phonation

b>Phonation threshold pressures were directly measured in five normal subjects in a variety of voicing conditions...

b>Phonation is defined as a laryngeal motor behavior used for speech production, which involves a highly specialized coordination of laryngeal and respiratory neuromuscular control...

..First, although pulsed phonation has been described in a variety of mammalian vocalizations, very little is known about the underlying production ..

b>Phonation threshold flow (PTF) may provide a tool to assess laryngeal function and could differentiate between normal and pathological voices...

..The analysis suggests that glottal flow may be considered quasisteady only insofar as traditional assumptions concerning glottal jet behavior can be confirmed...

In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the minimum flow required for phonation onset, the onset phonation threshold flow (PTF), is greater than the minimum flow to sustain phonation, the offset PTF...

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The stress information during phonation in the vocal folds is helpful in understanding the etiologies of vocal trauma and its related vocal diseases, such as nodules...

..vocal folds coupled with an unsteady one-dimensional flow model is presented for an analysis of the mechanism of phonation. The vocal fold is approximated by springs and dampers distributed in the main flow direction that are enveloped ..

In humans, a decrease in transglottal pressure (Pt) causes an increase in the fundamental frequency of phonation (F0) only at a specific voice pitch within the modal register, the mechanism of which remains unclear.

..Eight patients with immediate repair showed improved voice quality, aspiration, GRBAS scales, and maximum phonation time at 6 months after surgery...

This experiment studied a new aerodynamic parameter, phonation threshold flow, along with phonation threshold pressure, by varying prephonatory glottal width in canine larynges ex vivo...

Many previous laboratory investigations of phonation involving physical models, excised larynges, and in vivo canine larynges have failed to fully specify the subglottal system...

The purpose of this article was to determine if a semi-occluded vocal tract could be used to measure phonation threshold pressure...

..Specifically, analytical results predicted that phonation threshold pressure (Pth) increases with the viscous shear properties of the vocal fold, but decreases with vocal ..

Previous studies show that phonation onset occurs as two eigenmodes of the vocal folds are synchronized by the interaction between the vocal folds and the glottal flow...

This study sought to examine the specific relationship between phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and voice fundamental frequency (F(0)) across the pitch range...

..that vocal membranes of an optimal angle and length can substantially lower the subglottal pressure at which phonation is supported, thus increasing vocal efficiency, and that this effect is most pronounced at high frequencies...

..However, the effects of false vocal folds on the vocal fold vibration and the glottal aerodynamic during phonation remain unclear...

The influence of flow separation location on eigenmode synchronization and phonation onset was investigated in a two-dimensional, aeroelastic, continuum model of phonation...

..carbomer and well-known vocal fold injectables at vocalization frequencies using established and new instrumentation, and 2) to predict phonation threshold pressures using a computer model with intended placement in Reinke's space.

..The FSI solver is used to simulate flow-induced vibrations of the vocal folds during phonation. Both two- and three-dimensional models have been examined and qualitative, as well as quantitative comparisons, ..

There are few objective measurements to assess the results of surgery for vocal fold polyps. This study investigated the effects of surgery on the phonation threshold pressure (PTP) in patients with vocal fold polyps.

..Phonatory function (stroboscopy, maximum phonation time [MPT], mean airflow rate [MFR], harmonics-to-noise ratio [HNR], jitter, and shimmer) was followed for at ..

..how the spectral cues caused by articulation are reflected in cortical speech processing when combined with phonation, the other major part of speech production manifested as the fundamental frequency (F0) and its harmonic integer ..

..The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of botulinum toxin (BT) injection on airflow stability, by measuring mean phonatory oral airflow and its coefficient of variation (CV), in subjects with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD)...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of laryngeal phonation CT for the diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis by examining the physiologic and functional changes in the larynx during vowel phonation in patients with ..

..This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first time that vocal fold vibration physiology has been studied using B-mode imaging and Echo-PIV...

..Therefore, the CDI could be used as a potential tool for assessing the phonation function in the larynx nonintrusively.

A theory of interaction between the source of sound in phonation and the vocal tract filter is developed...

The aerodynamic generation of sound during phonation was studied using direct numerical simulations of the airflow and the sound field in a rigid pipe with a modulated orifice...

OBJECTIVES: A systematic study of the influence of vocal fold scarring on phonation was conducted...

..Measurements taken included maximum phonational range; maximum sustained phonation; fundamental frequency during reading; maximum intensity levels; sound pressure levels for soft, moderate, and ..

..Finally, context effects (isolation or sentence) showed that the acoustic correlates of syllable-final voicing are attenuated when words are produced in sentences, rather than in isolation...

..trained voices had a higher energy level in the SPF region compared with the untrained, significantly so in loud phonation. The SPF seemed to be related to both sufficiently strong overtones and a glottal setting, allowing for a ..

..The latter is consistent with a compensatory attempt to overcome the latter...

..05). The results of this study provide valid support for the advantageous effect of vocal warmup on voice quality and present acoustic analysis as a valuable and sensitive tool for quantifying this effect...

..These results suggest that non-dopaminergic systems are probably involved in the pathogenesis of prosody changes in PD. They also indicate that therapies other than dopaminergic agents are warranted to treat speech abnormalities in PD...

..Maximum phonation times for comfort and low pitches significantly decreased during posttests...

..The findings indicated that researchers must take into account the F(0) level at which voiceless stop VOT is measured...

..man with chronic laryngitis and one vocally healthy man, were examined during pressed and breathy sustained phonation. Perceived roughness in the voice quality correlated to irregularities in true vocal fold vibrations as well as ..

..The doses measure the vocal load and can be used for studying the effects of vocal fold tissue exposure to vibration...

..The analysis of vocal parameters becomes important in the process of diagnosis of this disorder, since voice disorders could interfere in the production of speech sounds...

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..Implications for general vocal allometry are discussed as are implications for speech origins theories, and challenges to them, related to laryngeal position and vocal tract length...

..After VM no significant changes were observed in voice parameters or perceptual quality, but ease of phonation and reduced tension in the neck, shoulders and back were reported...

..included in this study involving psychoacoustic evaluation by doctors, acoustic analysis, phonogram, maximum phonation time and stroboscopy before treatment...

..The overlapping of data between the dysphonic and non-dysphonic groups, however, suggests that the aerodynamic measures should be used as an adjunct to assessment of voice disorders rather than as a diagnostic tool alone...

..These maps could be used by transcribers of infant speech, to complete existing systems and to provide some hints about underlying articulatory gestures recruited during growth to reach perceptual vowel targets in French...

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..Having to make oneself heard over noise resulted in higher SPL and F0, as expected, and in higher phonation time. The total reading time was slightly longer in continuous noise than in intermittent noise...

..All parameters can be specified either as static or time varying, which allows for multiple levels of coarticulation or coproduction...

..Another vocal exercise technique involves lengthening the vocal tract; for example, the method of phonation into small tubes...

..Intraindividual differences between conditions for each variable are discussed in the framework of auditory versus kinesthetic feedback...

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..The use of formant tuning is considered and examined...

..Regardless, the present data provide strong support for the hypothesis that listeners are able to locate an F0 reliably within a range without external context or prior exposure to a speaker's voice...

A new method for phonation detection is presented. The method utilises two microphones attached near the subject's ears. Simplified, phonation is assumed to occur when the signals appear mainly in-phase and at equal amplitude...

..at the beginning of their acting course and again 12 months later using a questionnaire, interview, maximum phonation time (MPT), reading, spontaneous speaking, sustained phonation tasks, and a pitch range task...

..Visual-perceptual judgments of the videoendoscopic data indicated that laryngeal vestibule constriction was not consistently associated with resonant voice production...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of therapeutic intervention in patients with mutational falsetto, by applying perceptual and acoustic analysis before and after voice therapy...

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..It is concluded that the abrupt changes between chest and falsetto registers can be understood as shifts in dominance of eigenmodes of the vocal folds...

..This study evaluated the results of laryngeal collagen injection...

..N. Stevens, J. Phonetics 17, 3-46 (1989)]. The results support a model of lexical access in which articulatory-acoustic discontinuities subserve phonological feature identification...

..The present study applies a versatile methodology to investigate phonation during varying artificial extension of the vocal tract...

Voiced obstruents and phonation into tubes are widely used as vocal exercises. They increase the inertive reactance of the vocal tract in the 200-1000 Hz range and thereby reinforce vocal fold vibration...

..Normal tongue function supports to a varying extent subsequent phases of voice emission, including respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance...

..DEVELOPMENT: In the first part of this article we describe data regarding neural control of voice, physiology of phonation, and examination of the patient with voice disturbances, including the use of voice laboratory, acoustic ..

..The results suggest that the F4/F5 differences between the variants can be largely explained by differences in whether the long cavity behind the palatal constriction acts as a half- or a quarter-wavelength resonator...

..The presence of a posterior gap was found to significantly increase the broadband sound level produced over the frequency range in which human hearing is most sensitive...

..For high-pitched talkers there were no significant sex dependencies of H1* - H2* and H1* - A3*. The statistical significance of these results is shown...

..It was also found that syntactic structure with respect to both intensity and tonal structure modulated relative prosodic prominence of individual words...

..These findings support previous research suggesting the audio vocal system is involved in the control of suprasegmental features of English speech by correcting for errors between voice pitch feedback and the desired F0...

..This example illustrates that in selected cases Reinke's edema can contribute to maintenance of phonation in unilateral vocal fold paralysis...

..Formant frequencies, long-term-average spectrum, and vibrato characteristics were also studied. Characteristics of operatic style emerge as distinctly different from Broadway style, the latter being more similar to speaking...

..Large individual session-to-session variation was found for all measures across pretherapy baseline recordings, which contributed to nonsignificant differences between baseline and therapy data...

..Results suggest that listeners are sensitive to the association between fricatives' center frequencies and perceived sexual orientation in women's voices, but not in men's voices...

..Also VOT measures were influenced by cleft lip and delay in beginning of ortodoncy. Hearing loss is associated with increased VOT. Our results are based in a correct sample and statistical analysis by multiple lineal regression...

..76, p < 0.01), as well. We conclude that VLHR may become a potential quantitative index of hypernasal speech and can be applied in either basic or clinical studies...

..amount of heat dissipated over a unit volume of vocal fold tissues; and time dose, which accumulates the total phonation time...

..A higher frequency leads not only to acoustic reduction but also to more assimilation...

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..text reading sample was recorded at habitual loudness and loudly (as in large classroom), (2) a prolonged phonation on [a:] was recorded at habitual speaking pitch and loudness, and (3) a questionnaire about voice quality, ease, ..

..Using digital high-speed recordings, the phonation onset process was recorded in real-time for 8-10 different sound pressure levels for each subject...

..The study has provided speech scientists, speech-language pathologists, linguists and other health professionals with a new and preliminary acoustic and physiological database for adult male speakers from these three different races...

..Listeners demonstrated variable perceptions in both continua with poor inter-subject, intra-subject, and inter-group reliability...

..It is also involved in phonation. Orotracheal intubation can be used as an alternative to nasal intubation to achieve airway protection and ..

..were recorded using flexible videoendoscopy while a subject was performing speech tasks such as sustained phonation, syllable repetitions, sentence imitations, and conversation...

..Furthermore the present study is meant as a contribution to the further delineation of the phonation, resonance, articulation and language characteristics and oral behaviour in a child with BWS...

Modifications of phonation occurring after total thyroidectomy (TT) are usually attributed to surgical malpractice, but other causes of voice impairment even in nonoperated subjects should also be taken into account...

..To study laryngopharyngeal anastomosis and fixing methods of super-cricoid laryngectomy with reconstruction of functions in lightening aspiration and increasing decannulation rate...

..Additional functional CT imaging during i-phonation and/or Valsalva's maneuver are of great importance to prove vocal cords mobility...

..The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of voice problems in the general population of Polish teachers, and identify risk factors for developing voice pathology...

..of ill larynx with overgrowth changes of vocal folds and comparison of usefulness different methods of research phonation function of larynx, and also estimation of influence disturbances of voice on functional state, emotional and ..

..The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term impact of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and its treatment on voice quality in prepubescent children...

..ratings (size of nodule/ oedema or glottic closure in the case of recurrent laryngeal paralysis), maximum phonation time, GIRBAS scale, spectrograms and a perturbation analysis...

..To analyze the effectiveness of the Provox2 voice prosthesis for voice rehabilitation following total laryngectomy...

Phoniatric rehabilitation is mainly aimed at restoring satisfactory phonation. Voice quality depends on the capacity of intact vocal cords to compensate the deficiency involved, as well as on automatism of phonation.

..To demonstrate the importance of detailed clinical analysis in the differential diagnosis of unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and to provide an update on current knowledge and treatment of myasthenia gravis...

..will exhibit disruptions in the temporal relationships between respiration-deglutition and between respiration-phonation. The following specific aims will be addressed: Specific Aim #1...

..Looking forward, the study of phonation at this resolution will synergize well with advancing technologies in laryngeal imaging, such as videokymography ..

..Looking forward, the study of phonation at this resolution will synergize well with advancing technologies in laryngeal imaging, such as videokymography ..

..The larynx is part of a complex motor system that serves dually as the vibratory source of phonation and as a valve that separates and protects the airway from the digestive tract...

..and episodic inputs to produce an output that results in contraction of the diaphragm that subserves breathing, phonation, emesis, defecation, etc...

..Aim 2: Explore the influence of subglottic anatomy on structural, acoustic, and aerodynamic aspects of phonation using complementary synthetic and computational models...

..many fragmentary efforts presently ongoing in fluid mechanics, acoustics, and biomechanics of respiration and phonation. Sound production in airways is an integral part of understanding not only vocalization, but also sounds related ..

..The research plan aims to test the overall hypothesis that the ease of phonation can be regulated by selectively increasing or decreasing vocal fold hydration, epithelial cell volume and ..

..In addition the candidate will develop his own computational model of airflow in the canine larynx during phonation. The coursework will be supplemented by tutorials in speech science given by the candidate?s mentor, Dr...

..Specific Aim 3: Investigate sensitivity of vocal fold stress and function during phonation to airway surface liquid properties using computational vocal fold models...

..Berry proposes to augment these studies and extend their applicability to human phonation by addressing the following Specific Aims: (1) Investigate the influence of glottal geometry on the basic ..

..in their development contribute to a wide range of problems in vision, facial expression, mastication, and phonation. However, little is known about processes controlling the differentiation and maturation of branchial and extra-..

The long-term objectives of this research are to evaluate the role of phonation in enhancing oral communication in patients with motor speech disorders and to document fundamental mechanisms associated with treatment- related change...

Project summary: Phonation is a component of speech communication, with a highly complex interplay of physiological and physical properties...