sex

Summary

Summary: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Species interactions and the evolution of sex
    Sarah P Otto
    Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
    Science 304:1018-20. 2004
  2. ncbi Of what use is sex to bacteria?
    Hema Prasad Narra
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
    Curr Biol 16:R705-10. 2006
  3. ncbi Running with the Red Queen: host-parasite coevolution selects for biparental sex
    Levi T Morran
    Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Science 333:216-8. 2011
  4. ncbi Origin of the cell nucleus, mitosis and sex: roles of intracellular coevolution
    Thomas Cavalier-Smith
    Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK
    Biol Direct 5:7. 2010
  5. ncbi Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures
    David P Schmitt
    Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 62625, USA
    J Pers Soc Psychol 94:168-82. 2008
  6. ncbi Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system
    Anthony M Dart
    Baker Medical Research Institute and Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
    Cardiovasc Res 53:678-87. 2002
  7. ncbi Effect of rearing temperatures during embryonic development on the phenotypic sex in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
    H AboZaid
    Department of Animal Sciences, Aquaculture and Water Ecology, Gottingen, Germany
    Sex Dev 5:259-65. 2011
  8. ncbi Differences between selection on sex versus recombination in red queen models with diploid hosts
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Evolution 63:2131-41. 2009
  9. ncbi Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments
    Lutz Becks
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
    Nature 468:89-92. 2010
  10. ncbi Spatial heterogeneity and the evolution of sex in diploids
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Am Nat 174:S54-70. 2009

Research Grants

  1. Opioid-Induced Immune Alterations: Sex Differences
    DONALD LYSLE; Fiscal Year: 2003
  2. Sex/Gender Factors in Nicotine Addiction
    Nancy K Mello; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. GENDER,NICOTINE AND STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA
    SUSAN GIRDLER; Fiscal Year: 2004
  4. Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program
    Catherine Kim; Fiscal Year: 2010
  5. Center for Neurovisceral Sciences & Women's Health
    Emeran Mayer; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Gender Bias in Lupus: Contribution of Sex Chromosomes
    Ram Raj Singh; Fiscal Year: 2010
  7. Gender Bias in Lupus: Contribution of Sex Chromosomes
    Ram Raj Singh; Fiscal Year: 2010
  8. Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Zebrafish
    JOHN HARVEY POSTLETHWAIT; Fiscal Year: 2010
  9. Developmental programming: influence of sex steroids and mechanisms
    Chandrasekhar Yallampalli; Fiscal Year: 2011
  10. Organochlorine and Gene Expression of Sex Steroids in a Multigenerational Cohort
    Janet Osuch; Fiscal Year: 2009

Detail Information

Publications202 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Species interactions and the evolution of sex
    Sarah P Otto
    Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
    Science 304:1018-20. 2004
    The Red Queen hypothesis posits that sex has evolved in response to the shifting adaptive landscape generated by the evolution of interacting species...
  2. ncbi Of what use is sex to bacteria?
    Hema Prasad Narra
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
    Curr Biol 16:R705-10. 2006
    ..Bacterial sex differs from that of eukaryotes in that it is unidirectional and does not involve gamete fusion or reproduction...
  3. ncbi Running with the Red Queen: host-parasite coevolution selects for biparental sex
    Levi T Morran
    Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Science 333:216-8. 2011
    ..Thus, consistent with the Red Queen hypothesis, coevolving pathogens can select for biparental sex.
  4. ncbi Origin of the cell nucleus, mitosis and sex: roles of intracellular coevolution
    Thomas Cavalier-Smith
    Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK
    Biol Direct 5:7. 2010
    ..Discussions on the origin of sex typically overlook its association with protozoan entry into dormant walled cysts and the likely simultaneous ..
  5. ncbi Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures
    David P Schmitt
    Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 62625, USA
    J Pers Soc Psychol 94:168-82. 2008
    Previous research suggested that sex differences in personality traits are larger in prosperous, healthy, and egalitarian cultures in which women have more opportunities equal with those of men...
  6. ncbi Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system
    Anthony M Dart
    Baker Medical Research Institute and Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
    Cardiovasc Res 53:678-87. 2002
  7. ncbi Effect of rearing temperatures during embryonic development on the phenotypic sex in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
    H AboZaid
    Department of Animal Sciences, Aquaculture and Water Ecology, Gottingen, Germany
    Sex Dev 5:259-65. 2011
    In zebrafish, Danio rerio, a polygenic pattern of sex determination or a female heterogamety with possible influences of environmental factors is assumed...
  8. ncbi Differences between selection on sex versus recombination in red queen models with diploid hosts
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Evolution 63:2131-41. 2009
    The Red Queen hypothesis argues that parasites generate selection for genetic mixing (sex and recombination) in their hosts. A number of recent papers have examined this hypothesis using models with haploid hosts...
  9. ncbi Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments
    Lutz Becks
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
    Nature 468:89-92. 2010
    ..However, direct experiments of the evolution of sex within populations are extremely rare (but see ref. 12)...
  10. ncbi Spatial heterogeneity and the evolution of sex in diploids
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Am Nat 174:S54-70. 2009
    Much of the theoretical work on the evolution of sex has focused on the effects of recombination. In diploids, segregation also occurs during sexual reproduction...
  11. ncbi The advantages of segregation and the evolution of sex
    Sarah P Otto
    Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
    Genetics 164:1099-118. 2003
    ..This article is the first to investigate the possibility that sex might have evolved and been maintained to promote segregation, using a model that incorporates both a general ..
  12. ncbi Sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia
    Jeffrey S Mogil
    Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
    Prog Brain Res 186:141-57. 2010
    ..Research in this field has now begun to concentrate on finding explanations for this sex difference...
  13. ncbi Meta-analysis of sex-specific genome-wide association studies
    Reedik Magi
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
    Genet Epidemiol 34:846-53. 2010
    ..Such sex-differentiated effects are common in model organisms, and are becoming increasingly evident in human complex traits ..
  14. ncbi The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas. XIII. Fitness of long-term sexual and asexual populations in benign environments
    Sébastien Renaut
    Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3H JBI, Canada
    Evolution 60:2272-9. 2006
    ..Recombination between these genotypes reduces mean fitness and creates genetic variance for fitness. This may provide fuel for continued selection should the environment change...
  15. ncbi Experiments with digital organisms on the origin and maintenance of sex in changing environments
    Dusan Misevic
    Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    J Hered 101:S46-54. 2010
    Many theories have been proposed to explain the evolution of sex, but the question remains unsettled owing to a paucity of compelling empirical tests...
  16. ncbi On the origin of sex as vaccination
    Wolfgang Sterrer
    Bermuda Natural History Museum, The Bermuda Aquarium, P O Box FL 145, Flatts FLBX, Bermuda
    J Theor Biol 216:387-96. 2002
    In the theory of the origin of sex as vaccination, I propose that the eukaryote genome accreted from prokaryan symbiont genomes in numerous rounds of lateral gene transfer during which sex diverged from unilateral parasitic infection, as ..
  17. ncbi A phylogenomic inventory of meiotic genes; evidence for sex in Giardia and an early eukaryotic origin of meiosis
    Marilee A Ramesh
    Department of Biology, Roanoke College, Salem, VA 24153, USA
    Curr Biol 15:185-91. 2005
    ..evolutionary innovation in eukaryotic cells, and delineating its history is key to understanding the evolution of sex. Meiosis arose early in eukaryotic evolution, but when and how meiosis arose and whether all eukaryotes have ..
  18. ncbi Identification, characterization and expression of sex-related genes in testes of the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
    Rungnapa Leelatanawit
    Program in Biotechnology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
    Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 152:66-76. 2009
    ..of genes involving gonadal development are an initial step towards understanding reproductive maturation and sex determination of the giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)...
  19. ncbi Evolution of sex: why do organisms shuffle their genotypes?
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G5
    Curr Biol 16:R696-704. 2006
    Sexual processes alter associations among alleles. To understand the evolution of sex, we need to know both the short-term and long-term consequences of changing these genetic associations...
  20. ncbi Origin of sex revisited
    Mauro Santos
    Collegium Budapest, Institute for Advanced Study, Szentháromság u 2, Budapest, Hungary
    Orig Life Evol Biosph 33:405-32. 2003
    Why did sex ever arise in the first place? Why it does not disappear in view of the greater efficiency of asexuals? These are clearly two different questions, and we suggest here that the solution for the origin of sex does not ..
  21. ncbi Sex in the wormcounting and compensating X-chromosome dose
    B J Meyer
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 3204, USA
    Trends Genet 16:247-53. 2000
    The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans counts its X chromosomes to determine sex and to activate the process of dosage compensation, which ensures that males (XO) and hermaphrodites (XX) express equal levels of most X-chromosome products...
  22. ncbi Predicting compulsive Internet use: it's all about sex!
    Gert Jan Meerkerk
    IVO, Addiction Research Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Cyberpsychol Behav 9:95-103. 2006
    ..On a longitudinal basis, spending a lot of time on erotica predicted an increase in CIU 1 year later. The addictive potential of the different applications varies; erotica appears to have the highest potential...
  23. ncbi Women's attitudes to the sex of medical students in a gynaecology clinic: cross sectional survey
    Janice Rymer
    Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas's School of Medicine, London SE11 6SP
    BMJ 325:683-4. 2002
  24. ncbi Predicting the evolution of sex on complex fitness landscapes
    Dusan Misevic
    Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
    PLoS Comput Biol 5:e1000510. 2009
    Most population genetic theories on the evolution of sex or recombination are based on fairly restrictive assumptions about the nature of the underlying fitness landscapes...
  25. ncbi Genetic architecture and the evolution of sex
    Rolf Lohaus
    Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 5001, USA
    J Hered 101:S142-57. 2010
    Theoretical investigations of the advantages of sex have tended to treat the genetic architecture of organisms as static and have not considered that genetic architecture might coevolve with reproductive mode...
  26. ncbi Sex and hedgehog: roles of genes in the hedgehog signaling pathway in mammalian sexual differentiation
    Heather L Franco
    Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
    Chromosome Res 20:247-58. 2012
    ..Here, we review current findings on the roles of hedgehog signaling in the sexually dimorphic development of the reproductive organs with an emphasis on mammals and comparative evidence in other species...
  27. ncbi Serotonin transporter, sex, and hypoxia: microarray analysis in the pulmonary arteries of mice identifies genes with relevance to human PAH
    Kevin White
    Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
    Physiol Genomics 43:417-37. 2011
    ..To further investigate these sex differences, microarray analysis was performed in the pulmonary arteries of normoxic and chronically hypoxic female ..
  28. ncbi Sex differences in social behavior. Are the social role and evolutionary explanations compatible?
    J Archer
    Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, England
    Am Psychol 51:909-17. 1996
    The competing claims of two explanations of sex differences in social behavior, social role theory, and evolutionary psychology are examined...
  29. ncbi Deleterious mutations and selection for sex in finite diploid populations
    Denis Roze
    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Roscoff, France
    Genetics 184:1095-112. 2010
    In diploid populations, indirect benefits of sex may stem from segregation and recombination...
  30. ncbi Perceptual integrality of sex and identity of faces: further evidence for the single-route hypothesis
    Tzvi Ganel
    Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 28:854-67. 2002
    According to current face-recognition models, sex (gender) and identity of faces are processed in independent routes...
  31. ncbi Sex releases the speed limit on evolution
    Nick Colegrave
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Nature 420:664-6. 2002
    Explaining the evolutionary maintenance of sex remains a key problem in evolutionary biology...
  32. ncbi Phenotypic plasticity of hermaphrodite sex allocation promotes the evolution of separate sexes: an experimental test of the sex-differential plasticity hypothesis using Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae)
    Marcel E Dorken
    Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
    Evolution 62:971-8. 2008
    ..nuclear inheritance when unisexuals have more than twice the reproductive fitness of hermaphrodites through one sex function (e.g., when females have more than twice the seed fertility of hermaphrodites)...
  33. ncbi An epidemiological model of host-parasite coevolution and sex
    C M Lively
    Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    J Evol Biol 23:1490-7. 2010
    ..The results suggest that epidemiological feedbacks, combined with frequency-dependent selection, could lead to the long-term persistence of sex under biologically reasonable conditions.
  34. ncbi Sexual behavior and sex-associated environmental cues activate the mesolimbic system in male rats
    Margaret E Balfour
    Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
    Neuropsychopharmacology 29:718-30. 2004
    ..Specifically, the effects of sexual experience and sex-related environmental cues on the activation of several components of the mesolimbic system were studied...
  35. ncbi Sex and evolutionary stability
    Ken Binmore
    Philosophy Department, Bristol University, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS81TB, UK
    J Theor Biol 278:63-73. 2011
    ..An implication is that care is needed in adopting the convenience of an asexual model when examining the behavior of a sexual population in games with nontrivial components of rest points...
  36. ncbi Why sex and recombination?
    N H Barton
    Institute of Science and Technology, A 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 74:187-95. 2009
    b>Sex and recombination have long been seen as adaptations that facilitate natural selection by generating favorable variations...
  37. ncbi Identification of a speaker's sex: a study of vowels
    S P Whiteside
    Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield
    Percept Mot Skills 86:579-84. 1998
    An experiment was carried out to test whether three phonetically naive listeners were able to identify a speaker's sex from brief natural vowel segments...
  38. ncbi Sex reduces genetic variation: a multidisciplinary review
    Root Gorelick
    Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
    Evolution 65:1088-98. 2011
    For over a century, the paradigm has been that sex invariably increases genetic variation, despite many renowned biologists asserting that sex decreases most genetic variation...
  39. ncbi Evolutionary vestigialization of sex in a clonal plant: selection versus neutral mutation in geographically peripheral populations
    Marcel E Dorken
    Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 271:2375-80. 2004
    ..These observations suggest that selection has facilitated the vestigialization of sex, and thus do not support the neutral mutation hypothesis...
  40. ncbi Identification of the sex genes in an early diverged fungus
    Alexander Idnurm
    Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    Nature 451:193-6. 2008
    b>Sex determination in fungi is controlled by a small, specialized region of the genome in contrast to the large sex-specific chromosomes of animals and some plants...
  41. ncbi Refined mapping of the Pierce's disease resistance locus, PdR1, and Sex on an extended genetic map of Vitis rupestris x V. arizonica
    S Riaz
    Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
    Theor Appl Genet 113:1317-29. 2006
    ..5 cM. Ninety-four of the 210 markers on the consensus map were new. The 'Sex' expression locus segregated as single major gene was mapped to linkage group 2 on the consensus and the male map...
  42. ncbi Why are there so many theories for sex, and what do we do with them?
    Stephanie Meirmans
    Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
    J Hered 101:S3-12. 2010
    It is widely known that there exists a multitude of possible explanations for the maintenance of sex; however, it is less clear how to handle such an explanatory pluralism...
  43. ncbi Male sex drive and the maintenance of sex: evidence from Drosophila
    Rama S Singh
    Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    J Hered 101:S100-6. 2010
    ..is very common among multicellular organisms-has been proposed as an important factor in the maintenance of sex, though in order for this hypothesis to hold, the strength of sexual selection must be stronger in males than in ..
  44. ncbi Complementation, genetic conflict, and the evolution of sex and recombination
    Marco Archetti
    Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 2902, USA
    J Hered 101:S21-33. 2010
    ..Thus recombination does not require any advantage at the individual or population level...
  45. ncbi Expression of sex and reproduction-related genes in Marsupenaeus japonicus
    Tamera R Callaghan
    CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2113, Australia
    Mar Biotechnol (NY) 12:664-77. 2010
    ..At PL110, seven of the ESTs were detected in females only, and seven ESTs were detected in males only. Sex-specific expression at this developmental stage indicates that these ESTs act as important gonadal development ..
  46. ncbi Genome structure and the benefit of sex
    Richard A Watson
    Natural Systems Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
    Evolution 65:523-36. 2011
    ..We conclude that there are conditions in which sexuals can systematically evolve high-fitness genotypes that are essentially unevolvable for asexuals...
  47. ncbi Sex increases the efficacy of natural selection in experimental yeast populations
    Matthew R Goddard
    NERC Centre for Population Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
    Nature 434:636-40. 2005
    Why sex evolved and persists is a problem for evolutionary biology, because sex disrupts favourable gene combinations and requires an expenditure of time and energy...
  48. ncbi Test of synergistic interactions among deleterious mutations in bacteria
    S F Elena
    Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
    Nature 390:395-8. 1997
    ..The mutational deterministic hypothesis postulates that sex is an adaptation that allows deleterious mutations to be purged from the genome; it requires synergistic ..
  49. ncbi The prevalence and evolution of sex in microorganisms
    Jianping Xu
    Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
    Genome 47:775-80. 2004
    The origin of sex and how sex is maintained are among the biggest puzzles in biology. Most investigations into this problem have focused on complex eukaryotes like animals and plants...
  50. ncbi Evolution. Why sex?
    Rasmus Nielsen
    Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Kbh Ø Denmark
    Science 311:960-1. 2006
  51. ncbi Why have sex? The population genetics of sex and recombination
    S P Otto
    Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
    Biochem Soc Trans 34:519-22. 2006
    ..with those of another individual? Mathematical models are especially important in developing predictions about when sex and recombination can evolve, because it is difficult to intuit the outcome of evolution with several interacting ..
  52. ncbi Sex as a response to oxidative stress: the effect of antioxidants on sexual induction in a facultatively sexual lineage
    Aurora M Nedelcu
    Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 6E1, Canada
    Proc Biol Sci 270:S136-9. 2003
    The evolution of sex is one of the long-standing unsolved problems in biology...
  53. ncbi Evolution of neuronal patterning in free-living rhabditid nematodes I: Sex-specific serotonin-containing neurons
    Curtis M Loer
    Department of Biology, University of San Diego, California 92110, USA
    J Comp Neurol 502:736-67. 2007
    ..elegans; this paper focuses on sex-specific neurons such as the egg laying hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs), VCs, and male CAs, CPs, and ray ..
  54. ncbi Searching for the advantages of virus sex
    Paul E Turner
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
    Orig Life Evol Biosph 33:95-108. 2003
    b>Sex (genetic exchange) is a nearly universal phenomenon in biological populations. But this is surprising given the costs associated with sex...
  55. ncbi The effects of sex and mutation rate on adaptation in test tubes and to mouse hosts by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Brian Grimberg
    Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
    Evolution Int J Org Evolution 59:431-8. 2005
    Some hypotheses for the evolution of sex focus on adaptation to changing or heterogeneous environments, but these hypotheses have rarely been tested...
  56. ncbi Host-parasite coevolution and selection on sex through the effects of segregation
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
    Am Nat 168:617-29. 2006
    ..to keep apace of coevolving species has been invoked as a major explanation for the evolution and maintenance of sex (the Red Queen hypothesis)...
  57. ncbi The evolution of sex and recombination in response to abiotic or coevolutionary fluctuations in epistasis
    Sylvain Gandon
    Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS IRD 2724, IRD, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
    Genetics 175:1835-53. 2007
    Evolutionary biologists have identified several factors that could explain the widespread phenomena of sex and recombination...
  58. ncbi Sex as a response to oxidative stress: a twofold increase in cellular reactive oxygen species activates sex genes
    Aurora M Nedelcu
    Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
    Proc Biol Sci 271:1591-6. 2004
    ..we presented evidence that in a facultatively sexual lineage--the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri--sex is an additional response to increased levels of stress, and probably ROS and DNA damage. Here we show that, in V...
  59. ncbi Effects of infant sex on mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 according to timing of infection in Zimbabwe
    Ellen G Piwoz
    Academy for Educational Development, Washington DC, USA
    AIDS 20:1981-4. 2006
    We examined the relationship between sex and the risk of intrauterine, intrapartum and postnatal HIV transmission among 4495 infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Harare, Zimbabwe. Intrauterine transmission was 8...
  60. ncbi Sex, race and social role--history and the social determinants of health
    Stephen J Kunitz
    Int J Epidemiol 36:3-10. 2007
  61. ncbi Prevalence and incidence of pharyngeal gonorrhea in a longitudinal sample of men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE study
    Sheldon R Morris
    Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 43:1284-9. 2006
    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gonorrhea of the pharynx among select samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) ranges from 9% to 15%...
  62. ncbi Sex: is giardia doing it in the dark?
    C William Birky
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Sciences West, Tuscon, Arizona 85721, USA
    Curr Biol 15:R56-8. 2005
    ..The protist Giardia has long been considered strictly asexual. Now genes specific for meiotic recombination have been found in the Giardia genome, but their consequences for genetics, epidemiology and evolution remain unknown...
  63. ncbi Sex in flies: what 'body--mind' dichotomy?
    Troy R Shirangi
    Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry Department, 185 Meeting Street Box G L368, Providence, RI 02912, USA
    Dev Biol 306:10-9. 2007
    ..fruitless (fruM) is a major component inducing male behaviors, but recent work indicates key roles for other sex-specific and sex-non-specific components...
  64. ncbi Sex ratios and the risks of haematological malignancies
    Ray A Cartwright
    Leukaemia Research Fund Centre for Clinical Epidemiology at the University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
    Br J Haematol 118:1071-7. 2002
    Although the sex of an individual confers one of the greatest of the known risks for contracting leukaemia and lymphomas, very little attention is paid to these risks...
  65. ncbi Gaze behavior in face comparison: the roles of sex, task, and symmetry
    Regine Armann
    Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany
    Atten Percept Psychophys 71:1107-26. 2009
    ..and performance was examined in two tasks of parametrically varying difficulty, using two types of face stimuli (sex morphs and identity morphs)...
  66. ncbi The advantage of sex in evolving yeast populations
    C Zeyl
    Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
    Nature 388:465-8. 1997
    b>Sex is a general feature of the life cycle of eukaryotes. It is not universal, however, as many organisms seem to lack sex entirely...
  67. ncbi Sex, hormones, and repolarization
    Thai V Pham
    Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, PH7W-321, New York, NY 10032, USA
    Cardiovasc Res 53:740-51. 2002
    ..This review discusses recent advances and prospects for further elucidation of the influence of gender and gonadal steroids on ventricular repolarization and arrhythmias...
  68. ncbi Sex differences in the influence of mothers on the sociosexual preferences of their offspring
    K M Kendrick
    Department of Neurobiology, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
    Horm Behav 40:322-38. 2001
    ..There are no sex differences in effects on these behaviors, and other species-specific behavior patterns such as aggression, ..
  69. ncbi Sexual selection and the maintenance of sexual reproduction
    A F Agrawal
    Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405 3700, USA
    Nature 411:692-5. 2001
    ..The twofold cost of sex exists because of anisogamy or gamete dimorphism-egg-producing females make a larger contribution to the zygote ..
  70. ncbi Why sex and recombination?
    N H Barton
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Science 281:1986-90. 1998
    ..The effect of sex and recombination in breaking down negative correlations between favorable variants at different genetic loci, ..
  71. ncbi Cultural transmission in a demographic study of sex ratio at birth in China's future
    N Li
    Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    Theor Popul Biol 58:161-72. 2000
    A decline in fertility causes an increase in the sex ratio at birth (SRB) in countries with strong son preference. What happens to the SRB if fertility is maintained at a low level depends on the evolution of son preference...
  72. ncbi Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sex
    P D Keightley
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Science 290:331-3. 2000
    ..In species with short generation times, U is predicted to be far below 1, suggesting that sex is not maintained by its capacity to purge the genome of deleterious mutations.
  73. ncbi Mutation and sex in a competitive world
    J R Peck
    Centre for the Study of Evolution, The University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
    Nature 406:399-404. 2000
    ..has substantial implications for a variety of important problems in population biology, including the evolution of sex, the rate of adaptation and the conservation of small populations...
  74. ncbi Sex and the evolution of intrahost competition in RNA virus phi6
    P E Turner
    Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    Genetics 150:523-32. 1998
    b>Sex allows beneficial mutations that occur in separate lineages to be fixed in the same genome...
  75. ncbi Telomeres, sex, reactive oxygen species, and human cardiovascular aging
    Abraham Aviv
    Hypertension Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
    J Mol Med (Berl) 80:689-95. 2002
    ..may be modified by reactive oxygen species, the biology of which is governed by processes that are influenced by sex. Indices of cardiovascular aging in humans are correlated with telomere length and this relationship is ..
  76. ncbi A mixability theory for the role of sex in evolution
    Adi Livnat
    Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:19803-8. 2008
    The question of what role sex plays in evolution is still open despite decades of research. It has often been assumed that sex should facilitate the increase in fitness...
  77. ncbi Impact of sex and gender on irritable bowel syndrome
    Margaret Heitkemper
    Dept of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, Box 357266, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Biol Res Nurs 5:56-65. 2003
    ..This review addresses the topic of possible sex (genetic, biological) and gender (experiential, perceptual) differences in individuals with and without IBS...
  78. ncbi Sex specific effects of heat induced hormesis in Hsf-deficient Drosophila melanogaster
    J G Sørensen
    Aarhus Centre for Environmental Stress Research, Genetics and Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, Building 1540, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
    Exp Gerontol 42:1123-9. 2007
    ..However, the results also suggest that other processes are involved and that different mechanisms might have marked sex specific impact.
  79. ncbi Imperfect genes, Fisherian mutation and the evolution of sex
    J R Peck
    School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
    Genetics 145:1171-99. 1997
    ..We have used computer simulation methods to apply the Fisherian mutation model to the problem of the evolution of sex and recombination...
  80. ncbi Facultative sexual reproduction under frequency-dependent selection on a single locus
    Atsushi Yamauchi
    Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami Hirano, Otsu 520 2113, Japan
    J Theor Biol 221:411-24. 2003
    ..This indicated that the evolution of sex should be considered carefully with respect to the possibility of invasion of facultative sex.
  81. ncbi Sex and gender factors in medical studies: implications for health and clinical practice
    Vivian W Pinn
    Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 1, Room 201, Bethesda, MD 20892-0161, USA
    JAMA 289:397-400. 2003
  82. ncbi Sex, dose, and equality
    Brian Oliver
    Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
    PLoS Biol 5:e340. 2007
  83. ncbi Sexual selection and maintenance of sex: evidence from comparisons of rates of genomic accumulation of mutations and divergence of sex-related genes in sexual and hermaphroditic species of Caenorhabditis
    Carlo G Artieri
    Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    Mol Biol Evol 25:972-9. 2008
    ..Here, we examine the advantages of dioecy versus hermaphroditism by comparing the rate of evolution in sex-related genes and the rate of accumulation of deleterious mutations using a large number of orthologs (11,493) in ..
  84. ncbi Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens
    Richard E Michod
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
    Infect Genet Evol 8:267-85. 2008
    Explaining the adaptive value of sex is one of the great outstanding problems in biology. The challenge comes from the difficulty in identifying the benefits provided by sex, which must outweigh the substantial costs of sex...
  85. ncbi Effects of sex, gonadectomy, and oestrogen substitution on ischaemic preconditioning and ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice
    X Song
    Crafoord Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockhom, Sweden
    Acta Physiol Scand 177:459-66. 2003
    ..METHODS: We studied a possible influence of sex and oestrogen for protection in IPC...
  86. ncbi The ecological cost of sex
    C P Doncaster
    Division of Biodiversity and Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
    Nature 404:281-5. 2000
    Why sex prevails in nature remains one of the great puzzles of evolution. Sexual reproduction has an immediate cost relative to asexual reproduction, as males only express their contribution to population growth through females...
  87. ncbi Sexual reproduction selects for robustness and negative epistasis in artificial gene networks
    Ricardo B R Azevedo
    Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204 5001, USA
    Nature 440:87-90. 2006
    The mutational deterministic hypothesis for the origin and maintenance of sexual reproduction posits that sex enhances the ability of natural selection to purge deleterious mutations after recombination brings them together into single ..
  88. ncbi Evolution of plant breeding systems
    Deborah Charlesworth
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Lab King s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Curr Biol 16:R726-35. 2006
    ..Among the different plant mating systems, it is useful to distinguish two types of systems: 'sex systems', hermaphroditic versus male/female and other situations; and the 'mating systems' of hermaphroditic ..
  89. ncbi Bacterial solutions to the problem of sex
    J Arjan G M de Visser
    Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
    PLoS Biol 5:e245. 2007
  90. ncbi Why are sex and recombination so common?
    Lilach Hadany
    Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1133:26-43. 2008
    The abundance of sex and recombination is still one of the most puzzling questions in the theory of evolution: Most models find that recombination can evolve, but only under a limited range of parameters...
  91. ncbi Sexual selection and the evolution of obligatory sex
    Lilach Hadany
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
    BMC Evol Biol 7:245. 2007
    Among the long-standing conundrums of evolutionary theory, obligatory sex is one of the hardest...
  92. ncbi Sexual reproduction prevails in a world of structured resources in short supply
    S Scheu
    Institut fur Zoologie, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany
    Proc Biol Sci 274:1225-31. 2007
    ..These conditions largely represent the conditions in which sexuals predominate over asexuals in the field...
  93. ncbi Nuclear androdioecy and gynodioecy
    J A Vargas
    Independent Scholar, Constitución 204, Centro, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, 68000
    J Math Biol 47:199-221. 2003
    ..Simulations show that any population not at equilibrium always converges to the equilibrium point of higher fitness. However, at intermediate steps, the fitness function occasionally decreases...
  94. ncbi Evolutionary biology: why sex is good
    Rolf F Hoekstra
    Nature 434:571-3. 2005
  95. ncbi The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas. XII. Repeated sexual episodes increase rates of adaptation to novel environments
    Oliver Kaltz
    Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Evolution 56:1743-53. 2002
    ..Moreover, the effect of sex on adaptation increased with the number of successive sexual episodes...
  96. ncbi The evolution of sex: empirical insights into the roles of epistasis and drift
    J Arjan G M de Visser
    Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Nat Rev Genet 8:139-49. 2007
    Despite many years of theoretical and experimental work, the explanation for why sex is so common as a reproductive strategy continues to resist understanding...
  97. ncbi Asexual reproduction: genetics and evolutionary aspects
    T de Meeus
    Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, Equipe Evolution des Systèmes Symbiotiques, UMR IRD CNRS 2724, BP 64501, 911 Av Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
    Cell Mol Life Sci 64:1355-72. 2007
    ..An important question for evolutionary biologists as to why some organisms reproduce sexually, as opposed to asexually, is addressed. We also discuss the economic and medical importance of asexual organisms...
  98. ncbi Similarity selection and the evolution of sex: revisiting the red queen
    Aneil F Agrawal
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    PLoS Biol 4:e265. 2006
    ..However, recent influential theoretical analyses suggest that, though parasites can select for sex under some conditions, they often select against it...
  99. ncbi Sex and deleterious mutations
    Isabel Gordo
    Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, P 2781 901 Oeiras, Portugal
    Genetics 179:621-6. 2008
    ..While a pluralistic view of the evolution of sex and recombination has been suggested by some, here we take a simpler view and try to quantify the conditions under ..
  100. ncbi Moving to mate: the evolution of separate and combined sexes in multicellular organisms
    S M Eppley
    Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207 0751, USA
    J Evol Biol 21:727-36. 2008
    ..We discuss our results in context with other causal factors, such as inbreeding avoidance and sexual specialization, likely to affect breeding system evolution...
  101. ncbi On the unfitness of natural selection to explain sexual reproduction, and the difficulties that remain
    Joris van Rossum
    Department of Philosophy, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Riv Biol 99:251-72. 2006
    ....

Research Grants92

  1. Opioid-Induced Immune Alterations: Sex Differences
    DONALD LYSLE; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..has produced a wealth of information on the immunomodulatory effects of opioids, but little is known about how the sex of the individual impacts opioid-induced immunomodulation...
  2. Sex/Gender Factors in Nicotine Addiction
    Nancy K Mello; Fiscal Year: 2010
    This is a revised application entitled "Sex/Gender Factors in Nicotine Addiction" submitted in response to PA-07-329...
  3. GENDER,NICOTINE AND STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA
    SUSAN GIRDLER; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Involvement of the female sex hormones is indicated by animal studies that show estrogen increases sensitivity to pain, while progesterone and ..
  4. Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program
    Catherine Kim; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..of aging and is defined by permanent changes in ovarian function, we still do not understand how postmenopausal sex hormones affect diabetes risk...
  5. Center for Neurovisceral Sciences & Women's Health
    Emeran Mayer; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..in the interactions between the nervous system and the viscera, with special emphasis on stress neurobiology, sex differences and chronic functional disorders...
  6. Gender Bias in Lupus: Contribution of Sex Chromosomes
    Ram Raj Singh; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..The fundamental basis for such gender bias remains unclear. Sex hormones, sex chromosomes or both may contribute to such sex difference...
  7. Gender Bias in Lupus: Contribution of Sex Chromosomes
    Ram Raj Singh; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..The fundamental basis for such gender bias remains unclear. Sex hormones, sex chromosomes or both may contribute to such sex difference...
  8. Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Zebrafish
    JOHN HARVEY POSTLETHWAIT; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..In nonmammalian vertebrates, other genes in the network determine sex, and in some species, environmental factors such as temperature or social cues can bias sex development...
  9. Developmental programming: influence of sex steroids and mechanisms
    Chandrasekhar Yallampalli; Fiscal Year: 2011
    ..The central hypothesis is that sex steroid hormones, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), via interaction with a variety of regulatory path- ways, ..
  10. Organochlorine and Gene Expression of Sex Steroids in a Multigenerational Cohort
    Janet Osuch; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We have preliminary evidence that expression of a limited number of genes that control sex steroid metabolism are altered in F1 generation females, depending on estimated levels of in-utero exposure to ..
  11. Diffusion of HIV-1 among Drug Using Men in SE Asia
    Michael C Clatts; Fiscal Year: 2010
    This application proposes a mixed method, ethno-epidemiological study of drug and sexual risk among young male sex workers Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. There are an estimated 8...
  12. SEX HORMONE REGULATION OF THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM
    Charles Wira; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..proposed in this application are to understand at the cellular and molecular levels, the physiological actions of sex hormones on the mucosal immune system...
  13. SEX AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE EFFECTS ON PAIN AND ANALGESIA
    Roger Fillingim; Fiscal Year: 2003
    The influence of sex and gender on pain perception and pain modulatory systems is a research topic of substantial basic science and clinical import...
  14. Sex Hormones and Cardiac Arrhythmia in Transgenic LQT2 Rabbits
    Gideon Koren; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..prepubertal, ovariectomized LQT2 rabbits to explore new mechanistic paradigms that underlie the effects of sex hormones on cardiac arrhythmias using in vitro and in silico experimental approaches that will integrate novel ..
  15. Sex, sex steroids and dry eye syndromes
    David A Sullivan; Fiscal Year: 2011
    ..The long range objectives of this grant application are to test our hypotheses that: (1) sex steroids are extremely important in the physiological regulation of the ocular surface and adnexa, as well as the ..
  16. Sex Hormones and Cardiac Arrhythmia in Transgenic LQT2 Rabbits
    Gideon Koren; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..prepubertal, ovariectomized LQT2 rabbits to explore new mechanistic paradigms that underlie the effects of sex hormones on cardiac arrhythmias using in vitro and in silico experimental approaches that will integrate novel ..
  17. Sex-dependent expression and utilization of spinal mu- and kappa-opioid systems
    NAIJIANG LIU; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Previous studies that defined sex dependency of opioid antinociception were not poised to reveal relevant mechanistic underpinnings and biological substrates...
  18. Sex Steroid Hormones and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
    Chandrasekhar Yallampalli; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..in AM and IMD synthesis and vasodilatory responses to AM and IMD throughout gestation, and their regulation by sex steroid hormones...
  19. Sex Steroid Hormones and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
    Chandrasekhar Yallampalli; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..in AM and IMD synthesis and vasodilatory responses to AM and IMD throughout gestation, and their regulation by sex steroid hormones...
  20. Venue-based HIV and alcohol use risk reduction among female sex workers in China
    Xiaoming Li; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..literature indicates an important role of alcohol use in facilitating HIV/AIDS transmission risk in commercial sex venues where elevated alcohol use/abuse and sexual risk behaviors frequently co-occur...
  21. Venue-based HIV and alcohol use risk reduction among female sex workers in China
    Xiaoming Li; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..literature indicates an important role of alcohol use in facilitating HIV/AIDS transmission risk in commercial sex venues where elevated alcohol use/abuse and sexual risk behaviors frequently co-occur...
  22. Contextual Influences on Sexual Risk among Latino MSM
    MARIA ZEA; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..develops and tests a theoretical model of socio-cultural, psychosocial, and contextual influences on unprotected sex in three groups of Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S.--Dominicans, Colombians, and Brazilians...
  23. Fourth Symposium Biology Vertebrate Sex Determination
    Blanche Capel; Fiscal Year: 2006
    We request support for The Fourth International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination scheduled to take place in Kona, Hawaii, April 24-28, 2006...
  24. MOUSE X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION
    Christine Disteche; Fiscal Year: 2003
    DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): The study is aimed at defining evolutionary pathways of the sex chromosomes in mouse and human and at understanding mechanisms of gene regulation specifically related to ..
  25. Reducing Urban Women's HIV Risk: Soap Opera Videos on Video Capable Cell Phones
    Rachel Jones; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Video-Capable Cell Phones According to the CDC, the majority (80%) of women with HIV became infected by unprotected sex with an infected male partner. Black and Latina women accounted for 82% of AIDS diagnoses in women in 2005...
  26. Opioid-Induced Immune Alterations: Gender Differences
    DONALD LYSLE; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..has produced a wealth of information on the immunomodulatory effects of opioids, but little is known about how the sex of the individual impacts opioid-induced immunomodulation...
  27. Sex, sex steroids and dry eye syndromes
    David Sullivan; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The long range objectives of this grant application are to test our hypotheses that: (1) sex steroids are extremely important in the physiological regulation of the ocular surface and adnexa, as well as the ..
  28. Sex Chromosome Effects in Lupus
    Rhonda Voskuhl; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Many murine models of lupus also demonstrate a greater incidence in females as compared to males. Sex hormones, sex chromosomes or both may contribute to this female bias...
  29. Sex Steroids, and TMJ Pain
    Larry Bellinger; Fiscal Year: 2007
    DESCRIPTION: The long term goal of this study is to determine the impact of gender differences and sex hormones on gene(s) and molecular pathways leading to and effecting acute and persistent joint pain as observed in the ..
  30. Sex Steroids, and TMJ Pain
    Larry Bellinger; Fiscal Year: 2009
    DESCRIPTION: The long term goal of this study is to determine the impact of gender differences and sex hormones on gene(s) and molecular pathways leading to and effecting acute and persistent joint pain as observed in the ..
  31. Sex-Hormones and the TMPRSS2: ERG Fusion in Prostate Cancer Progression
    Lorelei Mucci; Fiscal Year: 2009
    We propose to assess the impact of sex-steroid hormones and prostate cancer (PCa) progression in the context of the recently identified TMPRSS2:ERG translocation, a novel gene fusion of the 5'-untranslated region of the androgen-..
  32. Drug Abuse and Risky Sex in Borderline Personality
    Ulrike Feske; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Tests of the specific aims will demonstrate that: 1) Severity of BPD covaries with substance use and risky sex beyond the variance accounted for by co-occurring personality disorders and major depression; 2) ECF capacity ..