Research Topics
Genomes and Genes
| virus sheddingSummarySummary: The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). Top Publications
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Publications
Clinical features of the initial cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in ChinaBin Cao
Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
N Engl J Med 361:2507-17. 2009..Persons in whom infection was confirmed were hospitalized and quarantined, and some of them were closely observed for the purpose of investigating the nature and duration of the disease...- Viral load in patients infected with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virusKelvin K W To
Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
J Med Virol 82:1-7. 2010..Younger age was associated with prolonged shedding in the respiratory tract and higher viral load in the stool. Data from this quantitative analysis of viral shedding may have implications for formulating infection control measures... 
Correlation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viral load with disease severity and prolonged viral shedding in childrenChung Chen Li
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
Emerg Infect Dis 16:1265-72. 2010..7 days). These results suggest that younger children may require a longer isolation period and that patients with pneumonia may require treatment that is more aggressive than standard therapy for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus...- Viral loads and duration of viral shedding in adult patients hospitalized with influenzaNelson Lee
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
J Infect Dis 200:492-500. 2009..The goal of this study was to characterize viral loads and factors affecting viral clearance in persons with severe influenza... 
Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress herpes simplex virusNicolas Nagot
Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
N Engl J Med 356:790-9. 2007..Epidemiologic data suggest that infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is associated with increased genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and HIV-1 transmissibility...- Impact of aciclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA in HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in South AfricaSinead Delany
Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
AIDS 23:461-9. 2009..Several studies suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) may enhance HIV-1 transmission and disease progression... - Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) outbreak among 15 school-aged HIV-1-infected childrenCornelia Feiterna-Sperling
Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Helmut Ruska Haus, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Clin Infect Dis 51:e90-4. 2010..Oseltamivir shortened the duration of viral shedding... - Virus shedding and potential for interspecies waterborne transmission of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in sparrows and chickensHeather L Forrest
Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mailstop 330, Memphis, TN 38105 2794, USA
J Virol 84:3718-20. 2010..The viral shedding and susceptibility to infection we observed in sparrows, coupled with their presence in poultry houses, could facilitate virus spread among poultry and wild birds in the face of an H5N1 influenza virus outbreak... - The onset of virus shedding and clinical signs in chickens infected with high-pathogenicity and low-pathogenicity avian influenza virusesAnna R Spickler
Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Avian Pathol 37:555-77. 2008..The present review examines the onset of virus shedding and the development of clinical signs for a variety of avian influenza viruses in chickens... - Shedding light on avian influenza H4N6 infection in mallards: modes of transmission and implications for surveillanceKaci K VanDalen
National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
PLoS ONE 5:e12851. 2010..Because AIV circulating in wild birds pose an indirect threat to agriculture and human health, understanding the ecology of AIV and developing risk assessments and surveillance systems for prevention of disease is critical... - The effect of treatment of vaginal infections on shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1C C Wang
Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
J Infect Dis 183:1017-22. 2001..2- and 4.2-fold after treating Candida and Trichomonas, respectively. These data suggest that HIV-1 transmission intervention strategies that incorporate diagnosis and treatment of these prevalent infections warrant evaluation... - Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in AsiaD J Hulse-Post
Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10682-7. 2005..These results suggest that the duck has become the "Trojan horse" of Asian H5N1 influenza viruses. The ducks that are unaffected by infection with these viruses continue to circulate these viruses, presenting a pandemic threat... - The effect of age on avian influenza viral shedding in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)T P Costa
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Avian Dis 54:581-5. 2010..This information may help us better understand the natural history of these viruses, interpret field and experimental data, and plan future experimental trials... - Suppressive acyclovir therapy reduces HIV cervicovaginal shedding in HIV- and HSV-2-infected women, Chiang Rai, ThailandEileen F Dunne
National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 49:77-83. 2008..Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection is important in the HIV epidemic and may contribute to increased HIV transmission. We evaluated the effect of suppressive acyclovir therapy on cervicovaginal HIV-1 shedding... - Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast AsiaNeil M Ferguson
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
Nature 437:209-14. 2005..Policy effectiveness depends critically on how quickly clinical cases are diagnosed and the speed with which antiviral drugs can be distributed... - AIP1/ALIX is a binding partner for HIV-1 p6 and EIAV p9 functioning in virus buddingBettina Strack
Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Cell 114:689-99. 2003..These observations identify AIP1 as a component of the viral budding machinery, which serves to link a distinct region in the L domain of HIV-1 p6 and EIAV p9 to ESCRT-III... - Effect of different vaccination schedules on excretion of oral poliovirus vaccine strainsMajid Laassri
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
J Infect Dis 192:2092-8. 2005..This suggests that IPV-vaccinated communities are partially protected from the spread of poliovirus. Further enhancement of IPV potency may lead to even higher levels of mucosal immunity... - Effect of prophylactic valacyclovir on the presence of human herpesvirus DNA in saliva of healthy individuals after dental treatmentCraig S Miller
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, USA
J Clin Microbiol 43:2173-80. 2005.... - Prolonged influenza virus infection during lymphocytopenia and frequent detection of drug-resistant virusesJairo Gooskens
Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
J Infect Dis 199:1435-41. 2009..Clinical improvement in influenza lower respiratory tract infection is observed during oseltamivir treatment, but complete viral clearance is dependent on lymphocyte reconstitution, irrespective of receipt of antiviral medication... - Experimental infection of chickens as candidate sentinels for West Nile virusS A Langevin
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P O Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 7:726-9. 2001..These are all considered positive attributes of a sentinel species for WN virus surveillance programs... - Shedding and serologic responses following primary and secondary inoculation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with low-pathogenicity avian influenza virusNicole M Nemeth
USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Avian Pathol 39:411-8. 2010.... - Infection studies with two highly pathogenic avian influenza strains (Vietnamese and Indonesian) in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), with particular reference to clinical disease, tissue tropism and viral sheddingJohn Bingham
CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
Avian Pathol 38:267-78. 2009..The higher prevalence of virus from swabs from ducks infected with the Vietnamese strain indicates that this strain may be more adapted to ducks than the Indonesia strain... - Aichi virus shedding in high concentrations in patients with acute diarrheaJan Felix Drexler
University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
Emerg Infect Dis 17:1544-8. 2011We assessed Aichi virus shedding in patients with gastroenteritis and negative test results for other viral and bacterial infections. High concentrations of up to 1.32 × 1012 RNA copies/g stool were found in 10 (2... - Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1) in infected chickens: feather as a suitable sample for diagnosisNuria Busquets
Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
J Gen Virol 91:2307-13. 2010..were collected from 15-day-old chicks infected with H7N1 highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) and the kinetics of virus shedding during active infection were evaluated... - Genital tract HIV-1 RNA shedding among women with below detectable plasma viral loadSusan Cu-Uvin
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miriam Hospital Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA
AIDS 24:2489-97. 2010..Few studies have assessed longitudinal genital tract HIV-1 shedding. We determined patterns of genital tract HIV-1 RNA shedding over time among women with suppressed plasma viral load (PVL) on antiretroviral treatment... - Viral shedding duration of pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus during an elementary school outbreak--Pennsylvania, May-June 2009Achuyt Bhattarai
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Clin Infect Dis 52:S102-8. 2011..Highest and lowest virus titers detected, 2 and 5 days following fever onset, were 3.2 and 1.2 log(10) TCID(50)/mL respectively. Overall, shedding duration in children and adults were similar to seasonal influenza viruses... - Infectious correlates of HIV-1 shedding in the female upper and lower genital tractsJenell S Coleman
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
AIDS 21:755-9. 2007..To determine the effects of vaginal, cervical, and endometrial infections on shedding of HIV-1 RNA in the female genital tract... - Influenza virus in a natural host, the mallard: experimental infection dataElsa Jourdain
Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
PLoS ONE 5:e8935. 2010..Our study also shows the relevance of using telemetry to monitor disease in animals... - Trichomonas vaginalis treatment reduces vaginal HIV-1 sheddingPatricia Kissinger
Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70012, USA
Sex Transm Dis 36:11-6. 2009..Vaginal HIV-1 shedding has been associated with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection and could play a role in HIV transmission. The purpose of the study was to examine if effective TV treatment reduces the presence of vaginal HIV-1 RNA... - Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its relationship to infant infection and maternal diseaseChristine M Rousseau
Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
J Infect Dis 187:741-7. 2003..3-3.0; P<.001). These results indicate that the risk of infant infection from breast-feeding is influenced by breast-milk virus load, which is highest early after delivery... - Pathogenicity of Chinese H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in pigeonsBeibei Jia
Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People s Republic of China
Arch Virol 153:1821-6. 2008..These results indicate that pigeons are susceptible to the more recent Asian H5N1 HPAI and could be a source of infection to other animals, including humans... - Effects of early oseltamivir therapy on viral shedding in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infectionLi M Ling
Departments of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
Clin Infect Dis 50:963-9. 2010..Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 is susceptible to oseltamivir. There are few reports on its clinical and virologic response to oseltamivir... - Minute excretion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/chicken/Indonesia/2003 (H5N1) from experimentally infected domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) and lack of transmission to sentinel chickensOrtrud Werner
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut FLI, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald Insel Riems, Germany
J Gen Virol 88:3089-93. 2007..All surviving birds shed virus via the oropharynx and the cloaca at minimal titres and seroconverted. Sentinel chickens reared in direct contact to the pigeons neither developed clinical signs nor seroconverted to the H5N1 virus... - Susceptibility of wood ducks to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virusJustin D Brown
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, Wildlife Health Building, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
J Wildl Dis 43:660-7. 2007.... - Maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection increases the risk of perinatal HIV transmission: possibility to further decrease transmission?Liesbeth Jm Bollen
Thailand Ministry of Public Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
AIDS 22:1169-76. 2008..To evaluate the association between maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity and genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding with perinatal HIV transmission... - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir in late pregnancy for the reduction of herpes simplex virus shedding and cesarean deliveryD Heather Watts
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:836-43. 2003..Neonatal outcomes were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Acyclovir significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, herpes simplex virus lesions and detection in late pregnancy... - The effect of hormonal contraception on genital tract shedding of HIV-1Chia C Wang
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA
AIDS 18:205-9. 2004..Our results may have important implications regarding the infectivity of women using hormonal contraception, and highlight the need for epidemiologic studies of transmission rates from women using and not using hormonal contraception... - Comparison of quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to viral culture for assessment of respiratory syncytial virus sheddingAnn R Falsey
Department of Medicine Infectious Disease Unit, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14621, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:4160-5. 2003..Quantitative RT-PCR has an excellent correlation with viral titers, as measured by culture, and should be a useful tool for future studies addressing viral load and disease pathogenesis... - Measuring the infectiousness of persons with HIV-1: opportunities for preventing sexual HIV-1 transmissionJared M Baeten
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
Curr HIV Res 1:69-86. 2003..Unresolved issues related to optimal measurement techniques for genital HIV-1, promises and limitations of antiretroviral therapy and vaccines to reduce infectiousness, and other intervention strategies still in development are reviewed... - The dynamics of herpesvirus and polyomavirus reactivation and shedding in healthy adults: a 14-month longitudinal studyPaul D Ling
Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX
J Infect Dis 187:1571-80. 2003..50). Thus, adults independently control persistent viruses, which display discordant, sporadic reactivations... - Correlates of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: association with maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA load, genital HIV-1 DNA shedding, and breast infectionsG C John
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
J Infect Dis 183:206-212. 2001..Use of methods that decrease infant exposure to HIV-1 in maternal genital secretions or breast milk may enhance currently recommended perinatal HIV-1 interventions... - Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in childbearing-aged and pregnant women living in GabonFrancis Ozouaki
, Gabon
Int J STD AIDS 17:124-7. 2006.... - Experimental infections of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses by intranasal inoculation of virus and ingestion of virus-infected chicken meatJustin D Brown
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, Wildlife Health Building, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Avian Pathol 37:393-7. 2008.... - Frequent genital herpes simplex virus 2 shedding in immunocompetent women. Effect of acyclovir treatmentA Wald
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
J Clin Invest 99:1092-7. 1997..HSV-2 shedding in the genital mucosa occurs much more frequently than previously appreciated. This frequent reactivation likely plays a role in the epidemic spread of genital herpes worldwide... - Use of a novel real-time PCR assay to detect oral polio vaccine shedding and reversion in stool and sewage samples after a mexican national immunization dayStephanie B Troy
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 5208, USA
J Clin Microbiol 49:1777-83. 2011.... - A comparative infection study of pigeon and avian paramyxovirus type 1 viruses in pigeons: evaluation of clinical signs, virus shedding and seroconversionJ C F M Dortmans
Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
Avian Pathol 40:125-30. 2011..After inoculation by the combined intraocular, intranasal and intratracheal route, clinical signs, virus shedding and serological responses were examined. Clinical signs were observed only in the FL-Herts-infected group... - Experimental transmission of avian-like swine H1N1 influenza virus between immunologically naïve and vaccinated pigsLucy E Lloyd
Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
Influenza Other Respi Viruses 5:357-64. 2011..Two studies in an experimental transmission model are presented here, one in immunologically naïve and one in a combination of vaccinated and naïve pigs... - Susceptibility of two species of wild terrestrial birds to infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of H5N1 subtypeYoshikazu Fujimoto
Tottori University, Japan
Avian Pathol 39:95-8. 2010..These findings suggest that there is variation in clinical outcome after infection of wild terrestrial birds, and that some bird species could become subclinical excretors of the H5N1 virus... - The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentallyBrandon Z Londt
Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
Influenza Other Respi Viruses 4:17-25. 2010..Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have recently displayed increased virulence for wild waterfowl... - Neurotropism in blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) and red-billed queleas (Quelea quelea) after highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infectionA Breithaupt
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald Insel Riems, Germany
Vet Pathol 48:924-32. 2011..They monitored all birds for clinical signs and oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding. They also performed immunohistochemistry and obtained molecular virologic data by real-time reverse .. - Use of the designation "shedder" in mucosal detection of herpes simplex virus DNA involving repeated samplingA S Magaret
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Sex Transm Infect 85:270-5. 2009..We evaluated two methods to describe detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from the genital mucosa... - A rat model of picornavirus-induced airway infection and inflammationLouis A Rosenthal
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
Virol J 6:122. 2009.... - Infection dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza and virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 viruses in chickens, turkeys and ducksE W Aldous
Virology Department, Surrey, UK
Avian Pathol 39:265-73. 2010..chickens, turkeys and ducks intranasally/intraocularly, and infection was confirmed by the detection of virus shedding from the buccal or cloacal route by analysis of swabs collected using real-time reverse transcriptase-.. - Oseltamivir compared with the Chinese traditional therapy maxingshigan-yinqiaosan in the treatment of H1N1 influenza: a randomized trialChen Wang
Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Ann Intern Med 155:217-25. 2011..Observational studies from Asia suggest that maxingshigan-yinqiaosan may be effective in the treatment of acute H1N1 influenza... - Duration of influenza A virus shedding in hospitalized patients and implications for infection controlSurbhi Leekha
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinical College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:1071-6. 2007..To assess the duration of shedding of influenza A virus detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture among patients hospitalized with influenza A virus infection... - Quantitative detection of norovirus excretion in pediatric patients with cancer and prolonged gastroenteritis and shedding of norovirusA Ludwig
Institute for Virology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
J Med Virol 80:1461-7. 2008..Since vomiting is frequent in pediatric patients with oncological conditions, a screening program for rapid detection of norovirus infection in this group of patients should be considered... - The impact of syndromic treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on genital shedding of HIV-1Dawit Wolday
Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP, the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Black-Lion Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AIDS 18:781-5. 2004.... - Interspecies transmission of equine influenza virus (H3N8) to dogs by close contact with experimentally infected horsesTakashi Yamanaka
Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400 4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329 0412, Japan
Vet Microbiol 139:351-5. 2009..Moreover, two of the three dogs exhibited virus shedding. However, the dogs exhibited no clinical signs throughout the course of the study... - Transmission of canine influenza virus (H3N8) among susceptible dogsFaris F Jirjis
Intervet Schering Plough Animal Health, 21401 West Center Road, Elkhorn, NE 68022, USA
Vet Microbiol 144:303-9. 2010..The onset of clinical signs, virus shedding, seroconversion, and appearance of lung lesions were observed earlier in experimentally infected dogs; however,.. - Comparison of viral load and duration of virus shedding in symptomatic and asymptomatic neonatal rotavirus infectionsSasirekha Ramani
Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
J Med Virol 82:1803-7. 2010..The duration of virus shedding was also compared between five symptomatic and four asymptomatic neonates using real-time RT-PCR... - Virus shedding and environmental deposition of novel A (H1N1) pandemic influenza virus: interim findingsB Killingley
Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Health Technol Assess 14:237-354. 2010..Further information about the deposition of viable influenza virus in the immediate vicinity of patients with pandemic influenza is fundamental to our understanding of the routes and mechanisms of transmission... - APOE genotype is associated with oral herpetic lesions but not genital or oral herpes simplex virus sheddingDavid M Koelle
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98102, USA
Sex Transm Infect 86:202-6. 2010..Apolipoprotein E is polymorphic in the human population. APOE4 has previously been reported to correlate with symptomatic oral and genital herpes disease... - Herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission: risk factors and virus sheddingAnna Wald
University of Washington, Virology Research Clinic, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
Herpes 11:130A-137A. 2004..An important contributing factor to the spread of genital herpes is unrecognized virus shedding, often allowing transmission from individuals who are not aware that they are infected or who are not having a .. - Treatment of cervicitis is associated with decreased cervical shedding of HIV-1R S McClelland
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, USA
AIDS 15:105-10. 2001..Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases may be an important means of decreasing the infectivity of HIV-1 seropositive women by reducing exposure to HIV-1 in genital secretions... - Frequency of drug-resistant viruses and virus shedding in pediatric influenza patients treated with neuraminidase inhibitorsDaisuke Tamura
Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of MedicalScience, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato ku, Tokyo, Japan
Clin Infect Dis 52:432-7. 2011..We therefore compared the prevalence of drug-resistant viruses and virus shedding in seasonal influenza virus-infected children treated with either oseltamivir or zanamivir. - No influence of oxygen levels on pathogenesis and virus shedding in Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)-challenged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)Linda Andersen
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PB 7800, N 5020 Bergen, Norway
Virol J 7:198. 2010..In this study we looked at the relationship between SAV-infection in salmon and sub-lethal environmental hypoxia as a result of reduced flow-through in tank systems... - Prevalence and risk factors of cervicovaginal HIV shedding among HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected women in Dakar, SenegalK Seck
, IHS, Dakar, , , France
Sex Transm Infect 77:190-3. 2001..2 (0.5-2.9)). CONCLUSION: Advanced disease stage and immunosuppression are the major risk determinants for shedding of both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Basic vaginal pH is also a risk determinant for HIV-1 shedding... - Amplified transmission of HIV-1: comparison of HIV-1 concentrations in semen and blood during acute and chronic infectionChristopher D Pilcher
Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7030, USA
AIDS 21:1723-30. 2007..This study was conducted to compare viral dynamics in blood and semen between subjects with antibody negative, acute HIV-1 infection and other subjects with later stages of infection... - Long-term features of norovirus gastroenteritis in the elderlyJ L Goller
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
J Hosp Infect 58:286-91. 2004..Furthermore, the care of elderly individuals recovering from a norovirus infection should take long-term non-specific clinical symptoms into account... - Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogsP C Crawford
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Science 310:482-5. 2005..Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population... - Latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in goats and of caprine herpesvirus 1 (CapHV-1) in calvesA Six
Institute of Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, , Switzerland
Arch Virol 146:1325-35. 2001..Based on these results we conclude that goats should indeed be regarded as a potential BHV-1 reservoir, which must be considered during IBR eradication programs... - Alternate replication in B cells and epithelial cells switches tropism of Epstein-Barr virusCorina M Borza
School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Nat Med 8:594-9. 2002..This molecular switch is a novel strategy that could alter tropism of virus from epithelium to B cells and then back to epithelium in a new host... - Characterization of shedding patterns of Porcine circovirus types 2a and 2b in experimentally inoculated mature boarsDarin M Madson
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
J Vet Diagn Invest 20:725-34. 2008..Differences in shedding patterns between PCV-2a and -2b were not observed under the study conditions... - Poliovirus excretion in Guatemalan adults and children with HIV infection and children with cancerEdwin J Asturias
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room W5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Biologicals 34:109-12. 2006..The evidence from this and other studies indicates that the persistent poliovirus excretion in HIV-infected individuals is an unlikely event... - Epstein-Barr virus shedding by astronauts during space flightD L Pierson
U TX Med Br, Galveston
Brain Behav Immun 19:235-42. 2005..Increases in the number of viral copies and in the amount of EBV-specific antibody were consistent with EBV reactivation before, during, and after space flight... - Use of a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for monitoring the shedding of feline coronavirus by healthy catsD D Addie
Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow
Vet Rec 148:649-53. 2001..Four of the cats were resistant to infection. Seventy-three per cent of the virus shedding episodes lasted up to three months and 95 per cent up to nine months... - Prevalence of vaccine-derived polioviruses in stools of immunodeficient children in South AfricaD N Pavlov
Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
J Appl Microbiol 101:1367-79. 2006.... - Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the mouse trigeminal ganglion: an in vivo study of virus antigen and immune cell infiltrationC Shimeld
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, UK
J Gen Virol 77:2583-90. 1996..However, they also suggest that as little as one reactivating neuron in the ganglion may be sufficient to lead to such disease and/or shedding... - Effect of valacyclovir on viral shedding in immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes simplex virus 2 genital herpes: a US-based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialKenneth H Fife
Indiana University School of Medicine, Room 435 Emerson Hall, 545 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Mayo Clin Proc 81:1321-7. 2006.... - Impact of immunization with glycoprotein D2/AS04 on herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding into the genital tract in guinea pigs that become infectedNigel Bourne
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, USA
J Infect Dis 192:2117-23. 2005..However, the amount of virus shed was significantly reduced, as measured by qPCR. These data suggest that immunization could affect transmission by altering viral shedding patterns... - Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledgeOlen M Kew
WHO Global Specialized Reference Laboratory, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Bull World Health Organ 82:16-23. 2004..Particular attention must be given to areas where the risks for wild poliovirus circulation have been highest, and where the highest rates of polio vaccine coverage must be maintained to suppress cVDPV emergence... - Association between genital tract cytomegalovirus infection and bacterial vaginosisShannon A Ross
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA
J Infect Dis 192:1727-30. 2005..In addition, most of the women who were shedding CMV were infected with >1 virus strain. These results suggest that local CMV replication and infection with multiple CMV strains is facilitated by the presence of BV... - Interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in African women: opportunities for interventionF X Mbopi-Keou
Central Public Health Laboratory, Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory, London NW9 5HT, UK
J Infect Dis 182:1090-6. 2000..02) among the 23 women who were shedding HSV-2 DNA. If confirmed, such associations highlight the urgent need for HSV-2 control measures in populations at high risk of both infections... - Viral shedding in children with influenza virus infections treated with neuraminidase inhibitorsMasatoki Sato
Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima South Aizu Hospital, Tajima, Japan
Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:931-2. 2005We examined the efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors for reducing the duration of virus shedding after naturally occurring influenza virus infection... - PCR detection and evidence of shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in boar semenR Larochelle
Laboratoire d Hygiène vétérinaire et alimentaire, Agence canadienne d inspection des aliments, Saint Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
J Clin Microbiol 38:4629-32. 2000..Following infection, PCV2 DNA can be detected in semen concurrently with the presence of PCV2 DNA and antibodies in the serum. The present study suggests that PCV2 may be shed intermittently in the semen of infected boars... - Infectious HIV-1 assembles in late endosomes in primary macrophagesAnnegret Pelchen-Matthews
Cell Biology Unit, Medical Research MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
J Cell Biol 162:443-55. 2003..This notion has significant implications for understanding the biology of HIV and its cell-cell transmission... - Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection and glucocorticoid treatment regulate viral yield, glucocorticoid receptor and NF-kappaB levelsA C Erlandsson
Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
J Endocrinol 175:165-76. 2002..Further studies of the observed effects of HSV-1 infection and glucocorticoid treatment on GR and NF-kappaB regulation could give insights into the immunoendocrine mechanisms important for defence and therapy against viral infections... - Longer virus shedding in influenza B than in influenza A among outpatients treated with oseltamivirNaoki Kawai
Japan Physicians Association, Tokyo Medical Association Building 3F, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda ku, Tokyo, Japan
J Infect 55:267-72. 2007..To compare the persistence, susceptibility and resistance of influenza A and influenza B viruses in oseltamivir therapy in outpatients of various ages... - Novel Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak at the U.S. Air Force Academy: epidemiology and viral shedding durationCatherine Takacs Witkop
2355 Faculty Drive, Room 2N286, U S Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs CO 80840, USA
Am J Prev Med 38:121-6. 2010..Specimens from ill cadets tested positive for novel influenza A (H1N1 [nH1N1])-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction... - Comparison of hamster and pony challenge models for evaluation of effect of antigenic drift on cross protection afforded by equine influenza vaccinesJ M Daly
Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
Equine Vet J 35:458-62. 2003..POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Further validation is required, but the hamster model shows potential for preliminary assessment of the effects of antigenic drift on vaccine efficacy... - Biologic characterization of H4, H6, and H9 type low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from wild birds in chickens and turkeysAntonio C Morales
Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Avian Dis 53:552-62. 2009The pathogenesis, virus shedding, and serologic response in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and commercial turkeys against H4, H6, and H9 type low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI) from wild birds was examined... - Shedding and intracage transmission of Sin Nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) modelJason Botten
Infectious Diseases and Inflammation Program and Departments of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
J Virol 76:7587-94. 2002..Compared to other hantavirus models, SN virus is shed less efficiently and transmits inefficiently among cage mates. Transmission of SN virus among reservoir rodents may require factors that are not required for other hantaviruses... - ST-246 inhibits in vivo poxvirus dissemination, virus shedding, and systemic disease manifestationAklile Berhanu
SIGA Technologies, Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:4999-5009. 2009..In mice intranasally infected with vaccinia virus, virus shedding from the nasal and lung mucosa was significantly lower (approximately 22- and 528-fold, respectively) upon ST-.. - Illness severity, viral shedding, and antibody responses in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virusPeter F Wright
Departments of Pediatrics, Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 2581, USA
J Infect Dis 185:1011-8. 2002..The response was not influenced by age, primary diagnosis, amount of virus recovered, or severity of illness but was suppressed by preexisting antibody... - Long-term infection and shedding of human cytomegalovirus in T98G glioblastoma cellsMin Hua Luo
Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 3052, USA
J Virol 81:10424-36. 2007..Under this protocol, detectable infectious-virus shedding continued until passage 5 and viral gene expression continued through eight passages... - Vaccination with a gE-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine confers insufficient protection to a bovine herpesvirus type 5 challengeAlessandra D Silva
Equipe de Virologia, FEPAGRO Saúde Animal Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor CPVDF, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
Vaccine 24:3313-20. 2006..Besides, nasal virus shedding post-challenge was not reduced by vaccination... - Salivary human herpesvirus 8 shedding in renal allograft recipients with Kaposi's sarcomaL M Al-Otaibi
Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
J Med Virol 79:1357-65. 2007..Measures to curtail salivary viral transmission to pre- and post-transplantation patients might reduce the incidence of post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma... - Effect of emergency FMD vaccine antigen payload on protection, sub-clinical infection and persistence following direct contact challenge of cattleS J Cox
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
Vaccine 24:3184-90. 2006..Additionally, increasing the antigen payload of the vaccine may reduce sub-clinical infection, leading to fewer persistently infected virus carrier animals... - An adenovirus type F41 outbreak in a pediatric bone marrow transplant unit: analysis of clinical impact and preventive strategiesFrauke Mattner
Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
Pediatr Infect Dis J 27:419-24. 2008..The study aimed to determine the clinical course of different HAdV subtypes and to investigate whether the cluster was caused by nosocomial transmission or by endogenous reactivation... - Inoculation of mares and very young foals with EHV-1 glycoproteins D and B reduces virus shedding following respiratory challenge with EHV-1C E Foote
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
Vet Immunol Immunopathol 111:97-108. 2006.... - A comparison of genital HIV-1 shedding and sexual risk behavior among Kenyan women based on eligibility for initiation of HAART according to WHO guidelinesR Scott McClelland
Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 41:611-5. 2006..Guidelines for initiating antiretrovirals are based on markers of advanced disease and are not directly linked to markers of HIV-1 transmission such as viral shedding...
Research Grants
- Adenovirus Persistence in Human Lymphoid TissuesLinda Gooding; Fiscal Year: 2007The subgroup C adenoviruses cause respiratory tract infections in young children leading to episodic virus shedding for months to years after primary infection...
- Therapeutic Ocular HSV Vaccine in HLA Transgenic RabbitsLbachir BenMohamed; Fiscal Year: 2010..A major gap in our current knowledge is: "How can we prevent or significantly reduce virus shedding in tears and HSV-induced ocular disease due to spontaneous reactivation of latent virus in the TG?" HSV-..
- A Novel Approach to RSV VaccinationJoan E Durbin; Fiscal Year: 2010..Disease in seropositive adults and older children is usually limited to the upper airway, but significant virus shedding has been observed at each reinfection thus maintaining the virus within an immune population...
- Measles Virotherapy for Glioblastoma MultiformeEvanthia Galanis; Fiscal Year: 2007..dose level as manifested by the serum CEA concentrations and to assess viremia, viral replication, and measles virus shedding and persistence; c) to determine humoral and cellular immune response to the injected virus and correlate it ..
- OCULAR HSV: LATENCY, REACTIVATION, & RECURRENCEJames Hill; Fiscal Year: 1991..Thses basic studies involving induction of virus shedding and recurrent epithelial disease will continue in two previously developed rabbit models: 1) ocular ..
- PROTECTION OF GENITAL MUCOSA AND GANGLIA AGAINST HSV-2Gregg Milligan; Fiscal Year: 2003..latent infection in the sensory ganglia, periodically reactivate, and cause recurrent lesions or asymptomatic virus shedding in genital tissues thus increasing its chances of infecting new hosts...
- Does the HSV-1 latency associated transcript (LAT) encode a protein?Clinton Jones; Fiscal Year: 2007..External stimuli can induce reactivation from latency resulting in virus shedding, recurrent disease, and spread to uninfected individuals...
- Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Vaccinia VirusesJames Crowe; Fiscal Year: 2006..epitopes following primary immunization is associated with adverse events that are related to failure to clear virus shedding rapidly...
- Computer Simulation of Epstein Barr Virus InfectionDavid Thorley Lawson; Fiscal Year: 2007..We will use sensitive PCR and immunological techniques to accurately measure levels of virus shedding, virus infected cells, EBV specific CD4 and CD8 cells and neutralizing antibody as acute infection resolves ..
- Computer Simulation of Epstein Barr Virus InfectionDavid Thorley Lawson; Fiscal Year: 2009..We will use sensitive PCR and immunological techniques to accurately measure levels of virus shedding, virus infected cells, EBV specific CD4 and CD8 cells and neutralizing antibody as acute infection resolves ..
- Immunization to Reduce Genital and Neonatal HerpesNigel Bourne; Fiscal Year: 2006..of immunization on the magnitude of latent infection and recurrent disease (both clinical recurrences and virus shedding into the genital tract)...