food preferences

..They report eating these foods to feel better. Both studies show that stress not only increases consumption in certain individuals but also shifts their food choice from lower fat to higher fat foods...

..Parents, however, have always observed individual differences in children's willingness to take new foods. This review looks at studies that encompass both exposure to and genetic determinants of food acceptance...

..Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone that likely impacts eating via several mechanisms. Here, we hypothesized that ghrelin can regulate extra homeostatic, hedonic aspects of eating behavior...

..The understanding of neuroendocrine modulation of food reward, as well as food reward modulation by diet and obesity, may point to new directions for therapeutic approaches to overeating or eating disorders...

..Consumer acceptance of these plant-based foods may depend critically on inherited taste factors. This review examines the role of genetic taste markers in determining taste preferences and food choices...

..In summary, compared to normal-weight controls, obese women exhibited greater activation in response to pictures of high-calorie foods in a large number of regions hypothesized to mediate motivational effects of food cues...

To compare children's food preferences longitudinally and identify factors related to food preferences.

..In conjunction with previous results from other paradigms, therefore, our data suggest that the amygdala is vital for learning procedures involving pairings of potent and arbitrary chemosensory stimuli...

....

..The realization that metabolic signals act directly on these non-traditional targets of body energy homeostasis brings opportunities for novel drug targets for the fight against obesity and eating disorders...

..We speculate that this may partially be due to a dissociation of the sensory pathways signaling toward either reflexive behavior or internal reinforcement...

....

..Neurons in the OFC encode economic value, not relative preference. The fact that their responses are menu invariant suggests that transitivity, a fundamental trait of economic choice, may be rooted in the activity of individual neurons...

The present study was conducted to examine the developmental patterning of food preferences in a large sample of British schoolchildren and to investigate possible gender differences...

..The study sought to develop a theoretical understanding of identities related to eating...

..However, the prevalence of overweight has increased. Nutrition policies and interventions together with sociocultural factors have supported the shift towards healthy nutrition. The same factors have promoted overweight, as well...

..Encouraging mothers to develop and maintain health identities may be one way to improve food and eating habits in families...

..It is suggested that the manipulation of these ambient factors as a whole or individually may be used therapeutically to alter food intake and that more attention needs to be paid to ambience in nutrition-related research...

..These findings are consistent with the view that chronic stressors and inflammatory immune activation may represent a common denominator subserving the frequent comorbidity between these illnesses...

..We examined effects of socio-economic status (SES) factors on diet quality and fruits and vegetables intake among US adults and effect modification by nutrition knowledge and beliefs...

..Individual differences in D(2) receptor function in the striatum may influence behaviour of rats in novel situations...

..Some coping strategies exacerbated feelings of stress. These findings have implications for family nutrition, food expenditures, nutritional self-efficacy, social connections, food assistance policy, and work place strategies...

..The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression suggests that loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may increase susceptibility for depression-like behavior, although direct evidence is lacking...

..of defined variability in leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin, proopiomelanocortin and ghrelin genes with food preferences in the obese and non-obese Czech population and evaluate their potential as the obesity susceptibility genes.

..This very small percentage suggests that such information should be more prominently displayed, such as on restaurant menu boards, to help customers make informed decisions...

..An association between TAS2R38 genotype and food preferences has been found among children, but no associations have been reported among older adults...

..In conclusion, stress can induce differential long-term effects on sensitivity to positive stimuli and the response to novelty depending on stress modality...

..These findings lead us to recommend that increased attention be placed on cognitive eating behaviors of low-income adults to improve their diet quality...

..Identifying these four constructs allows nutrition professionals to target interventions as well as trust and support the individual's own capabilities and tendency to learn and grow...

..Assess validity of the ecSatter Inventory (ecSI) to measure eating competence (EC)...

..Explore the relationship between eating competence (EC) and biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..However, a significant increase in BDNF mRNA levels in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus correlated with chronic antidepressant treatment emphasizing a role for BDNF in the mechanisms underlying antidepressant activity...

To investigate Edmonton Meals on Wheels (MOW) recipients' food preferences and meal satisfaction.

..The findings suggest that DA signaling within different components of a distributed brain network is involved in sugar-based flavor preferences. A possible role of DA in conditioned increases in flavor acceptance is discussed...

..The salient paradox of coexistence of anhedonia and increased novelty-seeking behavior was critically discussed...

..To consider the hypothesis that addiction to food, or more specifically sucrose, plays a role in obesity and eating disorders...

..Saccharin intake of CMS rats was dependent upon their dehydration state and could not be attributed to stress-induced anhedonia...

..This suggests that television food advertisement exposure can produce the same 'obesigenic' food preference response found in overweight and obese children in their normal weight counterparts...

..In addition, we describe the prevalence of parentally perceived eating problems and how they relate to specific behaviors, food preferences, and growth in the child.

....

..However, postingestive effects can influence food preferences independently of palatability, although the neurobiological bases of such mechanisms remain poorly understood...

..Hence, palatable food offsets normal appetite regulation, which may explain the increasing problem of obesity worldwide...

Although individuals differ substantially in their flavor and food preferences, the source of such differences remains a mystery...

..In addition, individuals appear to exhibit distinct preferences for particular flavours at different time points during treatment...

..This sex difference parallels previous findings of greater reciprocity in female brown capuchins than in males...

..Within this context, our findings, together with others indicating that nicotine exposure during adolescence enhances risk for addiction later in life, could serve as a potential model of comorbidity...

..To relate meal pattern of Swedish adolescents to food choice, nutrient intake and other lifestyle factors...

..We suggest that for frugivorous bats, roosts can serve as centres for information exchange about novel and familiar, ephemeral foods without requiring conspecific recruitment to these resources...

..focuses on how genetic predispositions interact with aspects of the eating environment to produce phenotypic food preferences. Predispositions include the unlearned, reflexive reactions to basic tastes: the preference for sweet and ..

....

..Existing data was reexamined to determine changes in beverage consumption and associations between beverages consumed and BMI Z-score in children (n = 164) across two years...

..twin sample and empirical groupings of food types, would give stronger evidence for the heritability of food preferences. OBJECTIVE: We examined the heritability of preferences for four food groups in a sample of young twins...

..On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that controlling CNS specific immune activity by immunization with a myelin-related peptide may have an antidepressant effect...

..Serotonin functions through MOD-1, a serotonin-gated chloride channel expressed in sensory interneurons, to promote aversive learning. An increase in serotonin may represent the negative reinforcing stimulus in pathogenic infection...

..Identifying genes involved in the excess consumption of dietary fat will be an important key to our understanding of the genetic disposition toward common dietary obesity...

..These results indicate that a true aversion is formed to the taste of a diet that is deficient in an essential amino acid...

..Results indicated that the children preferred fewer types of food items within groups than their families; however, family food preferences appeared to influence food selection more than the diagnostic characteristics of autism.

..That the effects of differential formula feeding also modified children's food preferences is suggested by mothers' reports that children fed hydrolysate or soy formulas were significantly more likely ..

..To determine whether a short set of questions about foods in the household can provide information about the fat-related dietary behaviour of individual household members in less-acculturated Chinese populations...

..It was predicted that the exposure condition would increase liking for, and consumption of, the vegetable relative to either the reward or control group...

..Furthermore, saccharin versus sucrose choice tests indicate that optimal saccharin solutions (0.2-0.4%) are "isopreferred" to only dilute sucrose solutions (2-4%). Thus, at best, saccharin is only a weak surrogate for sugar...

....

..The similarity of changes across all age groups furthers the assertion that broad-based environmental changes are needed to improve the diets of Americans...

..Consuming take-away meals and eating in restaurants appear to satisfy the consumer's need for convenience more adequately...

..Consistent with hypotheses, the findings showed different comfort food preferences across gender and across age...

..4% oil solutions. These data suggest that, calorie-for-calorie, sucrose is the dominant reinforcing component of novel foods that contain a mixture of fat, sucrose, and flavor...

..Thus, this study examined the independent effects of package unit size and amount of food on intake. It was hypothesized that both variables would influence intake...

..It was hypothesized that the influence of environmental stimuli on food intake would be mediated by arousal...

..Genetic sensitivity to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) has been reported to determine preferences for bitter, sweet, and fat-containing foods, affect dietary habits, influence body weight, and modify chronic disease risk...

..They also represent behavioral targets for designing and testing clinical interventions...

..08-.09). Openness was associated with healthy eating habits--findings that may affect disease prevention during, midlife...

Opiate use has been associated with preference for sweets in both humans and animals. In 2002, the food preferences and eating habits of non-institutionalized patients in methadone treatment and controls were measured and compared...

..Restriction did not change food reinforcement. These data suggest that eating a portion of a highly palatable food every day decreases its reinforcing value. Implications for weight control are discussed...

..Decreasing ED by incorporating more vegetables into recipes is an effective way of reducing children's EI while increasing their vegetable intake...

..Women tended to eat more grapes when not stressed than when stressed and more M&Ms when stressed than when not stressed. Thus, the effect of stress level on food choice is different for men and women...

..The differential satiating effects of fat and carbohydrate may contribute to these density-dependent preferences...

..These novel findings suggest that the PROP bitter-taste phenotype contributes to the development of vegetable acceptance and consumption patterns during early childhood...

..The sweets scale correlated with M&M and jelly bean intake, but not chip intake. The fats scale correlated only with intake of regular potato chips...

..Thus, binge-type behavior in the present behavioral model depends upon the schedule of access, not the presence of trans-fats in the shortening...

..Light soft drinks may be perceived as an adequate substitute in the use of foods for comfort, meaning the sweet taste may be sufficient for this purpose...

....

..This study describes an intervention that combines repeated taste exposure and escape prevention in the treatment of extreme food selectivity in two children with autism. Future applications of repeated taste exposure are discussed...

..To examine the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) availability and consumption, the possible influences on this association, research gaps, and implications for developing strategies to increase F&V consumption...

..The nature of optional foods (nutrient composition and physical form) was markedly more important than the number of food sources available to the animals, and is a better contender as the reason for "obesity by choice"...

..Furthermore, the anorectic effects of BDNF in this site appear to be mediated by NPY. These data suggest that the VMH is an important site of action for BDNF in its effects on energy metabolism...

....

..In combination with a sensory-based lab study, these results show that environmental cues--such as label-induced sensory expectations--can have a far-reaching impact on the food intake of companion foods...

..The second section briefly considers the effect of learning on meal size, and the author revisits the question of how learned associations might come to influence energy intake in humans...

..Proliferation of large portions of snack and fast foods parallels dramatic increases in childhood obesity. This study investigates the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of large portions in children's diets...

....

..Study 2 shows that taste preferences were the strongest mediator of gender differences in FV intakes among children; the fact that girls eat more could for a large extend be explained by there stronger taste preferences...

..These data provide further evidence for flavor-nutrient learning in adults and they highlight a hitherto unexplored and potentially important difference between restrained and unrestrained eaters...

..The identification of strains with diverging abilities to regulate kilocalorie intake when presented with high Intralipid concentrations may lead to the successful mapping of genes related to hedonics and obesity...

..Older people frequently have poor food intake. This present study investigated the effect of dietary variety on food intake in younger and older people...

..Animal source food consumption was a key component of FPOH and its intake also increased...

..These findings indicate that limiting variety across several days reduces hedonics of the limited food...

..However, understanding what determines an individual's dietary preferences and how to change his/her behavior remains limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between dietary intake and SOC in adults...

..These results parallel previous pharmacological findings indicating that reduction of serotonin activity interferes with conditioned gaping, but not conditioned taste avoidance...

..Sensory-specific satiety has been found to play an important role in food choice and meal termination, and it might be a factor contributing to obesity...

Dietary composition is an important contributor to childhood overweight risk, but interventions to alter food preferences (and therefore choices) have limited efficacy...

..100 well-matched typical controls, on their ability to detect and identify odorants and tastes, pattern of food preferences, and degree of social impairment...

..This includes preschool age children, which is a major concern since food preferences and eating habits developed in early childhood track into later childhood and early adulthood...

..origins of nutrient selection, and the extent to which genetic makeup or early food experience can determine food preferences and aversions, basic knowledge is needed about how the taste papilla sense organs develop...

..origins of nutrient selection, and the extent to which genetic makeup or early food experience can determine food preferences and aversions, basic knowledge is needed about how the taste papilla sense organs develop...

..100 well-matched typical controls, on their ability to detect and identify odorants and tastes, pattern of food preferences, and degree of social impairment...

..In all studies, the role of individual characteristics (such as weight status, dietary restraint, and food preferences) in determining responsiveness to meal manipulations will be investigated...

..In all studies, the role of individual characteristics (such as weight status, dietary restraint, and food preferences) in determining responsiveness to meal manipulations will be investigated...

..In all studies, the role of individual characteristics (such as weight status, dietary restraint, and food preferences) in determining responsiveness to meal manipulations will be investigated...

..Our hypothesis is that CD36-mediated sensing of LCFA affects people's food preferences, choices, and consumption...

..these results will provide information on the potential link between caffeine use and the development of food preferences, in particular preference for foods and beverage with high levels of added sugar...

..with the dietary guidelines, in rural, urban, low- and middle-income AA populations; and iii) define the food preferences, practices and purchasing patterns, in rural, urban, low- and middle-income AA populations...

..variables; peer and media influence; and girls' regulation of energy intake, onset of dieting body image, food preferences and food intake patterns...

..children, and to parlay these findings into improved interventions to shape children's eating behavior and food preferences. She will approach this goal through obtaining unique interdisciplinary training in cognitive developmental ..

..risk of obesity depends on many factors, parents are the key players in shaping the home environment, diet, food preferences, and physical activity levels...

..Since children's food preferences and practices are initiated early in life (e.g...

..There is substantial evidence that children?s food preferences and eating patterns are initiated early in life and parents are the primary influence on the child?s emerging ..

..outcome will be self-reported child preferences for fruits and vegetables, measured at follow-up with the food preferences card sorting task (CST) developed previously in POWER PLUS...

..Since children's food preferences and practices are initiated early in life (e.g...

..Researchers have found that tasters and non-tasters differ in their food preferences, selection, and body weights...

..intake in mice will help us to understand the contribution of genetic versus environmental factors affecting food preferences in humans...

..Odor hedonics (pleasantness and unpleasantness) are a major factor in such varied functions as food preferences and social affiliations, thus understanding how hedonic valence is incorporated into odor representation ..

..Odor hedonics (pleasantness and unpleasantness) are a major factor in such varied functions as food preferences and social affiliations, thus understanding how hedonic valence is incorporated into odor representation ..

..Learning also plays an important role in modifying and strengthening food preferences, although much less is known about the neurocircuitry involved...

..Retronasal olfaction may also be differentially sensitive to the fat content of food thus contributing to food preferences that are very relevant to the issue of obesity...

..However, our understanding of how food preferences, eating habits and skills are learned is still very rudimentary...

Background. Community-based studies are needed that examine the effect of parent behaviors on the developing food preferences and dietary patterns of young children...

Background. Community-based studies are needed that examine the effect of parent behaviors on the developing food preferences and dietary patterns of young children...