carbohydrate conformation

..The detailed knowledge of this very complex glycosylation system of the gastropods will be a valuable tool to understand the principle rules of glycosylation in all organisms...

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..Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the genetic origin of paucimannosidic glycans in nematodes, plants, and insects involves highly divergent members of the same hexosaminidase gene family...

..Thus, LPS glucosylation promotes bacterial invasion and evasion of innate immunity, which may have contributed to the emergence of serotype diversity in Shigella...

..All CCM structures, including multiple isomers, were determined without chromatography by gas-phase disassembly (MS(n)) in Paul and linear ion trap (IT) instruments...

..In summary, the glycosylation profile of seminal plasma glycoproteins is consistent with the modulation of the adaptive but not the innate arm of the human immune response...

..The division of synthesis and processing between the ER and the Golgi complex represents an evolutionary adaptation that allows efficient exploitation of the potential of oligosaccharides...

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..Thus, for each AT binding sequence longer than AGA*IA, the interactions with the protein could differ and give to each heparin fragment a specific biological response...

..Several of these conformations correspond to the experimentally observed ones. The ability of coordination with cations has also been explored, resulting in a preferential stereospecificity for calcium ions when compared to sodium ions...

..The influence of the charged groups upon the magnitudes of spin-spin coupling constants is also discussed...

..cholerae strain, is not a "conformational epitope" requiring a certain critical size for antigenicity as has been reported for several other bacterial capsular antigens...

..These assignments now allow resolved, unambiguous structural restraints to be acquired on this oligosaccharide and extrapolated to models for the solution conformation of the polymer...

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..A web interface has been established (http://www.dkfz.de/spec/glydict/), which enables to input any N-glycan of interest and to receive an ensemble of generated conformations within a few minutes...

..Our data and those of others suggest that although DNA can tolerate modifications with RNA-like (North) nucleotides, a more complicated spectrum of changes emerges with modifications restricted to South (DNA-like) puckers...

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..We confirmed that the characteristic substructures extracted by our method correspond to the substructures which are known as the species-specific sugar chain of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidases in the kidney...

..The more efficient processive degradation mechanism has come to be preferred for the unsulfated substrate hyaluronan...

..Because we use similarity scores as opposed to a distance metric, our methods are more readily used to display trees of higher similarity. We present the two methods developed for this purpose and illustrate its validity...

..Furthermore, tools to crosslink the PDB and carbohydrate databases and to check the integrity of carbohydrate 3D structures are included. The service is available at (www.dkfz.de/spec/css/)...

..CONTACT: SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The glycan score matrix can be downloaded from http://kanehisa.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp/Paper/kcam/glycanMatrix0.1.txt...

..These results provide further tentative ties between chemical structure, water interactions, and the emergent form and function of specific sugars and linkages in oligosaccharides...

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..Therefore, this case is different than that described for the controversial recognition of heparin-like saccharides by AT-III, which seems to recognize just one conformation of the iduronic acid residues...

..These previously not-recognized transitions are responsible for the characteristic plateau in the force-extension relationship of dextran...

..Approximately 5 mol % of all disaccharide units were substituted by Glc in the CS-E preparation used...

..Thus, our discovery has important implications for GBS pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and vaccine design...

..The upcoming glycomics should accept that unrestricted dissemination of scientific data accelerates scientific findings and initiates a number of new initiatives to explore the data...

..Interestingly, the gas phase conformations of the three tetrasaccharide ions with different primary structures were significantly different...

..This representation can be used as a basis for modeling the association between HA and proteins, which will elucidate important aspects of extracellular matrix assembly...

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..Influences of the charged groups upon the magnitudes of spin-spin coupling constants are also discussed...

..Recently, comprehensive data about the structure and function of glycans have been accumulated, therefore the need for methods and algorithms to analyze these data is growing fast...

..No sequence homology was found with other previously cloned fucosyltransferases, but the enzyme appears to be a type II transmembrane protein like the other glycosyltransferases...

..001) with the expected conformational equilibrium for this residue in solution. This behavior explains the known effect of different heparin compositions, at the monosaccharide level, on IdoA2S conformation in biological solutions...

..Compared with traditional NMR methods, data acquisition is easy and data analysis is straightforward...

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..The geometry derived is compared to that for similar molecules that have been reported in the literature, and prospects for use of the new types of data in the study of protein-bound oligosaccharides are discussed...

..To provide access to known carbohydrate structures a "composition search" in the open access database GLYCOSCIENCES.de can be performed. The service is available at the URL: www.eurocarbdb.org/applications/ms-tools...

..Stable isotope-labeled heparin was indistinguishable from heparin derived from animal tissues and is a novel reagent for studying the interaction of heparin with proteins...

..T cells activated by LAM produced interferon gamma and were cytolytic. Thus, an important class of microbial molecules, the lipoglycans, is a part of the universe of foreign antigens recognized by human T cells...

..Examples on proteins and oligosaccharides are presented which cover a wide range of sizes and shapes, along with a scheme for the application of the method to the analysis of flexible molecules...

..New equations pertaining to (2)J(HH) and (3)J(HH) have been applied to the analysis of hydroxymethyl group J-couplings in several mono- and oligosaccharides, yielding information on C5-C6 and/or C6-O6 rotamer populations...

..A Web interface (http://www.dkfz.de/spec/linucs/) has been created that directly converts the commonly used extended representation of complex carbohydrates into the preferred canonical description or into its inverted form...

..Characteristic glycosylation features that appeared in differentiated osteoblasts included abundant sulfate ester modifications. The results show that glycosylation analysis can be used to evaluate MSC differentiation state...

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..Current NMR and molecular modelling studies are being extended to longer heparin oligosaccharides as well as to heparins with "glycol-split" residues along their chains...

..These findings correlate defective function of growth factors with their mode of HS interaction and may help explain the partly modest organ phenotypes observed after genetic ablation of selected enzymes in HS biosynthesis...

..Differences in the shapes of species with the IdoA in skew and in chair conformations and in the distribution of the sulfate groups have also been highlighted...

..These conclusions are likely to be applicable to the study of the structure and dynamics of other nitrogen-containing carbohydrates...

..The population of conformers in heparin and other biologically active GAGs has also been estimated using the computed coupling constants...

..The results reported here provide a quantitative explanation of the conformational behavior of (1-->6)-linked carbohydrates...

..A detailed online tutorial is available at http://www.dkfz.de/spec2/sweetdb/nar/...

..Evidence is also provided that the protein drives the conformation of the 2-O-sulphated iduronic acid residue towards the skewed (2)S(0) form...

..A comparison of the crystal structure of the complex and a molecular dynamics simulation of the octasaccharide with explicit water molecules suggest that only minor conformational changes are needed upon binding to the tailspike protein...

..For the alpha-(1,3)-linkage, however, the downfield shift for the signal of O(2)H of the 3-substituted residue together with the ROE between this proton and H5' on the next residue suggest some weak inter-residue interactions...

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..The structural information obtained for the substrates in the active site of GnT-V can be useful in the design of inhibitors for GnT-V...

..Glycosylation of 11 with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronate trichloroacetimidate and subsequent deprotection gave the target hexasaccharide...

..IgE-reactivity of the patient's serum can also be tested towards a glycoprotein model such as bromelain...

..Crystals were also obtained for a mutated lectin complexed with a fragment of xyloglucan, a fucosylated polysaccharide from the primary cell wall of plants, which may be the biological target of the lectin...

..The loaded resin was readily separated from side products by filtration and finally treated with acid to release the pure oligosaccharide product...

..The idealized repeating unit of this novel structure is [carbohydrate structure: see text] being m approximately 41, n approximately 2, and p approximately 5...

..Furthermore, the beta anomers of the acceptor gave almost exclusive substitution at O-4. These observations confirm and extend the utility of these 'matching' donor and acceptor reactivities...

..Spectral assignment of these endogenously O-acetylated oligosaccharides makes it possible to deduce correlations between their structural features and the chemical shifts of diagnostic resonances in their NMR spectra...

..In the course of the work, the beta-(1-->6), beta-(1-->6)-linked analogue 8 of 6 and 6-O- and 4-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-deoxynojirimycins 7 and 9, respectively, were also produced...

..The structures of MVL and the MVL-Man3GlcNAc2 complex further our understanding of the molecular basis of high affinity and specificity in protein-carbohydrate recognition...

..These results provided new information about the specificity of the catalytic sites of CGTase and amyloglucosidase. They also offered new ways for the synthesis of regioselectively modified maltooligosaccharides...

..Comparison of CPO activity and Stokes radius between native and deglycosylated CPO suggests that the N-linked oligosaccharides influence the enzyme activity by stabilizing its folded state...

..Interestingly, the estimated number of O-glycans attached to native BSSL was lower than that for the recombinant forms...

..The described technology should bring high-performance glycosylation analysis within reach of each life sciences lab and thus help expedite the pace of discovery in the field of glycobiology...

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..The results presented here indicate that although several linkages show less conformational flexibility, terminal linkages can be quite flexible...

..1 equiv for a peracetylated disaccharide one. In the glycosylation products, the N-trichloroacetyl group was easily converted into N-acetyl by alkaline hydrolysis followed by N-acetylation...

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..Based on these data, binding affinities for subsites were calculated. Substrate binding site contained at least five binding sites for sugar residues...

..These estimates further suggest that the enthalpic gains of the additional sugar-MBP interactions in a trisaccharide as opposed to a monosaccharide are offset by entropic penalties, offering an explanation for previous binding data...

..The effect on the alpha Gal(1-3)Gal fragment is less marked. In the presence of fucose, the terminal alpha Gal residue can still adopt two different conformations, but the equilibrium populations are modified...

..fuhsii, a phenylethanoid glycoside, verpectoside A (3), and a flavon glycoside, isoscutellarein 7-O-(2"-O-6"-O-acetyl-beta-D-allopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (4) from V. multifida were isolated...

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..Site-directed mutagenesis of the asparagine residues at amino acid positions 153, 172, 223, and 354 demonstrate that the protease activity of Asp-2 is dependent on its glycosylation...

..A flexible model of the heptasaccharide was determined in which two structurally well-defined regions involving four and two sugar residues, respectively are joined by a flexible hinge which involves two 1-->6 glycosidic linkages...

..These results demonstrate that N-glycosylation of rgp120 in the baculovirus expression system occurs at all potential sites and is site specific in terms of oligosaccharide structures...

..Most contain fucose (alpha 1-->6)-linked to the terminal non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine...

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..The major single constituent at Asn78 has the following structure: [formula, see text]..

..CD59 has no structural similarity to other complement proteins, but is an example of a plasma protein domain type found also in murine Ly-6 proteins and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor...

..This observation suggests a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of fatty liver...

..The possibility that these O -glycans enable tenascin-R to interact in the CNS either with the myelin associated glycoprotein or with sialoadhesin on activated microglia is discussed...

..Oligosaccharides with the NeuNAcalpha2-6GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc-R motif block adhesive and activation-related events mediated by CD22, suggesting a possible immunoregulatory activity for PSP-I/PSP-II...

..In contrast to NGAL, gelatinase B contains a region rich in Ser, Thr, and Pro typical of O-glycosylated mucin-like domains...

..The described blockwise convergent approach allows assembly of a variety of 3,6-branched mannooligosaccharides...

..The inter-residue NOEs involving the exchangeable NH and OH protons confirmed the stacking interaction between the Fucp linked to the GlcpNAc and the Galp residues in Lewis X and Lewis Y...

..aureus infections. This information may reveal new strategies for the prevention or treatment of S. aureus infections through immunomodulation of the host response to this organism. ..

..g. lung, liver, spleen and lymphocyte damage as well as cancer) health hazards. The project is also expected to advance our knowledge in chemical synthesis and impact favorably the drug discovery and development process. ..

..3] sigmatropic rearrangement and a radical based ring closure to form the bicyclic skeleton. ..

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..The disease areas likely to benefit most from the proposed investigations are bacterial-caused diseases and malaria. ..

..This meeting will provide a unique environment for scientific exchange between a diverse group of investigators in the area of microbial polysaccharides. ..

..Accordingly, it is necessary that any truly valuable method be demonstrated to be readily transferable between the two phases. ..

..The proposed work is expected to have significant impact in the area of cancer chemotherapy and should provide enabling technologies and tools for biology and medicine. ..

..It is hoped that an enhanced understanding of the poor reactivity of these species will enable the development of protecting groups and conditions to circumvent it. ..

..The proposed work is expected to impact the general areas of pharmaceutical and agricultural research, and infectious diseases in particular, through discoveries in synthetic organic chemistry and chemical biology. ..

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..The project is also expected to significantly advance our knowledge in chemical synthesis, chemical biology, and medicine ..

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..create specific LPS mutants and characterize their structural and symbiotic phenotypes, and (3.) determine how a 27OHC28:0-lacking mutant, acpXL::kan, is able to activate an alternative mechanism within the host cell. ..

..Promising compounds will be examined in greater detail with respect to details of the physical interactions with heparin. Further biological activity will be ascertained in chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays. ..

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..create specific LPS mutants and characterize their structural and symbiotic phenotypes, and (3.) determine how a 27OHC28:0-lacking mutant, acpXL::kan, is able to activate an alternative mechanism within the host cell. ..

..These studies will provide important new insights into the immune responses to glycan antigens in parasitic infections and test the potential of glycan-protein conjugates as vaccine candidates for parasitic helminths. ..

..Since inhibitors of sialidase are commercially available, these studies will provide the experimental rationale for testing a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of lung injury. ..

..create specific LPS mutants and characterize their structural and symbiotic phenotypes, and (3.) determine how a 27OHC28:0-lacking mutant, acpXL::kan, is able to activate an alternative mechanism within the host cell. ..

..The demonstration of a spectrum of responses to LPS in these studies may identify the earliest changes in cytokine responses that predict the development of sepsis. ..

..The polysaccharide portions of the LPSs will be isolated and their structures determined by composition, methylation and GC/MS analyses and by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r analyses...

..Based on the results of this proposed work, it should (in the future) be able to identify the genes required for these LPS alterations and to determined how their expression is regulated by the host plant...

..This is to demonstrate that inhibition of cytokine release, if observed, is attributable to the blockade of the cellular recognition of lipoteichoic acid. ..