ncbi Preclinical models: status of basic research in depression
    Eric J Nestler
    Department of Psychiatry and Center for Basic Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 52:503-28. 2002
    ....
  32. ncbi Depression and the risk for cardiovascular diseases: systematic review and meta analysis
    Koen Van der Kooy
    VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 22:613-26. 2007
    ..Depression is suspected to be an independent risk factor for the onset of coronary heart disease, yet it is not clear to what extent and if depression also is associated with the onset of other diseases of the circulatory system...
  33. ncbi Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis
    M de Groot
    Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
    Psychosom Med 63:619-30. 2001
    ..The objective of this study was to examine the strength and consistency of the relationship between depression and diabetes complications in studies of type 1 and type 2 adult patients with diabetes...
  34. ncbi Anterior cingulate activity as a predictor of degree of treatment response in major depression: evidence from brain electrical tomography analysis
    D Pizzagalli
    Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:405-15. 2001
    ..Whereas prior studies used hemodynamic imaging, this investigation used EEG...
  35. ncbi The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials
    D A Lawlor
    Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK
    BMJ 322:763-7. 2001
    ..To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression...
  36. ncbi Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa
    D L Musselman
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    N Engl J Med 344:961-6. 2001
    ..85). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with malignant melanoma, pretreatment with paroxetine appears to be an effective strategy for minimizing depression induced by interferon alfa...
  37. ncbi Glutamate and depression: clinical and preclinical studies
    Ian A Paul
    Laboratory of Neurobehavioral Pharmacology and Immunology, Division of Neurobiology and Behavior Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:250-72. 2003
    ....
  38. ncbi Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women
    Kenneth S Kendler
    Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 980126, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 0126, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 159:1133-45. 2002
    ..The authors used structural equation modeling to generate a developmental model for the etiology of major depression in women...
  39. ncbi The current state of cognitive therapy: a 40-year retrospective
    Aaron T Beck
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:953-9. 2005
    ..Suggestions for future research and applications are presented...
  40. ncbi Character and temperament in major depressive disorder and a highly anxious-retarded subtype derived from melancholia
    Remco F P de Winter
    Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
    Compr Psychiatry 48:426-35. 2007
    An anxious-retarded subtype of major depressive disorder, defined by high scores for both anxiety and retardation, has been derived from melancholia and appeared to have higher external validity in terms of poor outcome and ..
  41. ncbi The performance of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) in detecting alcohol abuse and dependence in a population of depressed or anxious persons
    Lynn Boschloo
    Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, AJ Ernststraat 887, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    J Affect Disord 126:441-6. 2010
    ..This study examines the performance of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) in detecting alcohol abuse and dependence in this high-risk group and compares it to that in healthy controls...
  42. ncbi Major depressive disorder in a community-based twin sample: are there different genetic and environmental contributions for men and women?
    L J Bierut
    Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:557-63. 1999
    ..twins, we examined the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the risk of developing major depressive disorder and the effect of sex and different definitions of depression on the relative contributions of genetic and ..
  43. ncbi On the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory. A review
    P Richter
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
    Psychopathology 31:160-8. 1998
    ..Since most studies are oriented along the criteria of the classical test theory, our review will discuss to what extent the BDI meets these criteria...
  44. ncbi Gene-environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders
    Nicole R Nugent
    Bradley Hasbro Children s Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West Building, One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, USA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 214:175-96. 2011
    ..e., depressive and anxiety) disorders. Recent findings have suggested a unique role for early life stress (ELS) in the development of internalizing disorders, contributing to the rapid proliferation of research in this area...
  45. ncbi Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2000 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines
    I M Anderson
    Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, UK
    J Psychopharmacol 22:343-96. 2008
    ....
  46. ncbi Re-engineering systems for the treatment of depression in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial
    Allen J Dietrich
    Dartmouth Medical School, HB 7250, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
    BMJ 329:602. 2004
    ..To test the effectiveness of an evidence based model for management of depression in primary care with support from quality improvement resources...
  47. ncbi Non-participation in the second wave of the PART study on mental disorder and its effects on risk estimates
    Peter Bergman
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    Int J Soc Psychiatry 56:119-32. 2010
    ..In epidemiological studies, analyses are needed to investigate the consequences of non-response...
  48. ncbi The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis
    R J Anderson
    Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
    Diabetes Care 24:1069-78. 2001
    ..CONCLUSIONS--The presence of diabetes doubles the odds of comorbid depression. Prevalence estimates are affected by several clinical and methodological variables that do not affect the stability of the ORs...
  49. ncbi Poststroke depression: a review
    Robert G Robinson
    Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
    Can J Psychiatry 55:341-9. 2010
    ..To review the world's (English-language) publications related to depression following stroke...
  50. ncbi The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: a meta-analysis
    Ellen Driessen
    VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Clin Psychol Rev 30:25-36. 2010
    ..The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of STPP for depression and to identify treatment moderators...
  51. ncbi Right orbitofrontal corticolimbic and left corticocortical white matter connectivity differentiate bipolar and unipolar depression
    Amelia Versace
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 68:560-7. 2010
    ..We aimed to determine whether whole brain white matter connectivity differentiated BD from UD depression...
  52. ncbi Internet-delivered psychotherapy for depression in adults
    Nickolai Titov
    School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
    Curr Opin Psychiatry 24:18-23. 2011
    ..The present article reviews the current status of iPT for the treatment of adults with symptoms of depression...
  53. ncbi Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale
    B F Chorpita
    Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA
    Behav Res Ther 38:835-55. 2000
    ..The revised factor structure and definitions were further supported by the reliability and validity analyses. Some implications for assessment of childhood anxiety and depressive disorders are discussed...
  54. ncbi Pre- and postnatal psychological wellbeing in Africa: a systematic review
    Alexandra Sawyer
    Psychology Department, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
    J Affect Disord 123:17-29. 2010
    ..This paper reviews evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of maternal mental health disorders in African women living in Africa...
  55. ncbi Management of depression in UK general practice in relation to scores on depression severity questionnaires: analysis of medical record data
    Tony Kendrick
    University of Southampton Primary Medical Care Group, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton SO16 5ST, UK
    BMJ 338:b750. 2009
    ..To determine if general practitioner rates of antidepressant drug prescribing and referrals to specialist services for depression vary in line with patients' scores on depression severity questionnaires...
  56. ncbi Bipolarity in depressive patients without histories of diagnosis of bipolar disorder and the use of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for detecting bipolarity
    Byungsu Kim
    Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Pungnap dong, Seoul 138 736, South Korea
    Compr Psychiatry 49:469-75. 2008
    ..In addition, authors assessed the practical use of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) to distinguish bipolar from unipolar disorder in these subjects and tested whether modifications of the MDQ scoring could improve its performance...
  57. ncbi Long-term suicide risk of depression in the Lundby cohort 1947-1997--severity and gender
    L Bradvik
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Lundby Study, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
    Acta Psychiatr Scand 117:185-91. 2008
    ..The long-term suicide risk of depression was evaluated in a community sample by severity and gender...
  58. ncbi The Pathways Study: a randomized trial of collaborative care in patients with diabetes and depression
    Wayne J Katon
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195 6560, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:1042-9. 2004
    ..Depression has been shown to be associated with poor self-management (adherence to diet, exercise, checking blood glucose levels) and high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes...
  59. ncbi Economic costs of minor depression: a population-based study
    P Cuijpers
    Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Acta Psychiatr Scand 115:229-36. 2007
    ..Although the clinical relevance of minor depression has been demonstrated in many studies, the economic costs are not well explored. In this study, we examine the economic costs of minor depression...
  60. ncbi Outcome of depression in later life in primary care: longitudinal cohort study with three years' follow-up
    E Licht-Strunk
    Department of General Practice and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research of VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
    BMJ 338:a3079. 2009
    ..To study the duration of depression, recovery over time, and predictors of prognosis in an older cohort (>or=55 years) in primary care...
  61. ncbi Developing brief scales for use in clinical practice: the reliability and validity of single-item self-report measures of depression symptom severity, psychosocial impairment due to depression, and quality of life
    Mark Zimmerman
    Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 67:1536-41. 2006
    ....
  62. ncbi A randomized trial of a group cognitive intervention for preventing depression in adolescent offspring of depressed parents
    G N Clarke
    Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland OR 97227 1098, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:1127-34. 2001
    ..Adolescent offspring of depressed parents are at high risk for development of depression. Cognitive restructuring therapy holds promise for preventing progression to depressive episodes...
  63. ncbi Somatic complaints among pregnant women cared for in obstetrics: normal pregnancy or depressive and anxiety symptom amplification revisited?
    R H Kelly
    University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356560, 1959 NE Pacific Street, 98195 6560, Seattle, WA, USA
    Gen Hosp Psychiatry 23:107-13. 2001
    ..Eliciting and tracking somatic symptoms during prenatal visits could potentially improve detection of depressive and anxiety disorders in the obstetrical sector...
  64. ncbi The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine
    N Muller
    Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat, Munchen, Germany
    Mol Psychiatry 11:680-4. 2006
    ..Moreover, the fact that treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug showed beneficial effects on MD indicates that inflammation is related to the pathomechanism of the disorder, although the exact mechanisms remain to become elucidated...
  65. ncbi New onset depression following myocardial infarction predicts cardiac mortality
    Chris Dickens
    Department of Psychiatry, Rawnsley Building, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL
    Psychosom Med 70:450-5. 2008
    ..We report on a study investigating whether the timing of the onset of depression, with regard to the MI, affected its impact on subsequent cardiac mortality...
  66. ncbi Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in depression
    Frank Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Exp Neurol 219:2-13. 2009
    ....
  67. ncbi The definition and meaning of treatment-resistant depression
    H A Sackeim
    Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 62:10-7. 2001
    ..The Antidepressant Treatment History Form is presented as one method to formalize the evaluation of treatment adequacy and treatment resistance...
  68. ncbi Randomised controlled trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating depression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Tatiana Usala
    Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari Via Ospedale 119, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
    Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 18:62-73. 2008
    To evaluate the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in children and adolescents with depressive disorder, the main electronic databases and the reference lists of retrieved articles and reviews were searched up to ..
  69. ncbi Association of depression and anxiety alone and in combination with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care patients
    Matthew J Bair
    VA Health Services Research and Development, Center of Excellence on Implementation of Evidenced Based Practices, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
    Psychosom Med 70:890-7. 2008
    ..To assess the relationship between depression and anxiety comorbidity on pain intensity, pain-related disability, and health-related quality of life (HRQL)...
  70. ncbi The psychoneuroimmuno-pathophysiology of cytokine-induced depression in humans
    Marieke Wichers
    Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5:375-88. 2002
    ....
  71. ncbi Lack of ventral striatal response to positive stimuli in depressed versus normal subjects
    Jane Epstein
    Department of Psychiatry, Box 140, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 163:1784-90. 2006
    ....
  72. ncbi A genomewide association study points to multiple loci that predict antidepressant drug treatment outcome in depression
    Marcus Ising
    Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:966-75. 2009
    ..Genetic factors and clinical characteristics contribute to the failure of a favorable treatment outcome...
  73. ncbi Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes
    Graham J Emslie
    University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 8589, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 167:782-91. 2010
    ....
  74. ncbi Compliance with antidepressants in a primary care setting, 2: the influence of gender and type of impairment
    K Demyttenaere
    Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
    J Clin Psychiatry 62:34-7. 2001
    DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder includes a requirement that symptoms result in significant clinical distress or impairment. This criterion is difficult to assess and is often overlooked...
  75. ncbi Effect of the addition of a "help" question to two screening questions on specificity for diagnosis of depression in general practice: diagnostic validity study
    B Arroll
    Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
    BMJ 331:884. 2005
    ..To determine the validity of two written screening questions for depression with the addition of a question inquiring if help is needed...
  76. ncbi Reducing relapse and recurrence in unipolar depression: a comparative meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy's effects
    Jeffrey R Vittengl
    Department of Psychology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501 4221, USA
    J Consult Clin Psychol 75:475-88. 2007
    Relapse and recurrence following response to acute-phase treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) are prevalent and costly...
  77. ncbi Atherosclerosis and incident depression in late life
    Rachel S Newson
    Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:1144-51. 2010
    ..However, although cross-sectional associations have been established, owing to a lack of objective assessments and longitudinal data, the validity and temporal nature of this relationship is unclear...
  78. ncbi A randomised controlled trial to test the feasibility of a collaborative care model for the management of depression in older people
    Carolyn A Chew Graham
    Primary Care Research Group, School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester
    Br J Gen Pract 57:364-70. 2007
    ..Depression is the most common mental health disorder in people aged over 65 years. Late-life depression is associated with chronic illness and disability...
  79. ncbi Prevalence of depression in survivors of acute myocardial infarction
    Brett D Thombs
    Johns Hopkins University Evidence-Based Practice Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
    J Gen Intern Med 21:30-8. 2006
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Depression is common and persistent in AMI survivors. Prevalence varies depending on assessment method, likely reflecting treatment of somatic symptoms...
  80. ncbi Vascular function in older adults with depressive disorder
    Raghupathy Paranthaman
    Greater Manchester West Mental Health National Health Service Trust, Royal Bolton Hospital, Farnworth, Bolton, United Kingdom
    Biol Psychiatry 68:133-9. 2010
    Cerebrovascular disease plays an important role in depressive disorder, especially in older adults...
  81. ncbi National trends in the treatment for depression from 1998 to 2007
    Steven C Marcus
    Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:1265-73. 2010
    ..The rate of outpatient treatment of depression increased markedly in the United States between 1987 and 1997; it is not known whether this trend has continued...
  82. ncbi Comorbidity of fibromyalgia and psychiatric disorders
    Lesley M Arnold
    Women s Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 67:1219-25. 2006
    ..To assess the co-occurrence of fibromyalgia with psychiatric disorders in participants of a fibromyalgia family study...
  83. ncbi Psychoeducational treatment and prevention of depression: the "Coping with Depression" course thirty years later
    Pim Cuijpers
    Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Clin Psychol Rev 29:449-58. 2009
    ..The CWD has contributed considerably to the development and innovation of prevention and treatment of depression in many target populations...
  84. ncbi Neurobiological consequences of childhood trauma
    Charles B Nemeroff
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 4990, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 65:18-28. 2004
    ..The preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the consequences of early-life stress are reviewed...
  85. ncbi Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review
    Scott N Compton
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:930-59. 2004
    ..To review the literature on the cognitive-behavioral treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders within the conceptual framework of evidence-based medicine...
  86. ncbi Depression screening of perinatal women: an evaluation of the healthy start depression initiative
    Kimberly A Yonkers
    Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
    Psychiatr Serv 60:322-8. 2009
    ..This study evaluated the Healthy Start depression initiative to assess whether it resulted in diminished rates of depressive symptoms and increased rates of detection, referral, and treatment among pregnant and postpartum women...
  87. ncbi Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study
    Amy M Fahrenkopf
    Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Children s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    BMJ 336:488-91. 2008
    ..To determine the prevalence of depression and burnout among residents in paediatrics and to establish if a relation exists between these disorders and medication errors...
  88. ncbi Suicide rates in clinical trials of SSRIs, other antidepressants, and placebo: analysis of FDA reports
    Arif Khan
    Northwest Clinical Research Center, Bellevue, Washington, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 160:790-2. 2003
    ..The authors analyzed reports from randomized controlled trials to compare suicide rates among depressed patients assigned to an SSRI, other antidepressants, or placebo...
  89. ncbi Endocrine and cytokine correlates of major depression and dysthymia with typical or atypical features
    H Anisman
    Institute of Neurosciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Mol Psychiatry 4:182-8. 1999
    ..Given that circulating cytokines influence neuroendocrine functioning, and may affect neurovegetative features, a role for interleukins may exist with respect to the pathophysiology of certain subtypes of depression...
  90. ncbi Mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of complex interventions: psychological interventions in coronary heart disease
    Nicky J Welton
    Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
    Am J Epidemiol 169:1158-65. 2009
    ....
  91. ncbi A developmental twin study of symptoms of anxiety and depression: evidence for genetic innovation and attenuation
    K S Kendler
    Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
    Psychol Med 38:1567-75. 2008
    ..Analysis conducted using the Mx program included SxAnxDep by parental and self-report...
  92. ncbi Association between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter and major depressive disorder
    T G Schulze
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
    Am J Med Genet 96:801-3. 2000
    ..our data suggest that an excess of high-activity MAO-A gene promoter alleles resulting in an elevated MAO-A activity is a risk factor for major depressive disorder in females. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:801-803, 2000.
  93. ncbi Deletion of the background potassium channel TREK-1 results in a depression-resistant phenotype
    Catherine Heurteaux
    Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Paul Hamel, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
    Nat Neurosci 9:1134-41. 2006
    ..Our results indicate that alterations in the functioning, regulation or both of the TREK-1 channel may alter mood, and that this particular K+ channel may be a potential target for new antidepressants...
  94. ncbi Depression, C-reactive protein and two-year major adverse cardiac events in men after acute coronary syndromes
    Nancy Frasure-Smith
    Department of Psychiatry and School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
    Biol Psychiatry 62:302-8. 2007
    ....
  95. ncbi Timing is everything: the onset of depression and acute coronary syndrome outcome
    Gordon B Parker
    Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
    Biol Psychiatry 64:660-6. 2008
    ..The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the timing of the depressive episode and 1-year cardiovascular outcome in recruited patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)...
  96. ncbi Early adverse experience and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome: results from a population-based study
    Christine Heim
    Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:1258-66. 2006
    ..Identification of developmental risk factors for CFS is critical to inform pathophysiological research and devise targets for primary prevention...
  97. ncbi Recognition and management of depression in a substance use disorder treatment population
    G M Curran
    VA HSR and D Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcome Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72114, USA
    Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 33:563-9. 2007
    ..05). Analysis with a recoded BDI showed that the moderately-to-severely symptomatic (BDI = 20+) were 4.1 times more likely to have returned to substance use than those with a BDI score of under 20...
  98. ncbi Validity of the EQ-5D in assessing and valuing health status in patients with schizophrenic, schizotypal or delusional disorders
    Hans Helmut Konig
    Health Economics Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
    Eur Psychiatry 22:177-87. 2007
    ..This study aimed to analyse the discriminative ability and validity of the EQ-5D in patients with schizophrenic, schizotypal or delusional disorders...
  99. ncbi The Liverpool Adverse Events Profile: relation to AED use and mood
    Rosemary June Panelli
    Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Camberwell, Australia
    Epilepsia 48:456-63. 2007
    ..This study evaluated LAEP in newly diagnosed seizure patients, and examined the relation between LAEP, anxiety, and depression...
  100. ncbi The impact of event scale-revised: psychometric properties in a sample of motor vehicle accident survivors
    J Gayle Beck
    Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo SUNY, 230 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
    J Anxiety Disord 22:187-98. 2008
    ..The IES-R seems to be a solid measure of post-trauma phenomena that can augment related assessment approaches in clinical and research settings...
  101. ncbi Borderline personality disorder and mood spectrum
    Carmen Berrocal
    Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
    Psychiatry Res 159:300-7. 2008
    ..The results of this study are consistent with previous findings suggesting the importance of mood dysregulations in patients with BPD...

Research Grants94

  1. Puberty and Threat/Reward Processing in the Trajectory from Anxiety to Depression
    Jennifer S Silk; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..processes that occur around pubertal development in ways that could create a negative spiral into a depressive disorder, and (d) if targeted through early intervention could alter the trajectory toward depression...
  2. Antidepressant Treatment and Risk of Obesity
    David Arterburn; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..square of height in meters] of e 30) among US adults was 31% and the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV major depressive disorder was 13%...
  3. Antidepressant Treatment and Risk of Obesity
    DAVID ERIC ARTERBURN; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..square of height in meters] of e 30) among US adults was 31% and the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV major depressive disorder was 13%...
  4. 5-HT transporter function: Interaction of antidepressants and hormones
    Alan Frazer; Fiscal Year: 2010
    The vulnerability of some women to develop major depressive disorder (MDD), which occurs more frequently in women than in men, is associated with hormonal fluctuations (monthly, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause)...
  5. Effects of Stress and Glutamatergic Agents on Glutamate Cycling and Behavior
    Gerard Sanacora; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..evidence suggests a tight relationship exists between stress, amino acid neurotransmitter systems and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)...
  6. Internet Self-Help Program for Major Depressive Disorder in Spouses of Combatants
    Bentson McFarland; Fiscal Year: 2007
    There is evidence to suggest that self-help programs on the Internet may be of value for people with major depressive disorder. However, effect sizes in previous research have usually been modest...
  7. Family-Focused Therapy as Early Treatment for Youth at Risk for Bipolar Disorder
    David Miklowitz; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..with bipolar I or II disorder and meet criteria for BD not otherwise specified, cyclothymia, or major depressive disorder with hypomanic symptoms)...
  8. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RECURRENT DEPRESSION
    Robin Jarrett; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..relapse/recurrence during the first 8 months following acute treatment in outpatients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD)...
  9. The effects of SAMe on reward circuitry in depression
    Diego Pizzagalli; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Major depressive disorder (MOD) is common, recurrent, and disabling. Despite a wide range of antidepressant treatments available, MOD remains difficult to treat...
  10. Phone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression after Traumatic Brain Injury
    JESSE FANN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is most common during the first several years after injury...
  11. Optimizing Care for Older Adults with Back Pain and Depression
    Jordan F Karp; Fiscal Year: 2010
    This application is the A1 resubmission of R01 AG033575. Among older adults, both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) are common, frequently comorbid, and associated with substantial disability...
  12. Fetal and Neonatal Neurobehavior and Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure
    Amy L Salisbury; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Each year at least 600,000 infants born in the United States are exposed to maternal Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) during gestation...
  13. Using Information Technology to Provide Measurement Based Care for Chronic Illnes
    Madhukar Trivedi; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The proposal focuses on the use of MBC to improve the quality of care for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)...
  14. Mechanisms of structural plasticity in stress-related disorders
    Scott J Russo; Fiscal Year: 2011
    DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mood and anxiety disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cause overlapping behavioral symptoms marked by hyperarousal, social avoidance, anxiety, ..
  15. COGNITION, STEROIDS AND IMAGING IN CUSHINGS DISEASE
    MONICA STARKMAN; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..significant proportion of the aged and in neuropsychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease and Major Depressive Disorder. However, the relationship of this dysregulation to clinical symptoms is still insufficiently understood...
  16. BDNF-Trk Signaling & Cytokines in Patients with Mood Disorders
    Ghanshyam N Pandey; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and plasma from 40 well-characterized drug-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 40 bipolar manic or mixed (BPM), 40 normal control subjects and from 19 bipolar depressed (BPD) ..
  17. Effect of Major Depression and antidepressants on human neurogenesis
    Maura Boldrini; Fiscal Year: 2011
    ..Decreased neurogenesis is an emerging model for the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Antidepressant treatment (ADT) increases neurogenesis in the DG of rodents...
  18. Effect of Major Depression and antidepressants on human neurogenesis
    Maura Boldrini; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Decreased neurogenesis is an emerging model for the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Antidepressant treatment (ADT) increases neurogenesis in the DG of rodents...
  19. Effect of Major Depression and antidepressants on human neurogenesis
    Maura Boldrini; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Decreased neurogenesis is an emerging model for the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Antidepressant treatment (ADT) increases neurogenesis in the DG of rodents...
  20. 2/2 - Familial Pathways to Early-Onset Suicide Attempts
    JOSEPH MANN; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..The cohort consists of 308 offspring of 135 probands with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a history of suicide attempt and a comparison group of 232 offspring of 120 non-attempters ..
  21. Metamoodics: Meta-analyses and bioinformatics display of mood disorders genetics
    Peter P Zandi; Fiscal Year: 2011
    ..It has been estimated that major depressive disorder and bipolar depression are the first and sixth leading causes of disability, accounting for nearly 15% of ..
  22. Metamoodics: Meta-analyses and bioinformatics display of mood disorders genetics
    Peter P Zandi; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Mood disorders impose a significant burden on public health. It has been estimated that major depressive disorder and bipolar depression are the first and sixth leading causes of disability, accounting for nearly 15% of the total years ..
  23. Improving Hispanic Retention in Antidepressant Therapy
    Roberto Lewis Fernandez; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..outpatient pharmacological practice by a psychiatrist that will increase retention of Hispanics with major depressive disorder (MDD) in antidepressant therapy...
  24. A comparison of cognitive and dynamic therapy for MDD in community settings
    MARY BETH GIBBONS; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..to cognitive therapy when implemented in community mental health settings for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is a severe and disabling disorder afflicting 7% of individuals in the United ..