respiration

..Efferent cardiac control is largely parasympathetic. Reflex cardiorespiratory responses are modulated by conditioning and habituation, but reflexes predominate during extended dives and during recovery, when gas exchange is maximized...

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..As in humans, bird phonation involves three main motor systems (respiration, vocal organ and vocal tract)...

..We therefore propose that Cx26-mediated release of ATP in response to changes in PCO2 is an important mechanism contributing to central respiratory chemosensitivity...

..Although some studies have shown lower lung volumes and increased ventilation inhomogeneity in BPD infants, conflicting results exist possibly due to differences in sedation and measurement techniques...

..Functional anatomy of the PC suggests that activity in the anterior PC can be mainly driven by afferent activity coming from the OB whereas posterior cells were certainly entrained by more complex mechanisms...

..These results provide strong evidence that the Phox2b-expressing noncatecholaminergic neurons of the RTN region function as central respiratory chemoreceptors...

In PD, the impact of nocturnal respiration on sleep continuity and architecture has not been systematically investigated by polysomnography (PSG)...

..We investigated the effect of the song motor pattern on respiration using a newly developed mask system to measure oxygen consumption while simultaneously monitoring subsyringeal ..

..methods, respiratory gated techniques, breath-hold techniques, forced shallow-breathing methods, and respiration-synchronized techniques...

..The authors hypothesized that DeltaPOP can predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients during general anesthesia...

..studies-primarily from anesthetized rodents-demonstrating that olfactory neural responses are coupled to respiration. Hence, the "sniff cycle" might play a role in odor coding, by allowing the timing of spikes with ..

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..We conclude that the proper function of the 5-HT system is particularly important under conditions of environmental stress and contributes significantly to the hypercapnic ventilatory response and thermoregulatory cold defense...

..We found that respiration frequencies in quiescent mice ranged from 3 to 5 Hz--higher than that reported for rats...

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..input from olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are poorly characterized and depend on multiple factors, including respiration-driven airflow through the nasal cavity, odorant sorption kinetics, receptor-ligand interactions between ..

..In this study, we used these measures of respiration to compare normal controls (n = 18) and patients with panic disorder (n = 22) in addition to the traditional ..

..The model predicts a continuum of respiratory network states relying on different contributions of intrinsic cellular properties versus synaptic interactions for the generation and control of the respiratory rhythm and pattern...

..b>Respiration related signal changes appear to be slower than neuronally induced BOLD signal changes and are not modeled ..

..In all three species there was significant association (P < 0.05) between respiration rate and phosphine resistance...

..CONCLUSIONS: The present study found DeltaPEPKT and DeltaPEPPLET to be as accurate as DeltaPP in the prediction of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated septic patients...

..Together, our results provide genetic evidence for the essential role of the Phox2b-expressing RTN neurons both in establishing a normal respiratory rhythm before birth and in providing chemosensory drive...

..The objective of this study was to determine the importance of location when measuring the IVC diameter during quiet respiration.

..It is likely that the lack of the anthropometrics derangement may preserve long-lived subjects from the age-related decrease in energy metabolism...

..This suggests that oxygen supply in insects may be more complex than thought previously and may depend on hemoglobin-mediated oxygen transport and storage in addition to simple diffusion...

..Switching between respiratory phases, therefore, appears to play a dominant role in organizing the stereotyped motor program for song production...

..This article discusses methodology for 4D CT imaging and 4D treatment planning, with some comments on 4D radiation delivery...

..Thus, the enhanced CB reactivity to hypoxia may contribute to the augmented ventilatory response to hypoxia, as well as to modified heart rate variability due to early changes in autonomic activity...

b>Respiration is a powerful modulator of heart rate variability, and of baro- and chemoreflex sensitivity. Abnormal respiratory modulation of heart rate is often an early sign of autonomic dysfunction in a number of diseases...

..preterm infants from 32 to 36 weeks of postconception and to evaluate how the relation between swallowing and respiration changes with maturation...

..Particular attention will be given to the interaction of tongue movement with respiration and swallowing, because the morbidity and mortality associated with these relationships make this a primary ..

..A signal synchronous with respiration was extracted directly from the echoes acquired for imaging, and the motion information was used for ..

..We conclude that RSA is not a suitable measure of vagal tone during anesthesia in the rat and reiterate the caution that needs to be taken when working with anesthetized experimental models of cardiac control...

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..between the occurrence and timing of slow oscillations and the ongoing periodic sensory input resulting from respiration. This coupling between olfactory cortex slow oscillations and respiration may result from the interaction ..

Real-time navigator echo (NE)-gated magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA) during free respiration is now possible...

..In older CF patients, (S(SF6) - S(He)) is more often positive, suggesting that even more distal airways, such as alveolar ducts, become involved in peripheral inhomogeneity of ventilation...

..We hypothesized that RSA benefits pulmonary gas exchange by matching perfusion to ventilation within each respiratory cycle...

..We discuss the possibility that each rhythm could serve different functions as priming, gating or tuning for the bulbar network...

..At the same time, mitral/tufted (M/T) cells display respiration-modulated spiking patterns...

..Tumor motion and hysteresis could be modeled with an asymmetric function with varying asymmetry. Tumor motion due to breathing was greatest in the cranial-caudal direction for lower-lobe unfixed tumors...

..CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should address the question of the role of static indexes in predicting cardiac output improvement following fluid infusion in spontaneously breathing patients...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of respiratory rate (RR) at a constant PaCO2 and conventional tidal volume (VT) on the development of ventilator-induced lung injury in normal lungs...

..Larger bursts coincided with a longer duration of active ventilation. An increased amount of CO(2) expelled per unit time of ventilation indicates a higher efficiency of ventilation at high ambient temperatures...

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..However, little information exists regarding the influence of respiration (interplay between inspiration and expiration) and posture on BFAP.

..These receptors mediate central cholinergic regulation of respiration and effects of the exogenous ligand nicotine on respiratory pattern...

..To investigate the respective roles of AChE in brain and muscle, we recorded respiration by means of whole-body plethysmography in knockout mice with tissue selective deletions in AChE expression...

..We describe a pragmatic approach using maximum- and minimum-intensity projections (MIP and Min-IP) only, for reducing ITVs in stereotactic radiotherapy by using dosimetric margins that compensate for motion-induced dose blurring...

..In addition, using these techniques we have uncovered significant differences in the airway structures between inbred mouse strains in vivo...

..To determine the extent of dosimetric differences between conventional three-dimensional (3D) dose calculations and four-dimensional (4D) dose calculations based on deformation of organ models...

..As long as the blower purges contamination from inside the face piece during exhalation, the 1.1 L acts as a buffer against contaminants leaked due to overbreathing of blower flow rate...

There are defined medullary, mesencephalic, hypothalamic, and thalamic functions in regulation of respiration, but knowledge of cortical control and the elements subserving the consciousness of breathlessness and air hunger is limited...

..This MRI-based method provides a way to quantify relationships among gas delivery, exchange, and transport, and appears to have significant potential to provide more insight into lung disease...

The role of the nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) in the context of respiration control has been subject of debate for considerable time...

..These findings imply the prospect of a fine-tuned recovery from opioid-induced respiratory depression, through adjustment of intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels through the convergent signaling pathways in neurons...

b>Respiration-correlated PET (RCPET) can reduce motion artifacts, but image quality generally decreases...

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..These results indicate that cPA stimulates respiration, via central and peripheral mechanisms acting on the central respiratory rhythm generator in the brain stem...

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..The presence of functional 5-HT(2B) receptors in the neonatal medullary breathing center indicates a potential convergent regulatory role of 5-HT(2B) and -(2A) receptors on the central respiratory network...

..These findings provide a new insight into the pontine control of medullary and spinal respiratory function...

..the role of branchial and orobranchial O(2) chemoreceptors in the cardiorespiratory responses, aquatic surface respiration (ASR), and the development of inferior lip swelling in tambaqui during prolonged (6 h) exposure to hypoxia...

..An understanding of the normal and abnormal perinatal physiology is important to appreciate the practical differences in the approach to caring for such babies, and also for avoiding actions that might be detrimental in the longer term...

..Temporal bandpass filtering or spatial smoothing may help to reduce the effects of artifacts in some cases but are not an adequate replacement for an algorithm that explicitly models and removes cyclic cardiac and respiratory artifacts...

..neuronal types expressing and depending on the Phox2b transcription factor play crucial roles in the control of respiration. Collectively, these studies argue for the paramount importance of a small group of neurons in the rostral ..

Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and is associated with poor prognosis...

..Instead, our analysis shows that breathing motion can be modelled as Gaussian with a standard deviation of about 0.4 times the peak-to-peak breathing motion...

..The question arises whether current weight loss programmes, largely developed and tested on women, are appropriate for men...

..To evaluate the impact of a new, cross-correlation based method for compensation of respiratory induced motion of the heart using an individually adapted three-dimensional (3D) translation or affine transformation approach...

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..This review provides an overview of the neuroanatomy of the major compartments comprising brainstem respiratory circuits, and a synopsis of the transmitters used by their constituent respiratory neurons...

..11, mean = 833 mL, R = 0.19), inhalation tidal ratio (p = 0.93, mean = 1.73, R = -0.01) or lung exposure time (p = 0.92, mean = 4.1 s, R = -0.01)...

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) organizes basic survival behavior, which includes respiration. How the PAG controls respiration is not known...

..Further exploration of the evolution of diving physiology may well necessitate adopting novel perspectives to encompass both ectothermic and endothermic modes...

..The findings reported support a new hypothesis that requires recruitable secondary (daughter) alveoli to inflate via primary (mother) alveoli rather than from a conducting airway...

..To demonstrate the feasibility of retrospective beat-to-beat correction of respiratory motion, without the need for a respiratory motion model...

..This multisite study evaluated the extent to which acute heart rate and respiration rate predict subsequent chronic PTSD.

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..The objective of this study was to compare the effects of silicone-ring Roux-en-Y gastric bypass carried out by laparoscopy versus that accomplished by laparotomy on pulmonary function...

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..We conclude that phrenic LTF requires spinal serotonin receptor activation and protein synthesis. Serotonin receptors on phrenic motoneuron dendrites may induce new protein synthesis, thereby giving rise to phrenic LTF...

..It is concluded that gas trapping can be assessed with acceptable precision with this washout method. Further studies are needed to establish the sensitivity and usefulness of the method in infants with various types of airway pathology...

..No motion model, assumptions about the motion, or training data are required. The method is demonstrated on phantom data and cardiac images acquired on free-breathing volunteers...

..Results of an in vivo study are also presented which demonstrate significant improvement in image quality over the DVA (p < 0.01) and hybrid-ordered phase encoding methods (p < 0.05)...

..Simultaneously with the image data acquisition, data from a pulse oximeter and a respiration belt were recorded...

..The various sources of possible errors in measurement of cardiac output (CO), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and pulmonary shunt were also assessed...

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..To demonstrate the potential of a calibrated motion model for prospective motion correction in coronary imaging, the approach was tested in CMRA examinations in five volunteers...

..Neither LF nor HF changed in response to the absence or presence of respiration during isoelectric EEG. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic nerve activity was attenuated by sevoflurane...

..To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of breath-held coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) without increasing the number or duration of breath holds...

..Interbeat interval was related to affective valence and not arousal. These findings suggest that RSA may be a useful adjunct to skin conductance measures in assessing emotional arousal...

..To compare in a prospective randomized trial the effects of thoracic epidural infusions of fentanyl (F) and bupivacaine (B) to intrathecal morphine (M) and sufentanil (S) on analgesia and respiratory function following thoracotomy...

..Pulse oximetry, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate were recorded. The bubbling rates had no effect on carbon dioxide, oxygenation, or respiratory rate...

..To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane (DES) in horses...

..The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of isoflurane-remifentanil and sevoflurane-remifentanil combinations during neurosurgical correction craniosynostosis...

..To measure the change in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane associated with three constant rate infusions of dexmedetomidine...

..Continuous ambulatory measures of maternal heart rate, respiration and physical activity, as well as seven saliva samples over the course of each day, will be collected for ..

..Under physiological conditions ROS generated as a byproduct of mitochondrial respiration are detoxified by glutathione-enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase ? (GST?) and ..

..planet; it is a product of oxygenic photosynthesis and it is a substrate for bioenergetic pathways like aerobic respiration. While O2 is relatively inert, it is converted to different chemical classes of toxic reactive oxygen species ..

..Paydarfar has extensive experience in respiration-related neurophysiology...

..In association with low NO, the cells have reduced mitochondria numbers & respiration, which is accompanied by ~3-fold increase in glycolysis for energy production...

..of ATP (muATP), is viewed as the medium through which two important cell functions are regulated: mitochondrial respiration and muscle phenotypic expression...

..It is distinguished by the presence of uncoupling protein (UCP), a mitochondrial transporter which uncouples respiration. Because of this highly specialized capability, dysfunction of BAT could play a critical role in the ..

..Membrane proteins are of extreme importance in all living cells as they catalyze vital functions like respiration, photosynthesis, transport, and cell communication...

..To achieve these specific aims the PI plans to: 1) determine the effect of respiration on the position and pressure relationships of the intrinsic LES and CD as components of the GEJHPZ...

..teeth is essential for the activities of normal daily life in locomotion, mineral metabolism, organ protection, respiration, mastication, and proper nutrition and digestion, but the factors and their complex interactions responsible ..

..We will use Respirodeglutometric (RDT) instrumentation to characterize the respiration during deglutition in patients with A-T...

..Oxygen radicals such as superoxide anion (O2-) are generated during respiration and through the exposure to environmental oxidants...

..Mitochondrial energy conservation (ATP production) requires the respiration-driven formation of a proton electrochemical potential difference (delta mu H) across the inner mitochondrial ..

..H2S attenuates leukocyte adhesion, modulates mitochondrial respiration, and inhibits both apoptosis, and oxidative stress...

..for the maintenance of cardiac energy status and function, mitochondria exhibit declines in the rate of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation during ischemia, with further age-dependent deficits evident upon reperfusion...

..for the maintenance of cardiac energy status and function, mitochondria exhibit declines in the rate of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation during ischemia, with further age-dependent deficits evident upon reperfusion...

..The specific aims of the proposal are: (i) to study the respiration (both as such and stimulated by added stimulants) of cardiomyocytes (both cultured cells and freshly isolated ..

..binding of the cations with phosphates (ATP, ADP, PI) and substrates (TCA cycle intermediates) during transient respiration, which in turn regulate mito- chondrial function, including the rate of ROS generation...

..adaptive regression splines (MARS) models will be developed in 88 preschool-aged children using 12-h room respiration calorimetry as the criterion method and validated in an independent sample (n=50) against12-h room respiration ..

..Moreover, H2S, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial respiration, has recently gained recognition as an endogenously produced cell signaling molecule capable of reducing ..

..and 2) To study individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; variability in HR occurring at the respiration frequency) with respect to individual differences in sustained attention, premature and full-term recognition ..

Increased CO2 (hypercapnia) is a major stimulus for increased respiration and blood pressure...

..Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Reperfusion of cardiac tissue results in declines in mitochondrial respiration, the severity of which increases with age...