[Adrenogenital syndrome: feminizing genital reconstruction]Indre Zaparackaite
Kauno medicinos universiteto Vaiku chirurgijos klinika, Eiveniu 2, 3007 Kaunas
Medicina (Kaunas) 38:706-11. 2002
..There were 4 cases of vaginal stenosis and 2 cases of urethrovaginal fistula (all successfully repaired later). Early one staged genitoplasty and postoperative vaginal dilatations for the period of 6-12 months is recommended...
Critical androgen-sensitive periods of rat penis and clitoris developmentMichelle Welsh
MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Int J Androl 33:e144-52. 2010
..Foetal and/or postnatal TP exposure does not increase adult penile size above its 'predetermined' length though its growth towards this maximum is advanced by peripubertal TP treatment...
- Clitoral sexual arousal: neuronal tracing study from the clitoris through the spinal tracts
Nieves Martin-Alguacil
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
J Urol 180:1241-8. 2008
..specific afferent neural pathways transmit sensory stimuli of arousal, beginning at the epithelial level on the clitoris and following the course of arousal stimuli through the central nervous system...
Neuroanatomical evidence for a role of central melanocortin-4 receptors and oxytocin in the efferent control of the rodent clitoris and vaginaHelene Gelez
Pelvipharm Laboratories, Orsay Parc, Bâtiment Cèdres, Orsay, France
J Sex Med 7:2056-67. 2010
The clitoris and the vagina are the main peripheral anatomical structures involved in physiological changes related to sexual arousal and orgasm...
- Duplication and exstrophy of the bladder with clitoris and vagina duplex as well as uterus bicornis
Wolfram Kluwe
Department of Surgical Pediatrics, Children s Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Urology 70:591.e1-2. 2007
..The surgical treatment, aiming at anatomic reconstruction of the genitourinary system and closure of the symphysis, was successfully performed without any complication...
- Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the clitoris in an elderly patient: report of a case
D Haidopoulos
1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Greece
Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 23:447-9. 2002
..We report a case of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the clitoris occurring in an elderly patient...
- Menstrual cycle-related morphometric and vascular modifications of the clitoris
Cesare Battaglia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
J Sex Med 5:2853-61. 2008
..The evaluation of clitoral anatomy and function is of paramount importance to understand the physiology and pathology of clitoral function...
- Clitoral pain: the great unexplored pain in women
Allan S Gordon
Wasser Pain Management Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, 1170, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
J Sex Marital Ther 28:123-8. 2002
..Eight claimed painful, allodynic nipples and seven had sensitive nipples. Clitoral pain was an important cause of pain in these women...
- Peptidergic innervation of the human clitoris
C Hauser-Kronberger
Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Immunohistochemistry and Biochemistry Unit, University of Salzburg, Austria
Peptides 20:539-43. 1999
In the present study, the distributions of neuropeptides in the normal human clitoris and in a clitoris from an adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC)...
- Rhabdomyosarcoma of the clitoris
Neil D Ghushe
Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Pediatr Radiol 37:1179. 2007
- The anterior vaginal wall as an organ for the transmission of active forces to the urethra and the clitoris
A Ingelman-Sundberg
Sabbatsberg Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 8:50-1. 1997
..It also functions during intercourse to transmit the effect of penile introduction into the vagina to the clitoris, by stretching the two ligaments that insert around its base.
- Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis of the clitoris
Ryo Hattori
Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Japan
Dermatol Surg 29:1071-2. 2003
..Although NLCS can affect any region of the entire body, no case of NLCS in the clitoris has ever been reported...
- Effects of estrogen on nitric oxide synthase and histological composition in the rabbit clitoris and vagina
H N Yoon
Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
Int J Impot Res 13:205-11. 2001
We investigated the functional and histological changes after oophorectomy in the rabbit clitoris and vagina to determine the mechanism responsible for the development of arousal disorder in postmenopausal women...
- Anatomical study of the obturator foramen and dorsal nerve of the clitoris and their relationship to minimally invasive slings
Chahin Achtari
Urogynaecology Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Clarendon Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia
Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 17:330-4. 2006
The objective of the study is to clarify potential risks to the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) and obturator canal using different minimally invasive slings.
- Colpoperineoplasty in women with a sensation of a wide vagina
Jack S Pardo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Las Condes, Chile
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:1125-7. 2006
..In women complaining of a wide vagina and decreased sexual satisfaction we performed colporrhaphy--including perineoplasty in most cases...
- Genital sensitivity after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual patients
Gennaro Selvaggi
Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Ann Plast Surg 58:427-33. 2007
..In phalloplasty, the dorsal hood of the clitoris is incorporated into the neoscrotum; the clitoris is transposed, buried, and fixed directly below the ..
- The long term outcome of feminizing genital surgery for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: anatomical, functional and cosmetic outcomes, psychosexual development, and satisfaction in adult female patients
Nike M M L Stikkelbroeck
Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 16:289-96. 2003
..RESULTS:(a) The first surgery (age 0.1-3.7 yr) consisted of clitoris reduction and vaginoplasty (single-stage) in 7 patients and clitoris reduction only in one patient...
- Sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus
Derek Rutherford
Department of Urology, Ayr Hospital, UK
Gynecol Endocrinol 21:189-92. 2005
..Previous studies in women with diabetes may also neglect the importance of the subjective qualities associated with female sexuality and sexual expression...
- Gender identity disorder: general overview and surgical treatment for vaginoplasty in male-to-female transsexuals
Gennaro Selvaggi
Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Plast Reconstr Surg 116:135e-145e. 2005
..3. The surgical goals of sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism. 4. The surgical techniques available for sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism...
- Long-term functional outcomes of female genital reconstruction in childhood
Naomi S Crouch
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, London, UK
BJU Int 100:403-7. 2007
....
- Morphological modifications in clitoris and vagina in spontaneously hypertensive rats
A J Bechara
Sexual Dysfunction Section, Urology Division, Hospital Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Int J Impot Res 15:166-72. 2003
We evaluated possible morphological alteration in clitoris and vagina from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive WKY rats...
- Development of feminizing genitoplasty for gender dysphoria
Jonathan Charles Goddard
Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK
J Sex Med 4:981-9. 2007
..Gender reassignment surgery (GRS) developed from reconstructive procedures for congenital abnormalities. Some surgery was disguised, techniques were not recorded, and operations were carried out in secret...
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels during high-dose glucocorticoid supplement for the management of clitoroplasty of CYP21A2 deficiency
Yasuhiro Naiki
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center of Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
Endocr J 51:367-73. 2004
..ACTH and 17OHP levels were completely suppressed throughout operation, indicating that this kind of additional pretreatment is more effective approach...
- Success of sildenafil treatment in neurogenic female sexual dysfunction caused by L5-S1 intervertebral disk rupture: a case report
Dean Ferrara
Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, USA
Int J Urol 14:566-7; discussion 568. 2007
..Physiologic sexual dysfunction can, in many cases, be the result of impaired neurovascular tone to the clitoris and vagina. The vagina and clitoris both contain erectile tissue and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)...
- Do women with female ejaculation have detrusor overactivity?
Rufus Cartwright
King s College Hospital, London, UK
J Sex Med 4:1655-8. 2007
..Questionnaire surveys suggest that 40-54% of women have experienced an expulsion of fluid at orgasm. Some of these women have coital incontinence, whereas others identify the fluid passed as female ejaculate...
- Functional anatomy of the human vagina
C R T di Gioia
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, 1st University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
J Endocrinol Invest 26:92-6. 2003
..biochemical and molecular regulation of erection are largely known, the exact anatomical description of the human clitoris was produced in 1998, the taxonomy of female sexual dysfunctions classified in 1999, and biochemistry of female ..
- Feminizing genitoplasty in adult transsexuals: early and long-term surgical results
Jonathan C Goddard
Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
BJU Int 100:607-13. 2007
..To examine the early and late surgical outcomes of feminizing genitoplasty (FG) in adult transsexuals in a UK single surgeon practice over a 10-year period...
- Physiological changes in female genital sensation during sexual stimulation
Ilan Gruenwald
Rambam Medical Center Neuro urology, Haifa, Israel
J Sex Med 4:390-4. 2007
..So far genital sensation has been investigated only during a non-excitatory state, and the sensory physiological changes, which occur during the sexual cycle in this region, are still obscured...
- Genital sensation after feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a pilot study
N S Crouch
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
BJU Int 93:135-8. 2004
OBJECTIVE: To assess sensation in the clitoris and vagina in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who have previously had genital surgery, and to evaluate sexual function in this group as the latter, and particularly the ..
- Intersex surgery in the adult
C R J Woodhouse
The Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London, and The Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
BJU Int 93:57-65. 2004
- Genital sensation and sexual function in women bicyclists and runners: are your feet safer than your seat?
Marsha K Guess
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
J Sex Med 3:1018-27. 2006
..Bicycling is associated with neurological impairment and impotence in men. Similar deficits have not been confirmed in women...
- Novel selective inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder. Synthesis and activity of functionalized glutaramides
David C Pryde
Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK
J Med Chem 49:4409-24. 2006
..This led ultimately to the prototype development candidate R-13, for which detailed pharmacology and pharmacokinetic parameters are presented.(1)..
- [Current plastic surgery in abnormalities of female genitalia]
Lieselotte Frost-Arner
Plastikkirurgiska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, Malm
Lakartidningen 101:2894-8, 2900. 2004
- Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses in the rat: a dual virus and anterograde tracing study
L Marson
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291:R419-28. 2006
The spinal and peripheral innervation of the clitoris and vagina are fairly well understood. However, little is known regarding supraspinal control of these pelvic structures...
- Clitoral anatomy in nulliparous, healthy, premenopausal volunteers using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Helen E O'Connell
Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
J Urol 173:2060-3. 2005
..We determined the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of normal clitoral anatomy...
- Case of hermaphrodism, involving the operation of castration and illustrating a new principle of juridical medicine
S D Gross
Medical Department of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Yale J Biol Med 76:129-32. 2003
- Feminising genitoplasty: one-stage genital reconstruction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 30 years' experience
M F Roll
Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Eur J Pediatr Surg 16:329-33. 2006
..the importance of short and long-term follow-up results with respect to appearance, position and size of the clitoris and quality of the vagina...
- Self-assessment of genital anatomy, sexual sensitivity and function in women: implications for genitoplasty
Justine M Schober
Paediatric Urology, Hamot Medical Center, Erie, PA, USA
BJU Int 94:589-94. 2004
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- Neuropeptide receptor transcripts are expressed in the rat clitoris and oscillate during the estrus cycle in the rat vagina
David Dangoor
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Einstein Street, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Peptides 26:2579-84. 2005
..receptor mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the rat vagina and clitoris, and alteration during the shift from the proestrus to the estrus phase...
- Feminizing surgical management of intersex patients
E Eroglu
Section of Pediatric Surgery, VKF American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Pediatr Surg Int 20:543-7. 2004
..Eight of the postpubertal patients asked questions about their reproductive status. Patients with an intersex disorder should be informed about their problems, especially about their reproductivity...
- Labioscrotal island flap in feminizing genitoplasty
Marcio Lopes Miranda
Division of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Endocrinology, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
J Pediatr Surg 39:1030-3. 2004
..With the aim of enlarging the vaginal introitus, the authors present a technical modification of the introitoplasty that uses a bilateral cutaneous island flap based on the perineal superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery...
- Feminizing genital reconstruction: experience with 52 cases of ambiguous genitalia
A Al-Bassam
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Eur J Pediatr Surg 14:172-8. 2004
..In this report, we describe our experience with a total of fifty-two cases of ambiguous genitalia. We understand that this comes in the midst of growing criticism of the Hendren's procedure...
- New techniques in female pudendal somatosensory evoked potential testing
C C Yang
Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6510, USA
Somatosens Mot Res 21:9-14. 2004
OBJECTIVE: The primary nerves innervating the female genitalia are the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) and the perineal nerve, which innervate the clitoris and the external genitalia/distal vagina, respectively...
- Sexual function in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Catherine L Minto
The Middlesex Clinic, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
Fertil Steril 80:157-64. 2003
..Clinical services for the management of intersex conditions need to be multidisciplinary and aim to optimize the patient's physical and psychological health...
- Arousal disorders in women: complaints and complexities
Sandra R Leiblum
UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Med J Aust 178:638-40. 2003
..There may be a place for drugs that increase vasocongestion and vasodilation. Psychological therapy addresses inhibitions, and interpersonal and motivational factors...
- Magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the female genitalia in premenopausal and postmenopausal women
Donald D Suh
Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, 1959 NW Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6510, USA
J Urol 170:138-44. 2003
..Select structural dimensions were measured for reference. RESULTS: The clitoris and vestibular bulbs were well delineated on T1-weighted post-contrast images...
- Type 5 phosphodiesterase expression in the human vagina
Cira R T di Gioia
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Urology 60:191-5. 2002
..Considering the role of the vagina in the female sexual response and the anatomic connection between the clitoris and the anterosuperior vaginal wall, our aim was to study the distribution of type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in ..
- Clitoral variability compared with penile variability supports nonadaptation of female orgasm
Kim Wallen
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Evol Dev 10:1-2. 2008
- Clitoral and penile size variability are not significantly different: lack of evidence for the byproduct theory of the female orgasm
Vincent J Lynch
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Evol Dev 10:396-7. 2008
- Neurophysiology and pharmacology of female genital sexual response
Francois Giuliano
Groupe de Recherche en Urologie, Faculte de Medecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
J Sex Marital Ther 28:101-21. 2002
..Autonomic preganglionic parasympathetic and inhibitory sympathetic fibers to the vagina and clitoris originate in the spinal cord in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus at the sacral level and in the dorsal gray ..
- Inappropriate comparisons and the weakness of cryptic choice: a reply to Vincent J. Lynch and D. J. Hosken
Kim Wallen
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Evol Dev 10:398-9. 2008
- 3-dimensional neuroanatomy of the human fetal pelvis: anatomical support for partial urogenital mobilization in the treatment of urogenital sinus
Nicolas Kalfa
Center for Study and Treatment of Hypospadias, Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco Children s Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
J Urol 180:1709-14; discussion 1714-5. 2008
..A precise understanding of pelvic fetal neuroanatomy is germane for optimizing surgical correction of the urogenital sinus...
- Severity of virilization of external genitalia in Japanese patients with salt-wasting 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Yukari Sugiyama
Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya, Japan
Tohoku J Exp Med 215:341-8. 2008
..The degree of the impairment of 21-hydroxylase activity does not correlate with the severity of virilization of the external genitalia in female patients with the SW type of 21OHD...
- Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of cloacal anomalies and congenital adrenal hyperplasia
A F Hamza
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
J Pediatr Surg 36:1656-8. 2001
..The improved cosmetic appearance and the absence of vaginal stenosis provided by this technique is a major advantage in the management of these difficult surgical situations...
- A new non-pharmacological vacuum therapy for female sexual dysfunction
K L Billups
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
J Sex Marital Ther 27:435-41. 2001
..EROS-CTD is a small, battery-powered device designed to enhance clitoral engorgement, increase blood flow to the clitoris, and ultimately improve arousal in women with FSD...
- Experimental models for the investigation of female sexual function and dysfunction
K Min
Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
Int J Impot Res 13:151-6. 2001
..An in vivo animal model was developed to record physiological and hemodynamic changes in the clitoris and vagina following pelvic nerve stimulation and administration of vasoactive agents and physiological ..
- Female sexual dysfunction
J R Berman
Center for Female Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Urol Clin North Am 28:405-16. 2001
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- Total urogenital sinus mobilization: a modified perineal approach for feminizing genitoplasty and urogenital sinus repair
R Jenak
University of Miami, Miami, Florida, and Landeskrankenanstalten, Salzburg, Austria
J Urol 165:2347-9. 2001
..long can be accomplished with total urogenital sinus mobilization through the perineal approach. The technique can be combined with reduction clitoroplasty for the surgical management of girls with masculinized external genitalia...
- True hermaphroditism: clinical features, genetic variants and gonadal histology
N Yordam
Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 14:421-7. 2001
..Five patients were assigned to the female sex, and three to the male sex. One of these patients was changed from male to female after evaluation...
- The impact of aging on sexual function in women and their partners
Sheryl A Kingsberg
Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Arch Sex Behav 31:431-7. 2002
..It is also essential to understand how the physiological changes in female as well as male sexual functioning impact desire. Further, other health-related changes that occur with aging must be recognized and addressed...
- Type of mutation and surgical procedure affect long-term quality of life for women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Agneta Nordenskjold
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:380-6. 2008
..OBJECTIVE/PATIENTS: A follow-up study on 62 CAH women aged 18-63 yr and 62 age-matched controls to correlate findings of both operative method and mutation was performed...
- Ultrastructural effect of sildenafil citrate on corpus cavernosum and other genital organs in female rats
K Kilinc
Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, 45010 Manisa, Turkey
Asian J Androl 5:37-41. 2003
..To determine the ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on the female genital organs...
- Vardenafil enhances clitoral and vaginal blood flow responses to pelvic nerve stimulation in female dogs
J Angulo
, Madrid, Spain
Int J Impot Res 15:137-41. 2003
The relaxation of the smooth muscle in the vagina and clitoris and the increase of blood flow into these organs is thought to be essential in the female sexual response...
- Feminizing genitoplasty
Terry W Hensle
Columbia University, College of Physicians and Physicians, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Babies and Children 's Hospital of New York, New York, NY, USA
Adv Exp Med Biol 511:251-65; discussion 265-6. 2002
- The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY41-2272 relax rabbit vaginal wall and clitoral corpus cavernosum
Selim Cellek
Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, Cruciform Building, London WC1E 6BT
Br J Pharmacol 138:287-90. 2003
..Y-27632 had no effect on nitrergic relaxations in either tissue. These results demonstrate that Y-27632 and BAY41-2272 elicit relaxation of the rabbit vaginal wall and clitoral corpus cavernosum...
- Female genitalia: dynamic MR imaging with use of MS-325 initial experiences evaluating female sexual response
Anastasia V Deliganis
Departments of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7115, USA
Radiology 225:791-9. 2002
..MR image analysis at each interval consisted of vaginal wall, vaginal mucosa, and clitoris assessments; femoral vein signal intensity measurements; relative regional blood volume (rRBV) calculations; and ..
- Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen and androgen treatment on sildenafil-mediated changes in female genital blood flow and vaginal lubrication in the animal model
Kweonsik Min
Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:1370-6. 2002
..CONCLUSION: This study suggests that estradiol but not testosterone modulates genital hemodynamics and that sildenafil enhances genital blood flow irrespective of hormonal status...
- Do women gain anything from coitus apart from pregnancy? Changes in the human female genital tract activated by coitus
R J Levin
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
J Sex Marital Ther 29:59-69. 2003
..I conclude that apart from the normal erotic pleasure, women gain and maintain vaginal and pelvic functionality from these and, subsequently, from coitus...
- Urogenital system of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta Erxleben): a functional histological study
Gerald R Cunha
Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
J Morphol 256:205-18. 2003
..adaptations of "structure" that enable/facilitate urination, mating, and parturition through the clitoris. Unusual features of penile anatomy required for meeting ceremonies and successful mating through a clitoral ..
- Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and fertility: lessons from testicular cell-specific androgen receptor knockout mice
Ruey Sheng Wang
Department of Pathology and Urology, George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Endocr Rev 30:119-32. 2009
..total AR knockout mice exhibited female-typical external appearance (including a vagina with a blind end and a clitoris-like phallus), the testis was located abdominally, and germ cell development was severely disrupted, which was ..
- A posterior-based omega-shaped flap vaginoplasty in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency
L G Freitas Filho
Paediatric Urology, Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, Rua Batista Cepelos 87 Ap 61, 04109 120 São Paulo, Brazil
BJU Int 91:263-7. 2003
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- A novel missense mutation of 5-alpha reductase type 2 gene (SRD5A2) leads to severe male pseudohermaphroditism in a Turkish family
Mithat Bahceci
Department of Endocrinology, University of Dicle, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
Urology 66:407-10. 2005
..To analyze the steroid 5-alpha reductase type 2 gene (SRD5A2) in 2 siblings with severe male pseudohermaphroditism suspected to have 5-alpha reductase deficiency in a Turkish family...
- Therapeutic value of trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of isolated genital warts on the external female genitalia
Zeki M Taner
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
J Reprod Med 52:521-5. 2007
..To evaluate the value of 85% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated genital warts of the external genitalia and to detect the recurrence rate and side effects of this therapeutic regimen...
- Sexual differentiation in three unconventional mammals: spotted hyenas, elephants and tammar wallabies
Stephen E Glickman
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Horm Behav 48:403-17. 2005
..to pregnant female spotted hyenas does not prevent the formation of a scrotum, pseudoscrotum, penis or penile clitoris in the offspring of treated females, although it is not yet clear whether the creation of masculine genitalia ..
- Relaxin concentrations in serum and urine of endangered and crazy mixed-up species
B Steinetz
Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1160:179-85. 2009
..be extinct were it not for the timely secretion of relaxin to enable copulation and birth of young through the clitoris. Additional studies have suggested relaxin may be a useful marker of pregnancy in the northern fur seal and the ..
- [Effect of acupuncture of different acupoints on electrical activities of hypothalamic sexual arousal stimulation-related neurons at different stages of oestrous cycle in rats]
Shao Jun Wang
Institute of Acu moxibustion, Chana Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 32:313-8. 2007
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- Two cases with interstitial deletions of chromosome 2 and sex reversal in one
A Slavotinek
University Department of Medical Genetics, St Mary s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
Am J Med Genet 86:75-81. 1999
..Despite her male karyotype, she had female external genitalia with hypoplasia of the clitoris and labia minora...
- Lifetime changes in the vulva and vagina
Miranda Farage
The Procter and Gamble Company, Feminine Care Clinical Sciences, Winton Hill Technical Center, 6110 Center Hill Rd, Box 136, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
Arch Gynecol Obstet 273:195-202. 2006
..The cutaneous epithelia of the mons pubis, labia, and clitoris originate from the embryonic ectoderm and exhibit a keratinized, stratified structure similar to the skin at ..
- Female gonad of moles, genus Talpa (Insectivora, mammalia): ovary or ovotestis?
F Beolchini
Department of Animal Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
J Exp Zool 286:745-54. 2000
..apparatus there are masculine glandular annexes, such as a bilobate prostate, two Cowper glands, and a penis-like clitoris. All these features have recently led to the hypothesis of the presence of hermaphroditism due to sex-reversal in ..
- Restless genital syndrome before and after clitoridectomy for spontaneous orgasms: a case report
Marcel D Waldinger
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosexology, HagaHospital Leyenburg, 2545 CH The Hague, The Netherlands
J Sex Med 7:1029-34. 2010
..Females despairing of restless genital syndrome (ReGS) may request clitoridectomy for treatment of unwanted genital sensations. Aim. The aim of this study was to report persistence of ReGS despite clitoridectomy...
- [Sexuality of pregnant women]
Andrzej Malarewicz
Zakład Perinatologii Instytutu Kształcenia Medycznego Akademii Swietokrzyskiej w Kielcach
Ginekol Pol 77:733-9. 2006
..Pregnant women prefer the following types of sexual activity: non-genital fondling, stimulation of the clitoris, vagina and breasts, oral and anal stimulation and masturbation...
- Transient genital abnormalities in striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena)
Aaron P Wagner
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Horm Behav 51:626-32. 2007
..mammals: Crocuta have no external vagina so urination, penile intromission and parturition take place through the clitoris, which mimics a fully erectile male penis...
- A syndrome of female pseudohermaphrodism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and multicystic ovaries associated with missense mutations in the gene encoding aromatase (P450arom)
F A Conte
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0106
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:1287-92. 1994
..By 14 yr of age, she had failed to exhibit breast development. The clitoris had enlarged to 4 x 2 cm, and pubic hair was Tanner stage IV...
- Hypogonadism and pubertal development in Prader-Willi syndrome
A Crino
Unit of Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases, Pediatric Endocrinology Dept, Bambino Gesu Children s Hospital, Scientific Institute, Piazza S Onofrio, 4 00165, Rome, Italy
Eur J Pediatr 162:327-33. 2003
..scrotal development, length of penis and volume of testis in males and outlook of labia minora and/or clitoris, age of menarche and features of menses (when present) in females; in both sexes we also evaluated the onset of ..
- Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as a vulvar mass in a patient with crohn disease: a case report and literature review
Monika Winnicki
Department of Dermatology, CHUM Saint Luc Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
J Low Genit Tract Dis 13:110-4. 2009
..A case of Hodgkin lymphoma of the vulva and perineum is presented along with a review of the literature...
- Granulocytic sarcoma of the ovotestis: an association of myelodysplastic syndrome and hermaphroditism
Zahit Bolaman
Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09100, Turkey
Leuk Lymphoma 45:1285-7. 2004
..Breast development was grade II. There was no clitoris hypertrophy. Her labia majora were separate and vagina hypoplastic. Hemoglobin level was 9...
- A case of freemartin with atresia recti and ani in Japanese Black calf
Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem
Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 1 5 1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739 8529, Japan
Anim Reprod Sci 85:193-9. 2005
..A small opening to the vulva (about 1.5 cm in length) with fused lips and a prominent clitoris were seen. The hair around the vulva was 3.5 cm in length and was heavy and dense...
- [Abnormalities of external and internal genitalia]
Sabine Anthuber
Klinik und Poliklinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 43:136-45. 2003
..of a child's hymenal membrane, fusion of the labia minora, hymenal polyps and hypertrophy of the preputium of the clitoris are the entities most likely to be mistaken for real developmental malformations...
- The neurophysiology of the sexual cycle
A Argiolas
Bernard B Brodie Department of Neuroscience, Cittadella Universitaria, University of Cagliari, Sestu Monserrato, Italy
J Endocrinol Invest 26:20-2. 2003
..and ejaculation (orgasm), whereas female sexual activity is characterized by vaginal lubrication, erection of the clitoris and orgasm. These responses are under the control of numerous central and peripheral neural systems...
- [Clinical analysis of 6 cases with atypical vulvovaginal malformations]
Shu Wang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 44:263-7. 2009
..To investigate clinical features and management of complicated or rare vulvovaginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation...
- Cellular angiofibroma of the vulva: a clinicopathological study of two cases with documentation of some unusual features and review of the literature
Jean Louis Dargent
Department of Pathology, CHU Saint Pierre Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
J Cutan Pathol 30:405-11. 2003
..Cellular angiofibroma (CA) of the vulva is a recently described condition, whose clinical and pathological features are poorly known...
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in female sexual dysfunction
Margit Mayer
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
World J Urol 23:393-7. 2005
..The expression of various PDE isoforms in the human clitoris, vagina and labia minora was shown by means of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analyses and it was concluded from ..
- Convergence of nociceptive information in the forebrain of female rats: reproductive organ response variations with stage of estrus
Harpreet K Chadha
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Exp Neurol 210:375-87. 2008
..e., dorsal nerve of clitoris)...
- Characteristics of external genitalia in pre- and postmenopausal women
M Basaran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
Climacteric 11:416-21. 2008
..To determine those objective measurements that characterize the differences between the external genital organs of pre- and postmenopausal women...
- Review of studies of androgen treatment of female-to-male transsexuals: effects and risks of administration of androgens to females
Louis J G Gooren
Department of Endocrinology, Andrology Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J Sex Med 5:765-76. 2008
..Naturally, androgens may have virilizing effects in women. It is often believed that androgens have deleterious effects on cardiovascular risks...
- Boy born after gender preselection following successive gestational androgen excess of maternal luteoma and female disorders of sex development
Chi Huang Chen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
Fertil Steril 91:2732.e5-7. 2009
..To present male gender preselection after successive gestational hyperandrogenism and female pseudohermaphroditism by pregnancy luteomas...
- Embryogenesis of bladder exstrophy: A new hypothesis
Bharati Kulkarni
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai 400 022, India
J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 13:57-60. 2008
..To postulate a hypothesis to explain the embryogenesis of exstrophy bladder based on our clinical observations...
- Efficacy and safety of alprostadil cream for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in chinese population
Qinping Liao
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
J Sex Med 5:1923-31. 2008
..To date, no approved medication is available for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD)...
- When cultures collide: female genital cutting and u.s. Obstetric practice
Leah B Rosenberg
From the 1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 2University of Utah Hospitals and Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah and 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
Obstet Gynecol 113:931-4. 2009
..Physical examination revealed the results of Type III female circumcision, or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora, and infibulation, or sewing together, of the labia majora...
- Vibratory perception and female stress urinary incontinence
Lun Hsiang Yuan
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
J Urol 182:607-11. 2009
..We investigated the value of measuring the vibratory perception threshold with a biothesiometer to clinically evaluate women with stress urinary incontinence...
- Multiphasic and tissue-specific roles of sonic hedgehog in cloacal septation and external genitalia development
Ashley W Seifert
Department of Biology, University of Florida, Cancer Genetics Research Complex, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32610 3610, USA
Development 136:3949-57. 2009
..The urogenital and anorectal sinuses develop from the embryonic cloaca, and the penis and clitoris develop from the genital tubercle...
