emotions

..With so much research being done in this area today, it is important that the mistakes of the past not be made again. It is also time to expand from this foundation into broader aspects of mind and behavior...

..New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness...

..This review examines the progress made over the century in understanding the time-dependent processes that create our lasting memories...

..These findings indicate that right anterior insula supports a representation of visceral responses accessible to awareness, providing a substrate for subjective feeling states...

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..The authors also compared these deficits to the neural systems engaged during anticipatory anxiety in healthy subjects...

What neural mechanism underlies the capacity to understand the emotions of others? Does this mechanism involve brain areas normally involved in experiencing the same emotion? We performed an fMRI study in which participants inhaled ..

..These findings support the hypothesis that prefrontal cortex is involved in constructing reappraisal strategies that can modulate activity in multiple emotion-processing systems...

..Taken together, the results suggest a functional architecture for the cognitive control of emotion that dovetails with findings from other human and nonhuman research on emotion...

..The results lend empirical support for the validity and reliability of this set of facial expressions as determined by accurate identification of expressions and high intra-participant agreement across two testing sessions, respectively...

..These data suggest that emotional conflict is resolved through top-down inhibition of amygdalar activity by the rostral cingulate cortex...

..g., "anger," "fear"). Such brain-based analyses are critical if our ways of labeling emotions are to be evaluated and revised based on consistency with brain data...

..Where appropriate, we attempt to integrate basic information on normal amygdala function with our current understanding of psychiatric disorders, including pathological anxiety...

..Theoretical issues, stimulus factors, task demands, and individual differences are discussed...

..Under this revised framework, the cortex has a more important role in emotion processing than is traditionally assumed...

..We suggest that the extent to which a stimulus is identified as emotive and is associated with the production of an affective state may be dependent upon levels of activity within these two neural systems...

..This mechanism supports basic behaviors (e.g., alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, mother-infant responsiveness, and the modeling of competitors and predators) that are crucial for the ..

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..The Revised Eyes Test has improved power to detect subtle individual differences in social sensitivity...

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..Here, we assess pain and emotion in each cingulate subregion, and assess whether pain is co-localized with negative affect. Amazingly, these activation patterns do not simply overlap...

..Further, significantly heightened activity in anterior insula for rejected unfair offers suggests an important role for emotions in decision-making.

..We tested the hypothesis that the process of feeling emotions requires the participation of brain regions, such as the somatosensory cortices and the upper brainstem nuclei, ..

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Our sense of time is altered by our emotions to such an extent that time seems to fly when we are having fun and drags when we are bored...

..Thus, evolutionary relevant threatening stimuli were effective in capturing attention, and this effect was further facilitated if the stimulus was emotionally provocative...

..This work should help to elucidate the neural processes and temporal dynamics governing the integration of cognitive and affective influences in attention and behaviour...

..Central to cognitive-emotional interactions are brain areas with a high degree of connectivity, called hubs, which are critical for regulating the flow and integration of information between regions...

..Our results demonstrate content-specific dynamic alterations in the functional coupling between visual-limbic and visual-prefrontal face-responsive pathways...

..body-selective regions, which can be dissociated from regions involved in face perception, have been implicated in the perception of the self and the 'body schema', the perception of others' emotions and the understanding of actions.

..Finally, we consider tentative generalizations that can be drawn from this relatively unexplored conjunction of research endeavors...

..Such mechanisms could facilitate affective learning and regulation of body homeostasis, and could also guide decision making in complex and uncertain environments...

..These aspects help to clarify the amygdala's contributions to recognizing emotion from faces, to social behavior toward conspecifics, and to reward learning and instrumental behavior...

..s carriers also showed greater coupling between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which may contribute to the abnormally high activity in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex seen in major depression...

..Taken all together, recent findings provide a scientific account of the familiar contention that "when you're smiling, the whole world smiles with you."..

Research indicates that people value music primarily because of the emotions it evokes. Yet, the notion of musical emotions remains controversial, and researchers have so far been unable to offer a satisfactory account of such emotions...

..of facial expressions is critical to our appreciation of the social and physical environment, with separate emotions having distinct facial expressions...

..We suggest that distinct patterns of structural and functional abnormalities in neural systems important for emotion processing are associated with specific symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar and major depressive disorder...

..These mechanisms have been hypothesized to interact in depression. This study explored relationships between amygdala and DLPFC activity during emotional and cognitive information processing in unipolar depression...

..Findings are discussed in terms of the fight-flight and conservation-withdrawal responses and possible limitations of a valence-arousal categorization of emotion in affective space...

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..The pattern of empathy deficits among patients with VM and IFG lesions represents a first direct evidence of a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy using the lesion method...

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..Recent advances are revealing new insights into the reactivation of latent emotional associations and the recollection of personal episodes from the remote past...

Human decisions can be shaped by predictions of emotions that ensue after choosing advantageously or disadvantageously. Indeed, anticipating regret is a powerful predictor of future choices...

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..These data suggest that the neuroanatomical networks recruited to overcome conflict vary systematically with the nature of the conflict, but that they may share a common conflict-detection mechanism...

..Since then, the importance of the amygdala in processing information about facial emotions has been borne out by a number of lesion and functional imaging studies...

..Apart from OFC, these regions were not activated by reward receipt. The findings indicate that when rewards are predictable, brain regions recruited during expectation are, in part, dissociable from areas responding to reward receipt...

..with focal brain lesions, using three different tasks that assessed the recognition and naming of six basic emotions from facial expressions...

..In an earlier report (NeuroImage 16 (2002), 331). we examined the effects of induction method, specific emotions, and cognitive demand in emotional tasks...

..This article reviews how whole-body signals are automatically perceived and understood, and their role in emotional communication and decision-making...

Music is capable of evoking exceptionally strong emotions and of reliably affecting the mood of individuals...

..Although these are independent memory systems, they act in concert when emotion meets memory...

..which they are perceived? To address this question, in the present study participants evaluated the intensity of emotions perceived from face movements, body movements, or vocal intonations, while their brain activity was measured with ..

..These findings provide a biological basis for the unconscious emotional vigilance characteristic of anxiety and a means for investigating the mechanisms and efficacy of treatments for anxiety...

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..We will show that seeing the emotions of others also recruits regions involved in experiencing similar emotions, although there does not seem to be a ..

..From this perspective, the relative sympathetic activation seen in anxiety disorders may represent dis-inhibition due to faulty inhibitory mechanisms...

..the brain into 20 nonoverlapping regions, and characterized each region by its responsiveness across individual emotions (positive, negative, happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust), to different induction methods (visual, auditory, ..

..Individuals vulnerable to faulty regulation of negative emotion are at risk for violence and aggression. Research on the neural circuitry of emotion regulation suggests new avenues of intervention for such at-risk populations...

..This result is consistent with evidence for right hemisphere (RH) dominance for emotional processing, and suggests that there may be a right hemisphere mirroring system that could provide a neural substrate for empathy...

..This suggests that the presence of sex differences in emotional-prosodic priming depends on whether or not participants are instructed to take emotional prosody into account...

..Furthermore, our study extends the knowledge of these processes by suggesting valence-specific differences of emotional conflict processing...

..Taken together, the data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the pupil's response during affective picture viewing reflects emotional arousal associated with increased sympathetic activity...

..These differences suggest that the interaction of more than one emotional channel facilitates subtle transitions in an emotional sentence context...

..Second, the anticipated level of emotions differed systematically from experienced emotions, such that vaccinated individuals anticipated more regret and ..

..Assessing neurobiological substrates of automatic emotion processing might be a more sensitive challenge for automatic negative bias in depression than behavioral measures...

..In this review, we examine a wealth of recent research on negative emotions in animals and humans, using the example of fear or anxiety, and conclude that, contrary to the traditional ..

..This notion may not only explain the modest effect size of the 5-HTTLPR and inconsistent reports but may also lead to a more refined appreciation of allelic variation in 5-HTT function...

..Emotion-specific effects were found in TPJ and FG for bodies and faces alike. EBA and superior temporal sulcus (STS) were more activated by threatening bodies...

..A large current research effort extends the amygdala's putative role to a number of psychiatric illnesses...

..These results provide direct evidence that vlPFC is involved in both the generation and regulation of emotion through different subcortical pathways, suggesting a general role for this region in appraisal processes...

Models of stress and health suggest that emotions mediate the effects of stress on health; yet meta-analytic reviews have not confirmed these relationships. Categorizations of emotions along broad dimensions such as valence (e.g...

..of strong response idiosyncrasies, to highly specific predictions of autonomic response patterns for certain emotions. A review of 134 publications that report experimental investigations of emotional effects on peripheral ..

..PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)...

..Subsequent sections discuss available evidence for the neurofunctional basis of facial and bodily expressions as well as neuropsychological and clinical studies of bodily expressions...

..The ERP arousal effect appears to result from early lexico-semantic processing in high-arousal negative words...

..Because perceptual inputs remain segregated into dorsal (auditory), medial (olfactory) and ventral (visual) streams, the integration of emotion with perception is channel specific...

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..They address the causes and mechanisms underlying the phenomenon, focusing on J.D. Cohen, K. Dunbar, and J.L. McClelland's (1990) parallel distributed processing model...

..We found no asymmetry between negative and positive words and suggest that previous findings of such an asymmetry can be attributed to failure to control for a number of critical lexical variables and to a sampling bias...

..The results support a developmental model of the etiology and maintenance of anxiety symptoms in childhood and highlight factors to consider in efforts to prevent and treat childhood anxiety...

..These results support the hypothesis that the visual analysis of human action depends upon emotion processes...

..Results revealed that participants overestimated the duration of emotional faces relative to the neutral faces only when imitation was possible. Implications for the role of embodiment in emotional perception are discussed...

..001). There was a valence-specific lateralization of brain response during negative emotions processing in the left amygdala (p=0.001)...

..The intersection of consciousness and emotion is ripe for experimental investigation, and we outline possible examples for future studies...

..ganglia in the processing of emotional speech prosody, this investigation compared how PD patients identify basic emotions from prosody and judge specific affective properties of the same vocal stimuli, such as valence or intensity...

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..The results also extend prior findings that evaluating emotional words consistently activates the subgenual cingulate cortex, and suggest a means of probing this region in patients with mood disorders...

Facing the consequence of a decision we made can trigger emotions like satisfaction, relief, or regret, which reflect our assessment of what was gained as compared to what would have been gained by making a different decision...

..From this perspective, we discuss the role of action and simulation in cognitive processes, which lead to the perceptual recognition of objects, and actions and to their conceptual categorization...

A basic issue about musical emotions concerns whether music elicits emotional responses in listeners (the 'emotivist' position) or simply expresses emotions that listeners recognize in the music (the 'cognitivist' position)...

One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299) process model of ..

..Our results suggest that 5-HT plays a critical role in regulating emotion during social decision-making...

..This enhancement may be driven by cortico-amygdaloid connections...

..Further understanding of the temporal, spatial and functional characteristics of this system is necessary to clarify its role in emotional responses and will promote advances in its therapeutic exploitation...

..In addition, our data support the physiological validity of descriptions of valence along independent axes or as absolute distance from neutral but fail to support the validity of descriptions of valence along a bipolar continuum...

..Here, we examined IFO involvement in the processing of other people's gustatory emotions more generally by exposing participants to food-related disgusted, pleased and neutral facial expressions during ..

..3. Before describing research on the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, though, it will be helpful to briefly examine the historical events that preceded modern research on conditioned fear...

The amygdala, a sexually differentiated brain structure intimately involved in emotions, cognition, social behavior, and sexuality, is particularly important in monkeys for recognizing and responding to social context and danger...

..g., expression of emotion, sensitivity, warmth, reactions to children's negative emotions) and heredity (using genes linked to EC and/or adjustment) to children's regulation/control and adjustment, ..

..Trojanowski and Lee). The Clinical and Administrative Core will also interact extensively with the Data Management and Biostatistics Core (Dr. Fox) for data management, data quality, and data analysis functions. ..

..in noisy backgrounds, the ability to discriminate different talkers, the ability to discriminate different emotions in speech, music recognition, and tone-identification (for tone-languages such as Cantonese) are all still very ..

The amygdala, a sexually differentiated brain structure intimately involved in emotions, cognition, social behavior, and sexuality, is particularly important in monkeys for recognizing and responding to social context and danger...

The amygdala, a sexually differentiated brain structure intimately involved in emotions, cognition, social behavior, and sexuality, is particularly important in monkeys for recognizing and responding to social context and danger...

..resulting in severe disabilities in the realms of perception, memory, language thinking, experience of emotions and social intelligence that span the entire life...

..is on the early development of conscience, which is seen as an increasingly complex system that encompasses moral emotions, behavioral self-regulation, moral understanding, and the moral self...

..This study may help health care providers learn ways to provide timely information in sensitive ways in order for parents to make decisions regarding starting and/or ending treatments, and advanced care planning. ..

..states to pursue desired goals, bring our behavior in line with internal/external standards, manage our emotions, and cope with challenges and opportunities that arise...

Strong negative emotions may make complex thinking more difficult. Relapse to alcohol drinking following alcohol treatment often occurs when an individual feels strong negative emotions such as sadness, grief or fear...

..Dysregulation of behavior and emotions are among the primary deficits that characterize children's mental disorders...

..two brain regions: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), known to play an essential role in the regulation of emotions, and a control occipital cortex region...

..Conscience, a complex system encompassing moral emotions, behavioral self-regulation, moral understanding, and the moral self, is perhaps the single most powerful factor ..

..Retrospective studies using relatively insensitive measures suggest that emotions trigger events in all LQTS patients, especially in genotype-2 (LQT2) patients...

..This study may help health care providers learn ways to provide timely information in sensitive ways in order for parents to make decisions regarding starting and/or ending treatments, and advanced care planning. ..

..Scientifically, tantrums are a window onto emotions so intense as to be otherwise inaccessible to observation...

..Scientifically, tantrums are a window onto emotions so intense as to be otherwise inaccessible to observation...

Despite the importance of the perception and processing of emotions to everyday human interaction, there is remarkably little understanding of the neurobiological substrates that influence these processes...

..Adolescence is a critical developmental period when young people learn to regulate their emotions and behaviors, and learn skills to cope with increased environmental demands and autonomy...

..that the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex are guided by interaction with structures associated with emotions. The goal of the proposed studies is to investigate the synaptology of pathways that link posterior orbitofrontal ..

..This proposed plan of research seeks renewal of support for a project initially entitled "Emotions Matter" (renamed the Chicago School Readiness Project, or CSRP)...

..This proposed plan of research seeks renewal of support for a project initially entitled "Emotions Matter" (renamed the Chicago School Readiness Project, or CSRP)...

..A second line of research suggests the value of expressing or disclosing emotions for people with chronic pain...

..Conscience, a complex system encompassing moral emotions, behavioral self-regulation, moral understanding, and the moral self, is perhaps the single most powerful factor ..

..Conscience, a complex system encompassing moral emotions, behavioral self-regulation, moral understanding, and the moral self, is perhaps the single most powerful factor ..