respiratory transport

..Urinary output was increased in the TEA group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In this model of endotoxic shock, TEA improved renal perfusion without affecting cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and global oxygen transport...

..The blood-tissue gas exchange model has been incorporated into a higher level model of the circulatory system plus pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange using the RBC and plasma equations to account for pH and CO2 buffering in the blood...

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..Maximum local shear stress is provided as a possible indicator of thrombosis, and the computed shear stress is shown to be below the threshold value for thrombosis formation for all cases evaluated...

..The muscle cholesterol level in the S300 group was significantly higher than that of the C group. Possible mechanisms of action of the dietary saponins are discussed...

..These data further emphasize the importance of understanding changes in VO2 as well as DO2 in infants after cardiac surgery...

..the first case in which liver and small bowel were procured from a donor with an unsuspected mitochondrial respiratory transport chain defect (succinate cytochrome C reductase deficiency)...

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..The effect of pulsatility on Sh is greater at larger Re. Increasing Re aids transport, but yields a higher cylinder drag force and shear stresses on the cylinder surface which are potentially undesirable...

..e. facilitation of gas exchange under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, minimizing evaporative water loss), although this assertion needs to be confirmed statistically by a strong inference approach...

..This affects formation of various NO-derivatives of hemoglobin and oxygen transport system of the blood...

..jejuni. A model is presented in which CJ1574 mediates electron flow into the respiratory transport chain from reduced flavodoxin and through complex I.

..019 ml O2 min(-1) mmHg(-1). We conclude that in Epomophorus wahlbergi, the wing web has structural modifications that permit a substantial contribution to the total gas exchange...

..To clarify the cardiovascular mechanisms of cyanide poisoning by evaluating oxygen transport characteristics using a canine model...

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..Final results show positive effects of preventive application HT and HT during ET on the restoration of oxygen transport system in AA...

..Thus, airflow modeling, particularly subject specific evaluations, should consider upper as well as intra-thoracic airway geometry...

..These comparative data strengthen the growing body of evidence that body size does not affect the safety margin for oxygen delivery in insects...

..In this case, NO acts as an important modifier of the hemoglobin function...

..During CGE, an increase in temperature from 10 to 20 degrees C caused both water loss and CO(2) output to double; from 20 to 30 degrees C, CO(2) output again doubled but water loss increased by only 31%...

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..We end with a few comments on some issues unique to the neonatal and developing lung...

..Simulations and experiments also emphasized that noise correlations between echoes are likely the main factor limiting the potential CNR gains achievable by densely sampled multi-echo fMRI...

..The results are discussed in the context of the ongoing discussion in the literature of the origin, maintenance and adaptive significance of the DGC in insects...

..whether co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ) supplementation, which is an obligatory coenzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory transport chain, can reverse MD and improve endothelial function in patients with ischaemic left ventricular ..

..While model predictions were performed for formaldehyde, which serves as a model of physiologically relevant, highly reactive vapors, the model is equally applicable to other soluble and reactive compounds...

..The conditions were identified for examination of chloride secretion in the airways presented as the chemical isolation of chloride currents with the use of amiloride...

..stavudine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with impaired mitochondrial respiratory transport chain function in patient derived CD4+PBLs...

..Moreover, the myocardial infarction and troponin-I release were significantly reduced in the pre-HBOCs group. Therefore, PolyPHb pretreatment was protective to the isolated I/R heart...

..Thus, DGCs reduce RWL in E. propertius, which is consistent with the suggestion that water loss reduction could account for the evolutionary origin and/or maintenance of DGCs in insects...

..Gram-negative-induced abdominal sepsis is likely associated with high circulating endotoxin. Reducing circulating endotoxin levels with polymyxin B hemoperfusion could potentially improve patient clinical outcomes...

..These results demonstrate that Pacific hagfish possess gill and RBC plasma-accessible membrane-associated CA that may play important roles in respiratory gas exchange and acid-base balance...

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..Examples of each type of pattern are shown using the insect Rhodnius prolixus. In addition, contrary to the expectations deriving from the hygric hypothesis, it is demonstrated that the DGC does not cease in Rhodnius in humid air...

..The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of having allergic or nonallergic asthma on exhaled nitric oxide levels, with special regard to smoking history...

..Concerning inhaled therapeutic particles, optimal parameters for mechanical drug-aerosol targeting of predetermined lung areas can be computed, given representative pulmonary airways...

..We will review what is known about the physiology of this plasma factor that, it is now clear, is more than just an erythrocyte production factor...

..A consistent K(f) is dependent on accurately separating the filtration and vascular volume components of lung weight gain, then K(f) is a consistent and repeatable index of lung vascular permeability...

..To determine whether warm-up exercise at different intensities alters kinetics and total contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power in subsequent supramaximal exercise in horses...

..We also explain why self-similarity occurs in the alveolar system and was indeed observed as a fractal pattern deep in rat lungs (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:10173-10178, 2002)...

..This previously unreported gas phase resistance appears to be a major determinant of the duration of the open period and thus of overall water loss rates in these pupae...

..These data support the notion that endothelial dysfunction may alter haemoglobin-oxygen affinity and tissue oxygen supply in vivo. Alternation of haemoglobin-oxygen supply may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension...

..Arterial pH (pHa) of dormant animals is reduced compared to active lizards at body temperatures below 15 degrees C, while no significant difference was noticed at higher temperatures...

..There is a disproportionately low contribution from plasma to oxygen consumption, which suggests that PHP may act as an oxygen sink in moderate anemia...

..The differential responses in exhaled CO and NO at rest or with exercise between patients with cardiomyopathy and normal controls may point to dysregulation in endogenous CO and NO production...

..We interpret these studies to indicate that endogenous p50 protects the host by curbing inflammatory responses to prevent injury, essential to survive pneumonia...

..These side effects may limit its use as a sole vasopressor during sepsis. Potentially, a simultaneous infusion of AVP and NE could represent a useful therapeutic option...

..The results of this study suggest that under most conditions, an idealized model based on the Weibel dimensions is not sufficient to predict deposition, and an accurate model, such as those based on imaging techniques may be required...

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..This is likely due to the complex nature of the confined jet flow...

..system at normoxic VO2max, the fraction of the total limitation to O2 flux contributed by each of the respiratory transport steps is calculated as either the fractional change (F) in VO2max for a 1% change in each component, or as ..

..The delivery of gases above or below normal physiologic levels has been shown to produce clinical problems...

..05) in pigs. We conclude that hypocapnia increases ventilation heterogeneity in dogs but not in pigs, most likely related to an interspecies difference in collateral ventilation...

..The dynamics of airway alcohol exchange results in a positively sloped exhaled alveolar plateau that contributes to considerable breathing pattern-dependent variation in measured breath alcohol concentration measurements...

..Our data illustrates that the link between the arterial and mixed-venous oscillations is non-linear and dependent on the sigmoidal binding relationship between oxygen and haemoglobin...

..This finding suggests that Cx43 plays an essential role in heart development but that there is functional compensation among connexins in other parts of the developing fetus...

..In P. californicus, which we were able to measure with and without a DGC, presence or absence of a DGC did not affect respiratory vs total water loss rates...

..Thus, Bufo woodhousei appears able to restrict cutaneous blood flow without compromising vital cutaneous CO2 loss...

..Additional studies are required to determine the effects of continuous infusion of glipizide in the presence of systemic inflammation...

..CFD models may provide an efficient means of studying the complex effects of airway geometry, particle characteristics, and ventilatory parameters on particle deposition and therefore aid in the design of human subject experiments...

..We conclude that splenic contraction enhances both convective and diffusive O2 transport and provides another compensatory mechanism for maintaining alveolar O2 transport in the presence of restrictive lung disease or ambient hypoxia...

..Different deposition mechanisms can be combined into the mass conversation equation. Combined deposition efficiency for the three mechanisms simultaneously was evaluated and compared with two commonly used empirical expressions...

..For most cases shown, an increase in gas transfer is accompanied by a higher pressure drop required to power the flow through the device...

..Drosophila in flight show an unexpected cyclicity in gas exchange even at constant metabolic flux rates--perhaps because regular proboscis extensions assist in providing oxygen to the fly's brain...

..Termites may eschew the DGC because periodic flushing of the tracheal system with air may harm the obligate anaerobes upon which the lower termites depend for survival on their native diet of chewed wood...

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..However, the tissue dose of ozone increased along the conducting airways, reached a maximal dose in the terminal bronchioles, and decreased sharply in the respiratory airways...

..Therefore, one cannot draw conclusions on the safety, tolerability and efficacy of MP4 in terms of red cell replacement when large amounts of oxygen carriers are needed...

..A phase I clinical trial of MP4 was undertaken to evaluate whether MP4 elicits the clinical side effects associated with previous hemoglobin-based solutions...

..Nonetheless, we demonstrate that the O2 transport model accurately predicts O2 consumption within a HF bioreactor, thus setting up the modeling framework for improving the design of future hepatic HF bioreactors...

..A method to create a realistic velocity profile at the inlet of the domain was developed, in order to obtain data about particle deposition also reliable about the first bifurcation, unlike previous works...

..This study suggests that intra-tracheal and trans-spiracular convection of air driven by active tracheal compression may be a major component of ventilation for many insects...

..The minute to minute balance between these two processes, one delivering oxygen the other removing it, determines the pattern of respiration exhibited by the insect at any given time...

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..This article highlights the role of the nurse in respiratory assessment and discusses the implications of clinical findings...

..This "conductance constraint hypothesis" may help to explain the otherwise puzzling phylogenetic patterns of continuous vs. discontinuous gas exchange observed in tracheate arthropods...

..In neonates, the use of heated humidification during surgery may help contribute to thermal balance owing to the unique issues of temperature regulation and control in these patients...

..Our results demonstrate that HBOCs can enhance O(2) delivery to cultured hepatocytes, while exposing them to in vivo-like O(2) tensions, which is critical to create a fully functional BLAD...

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..At the same time the findings of this project may lay down the foundation for realistic and rationally based inhalation dosimetry in children - a matter of great clinical importance. ..

..This knowledge has important implications for the estimation of health hazards posed by particulate air pollution and for the establishment of age-appropriate doses of therapeutic drugs delivered by aerosols. ..

..abstract_text> ..

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..and that lung PAR1 and PAR2 activation peptidesincrease lung vascular permeability in TRPV4+/+ mice ventilated with high airway pressures but not in TRPV4-/- mice, or either genotype ventilated with low airway pressures ..

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..The long-term goal is to develop and encourage creative and multidisciplinary investigations discovering innovative and effective prevention and treatment strategies for acute respiratory infections. (End of Abstract) ..

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..Other applications include continuous intrapulmonary administration of drugs and anesthetics and clearance of material from the lungs...

..abstract_text> ..

..Using this approach, we will define the genetic spectrum of PCD, and correlate specific genetic variants with clinical presentations of this disease, especially during the neonatal period. ..

..and that lung PAR1 and PAR2 activation peptidesincrease lung vascular permeability in TRPV4+/+ mice ventilated with high airway pressures but not in TRPV4-/- mice, or either genotype ventilated with low airway pressures ..

..Such knowledge will be essential to guiding future studies aiming to manipulate innate immune signaling in order to prevent or treat lung infections. ..