cervix uteri

..The extreme rarity of HPV-negative cancers reinforces the rationale for HPV testing in addition to, or even instead of, cervical cytology in routine cervical screening...

..The HPV types most commonly detected are similar to those most commonly described in pre-neoplastic and cancer cases, although the relative contribution of HPV16 and HPV18 is substantially lower in cytologically normal women...

..Epidemiologic data suggest that infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is associated with increased genital shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and HIV-1 transmissibility...

..To determine whether healthy, young women in sub-Saharan Africa have a more activated immune milieu in the genital tract (i.e. activated CD4 T cells) than a similar population in the United States...

..In addition, we further show that inflammatory cytokines are associated with increased levels of HIV-specific CD8 effector cells at the genital mucosa but that these were not able to control genital HIV shedding...

..This combination of assays is more accurate than either method alone, and the novel algorithm offers a highly accurate and effective method for the analysis of HPV infections...

..However, the increased RANTES levels in a higher-risk subset of high-risk women were reduced after BV treatment...

..Little is known about the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young adults in Asia...

..It should prove suitable for a wide range of assays, including those involving sexually transmitted diseases, microbicides, vaginal physiology, immunology, and pathophysiology...

..5%) is sufficiently bioavailable and retains substantial antiviral activity after intravaginal application. This strategy provides a mechanism for testing the efficacy of a microbicide before embarking on large-scale clinical trials...

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..trachomatis infection. Basal deficiency in CD1d-mediated immune responsiveness may result in susceptibility to sexually transmitted agents. Decreased CD1d-mediated signaling may help C. trachomatis evade detection by innate immune cells...

..We aimed to compare HPV-type distribution in representative samples of women from different world regions...

..The mucosal lymphocyte population is the largest in the body, and the gastrointestinal compartment has been well characterized in HIV infection. Much less is known about the effects of HIV on the genital tract...

..Thus, the preferential transmission of macrophage tropic strains of HIV-1 following sexual contact cannot be explained solely on the expression of chemokine co-receptors by T lymphocyte subsets...

..It is not clear, however, to what extent the E6/E7 transcripts are being expressed. This may be of prognostic importance. In this study, we have determined the prevalence of HPV DNA and mRNA in 283 women younger than 30 years of age...

..We conclude that cervical Gag-specific T-cell responses in expanded lines are most easily detectable in women who have corresponding high-magnitude Gag-specific T-cell responses in blood...

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..Additional studies mapping the distribution of HPV types worldwide are necessary to prepare for vaccination programmes and direct future vaccine development...

..However, both antiviral activities of acyclovir are dependent on phosphorylation by the nucleoside kinase activity of coinfecting human herpesviruses...

..Thus, high-level expression of the HPV-16 E6 protein in differentiating keratinocytes directly alters expression of genes that influence host resistance to infection and immune function...

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..euro 7,599). Offering self-sampling for hrHPV testing in nonresponders is an attractive adjunct to effectively increase population coverage of screening without the adverse effect of markedly increased costs per detected CIN2+ lesion...

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..We propose that DC-SIGN efficiently captures HIV-1 in the periphery and facilitates its transport to secondary lymphoid organs rich in T cells, to enhance infection in trans of these target cells...

..5 95% CI 1.0-11.8). We conclude that the use of nonoxynol-9 did not prevent genital HPV infection and could increase the virus' ability to infect or persist...

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..The frequency of functional virus-specific CD3+/CD8+ T cells is similar in the genital tract and blood of HIV-1-infected women. The role of genital tract CD8 cell responses in HIV-1 control warrants further investigation...

..This new primer system will be useful in assessing the natural history of HPV infections, particularly when the analysis requires HPV typing...

..Possible explanations for the observed antagonism include misclassification, selection bias or a true biological phenomenon with HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis exposures antagonizing the carcinogenic effects of HPV16...

..To predict the risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks) or early preterm birth (<34 weeks) by cervicovaginal HCG and cervical length measured between 24-28 weeks of gestation in asymptomatic women at high risk for preterm birth...

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..To estimate the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on transvaginal ultrasound cervical length and gestational age at which cervical length was measured...

..8%). In the HSIL group the most common HPV types were 16, 52, 51 and 31; type 18 was rarely present. CONCLUSION: The role of types 31, 51 and 52 should be considered in future studies on vaccine development...

..39; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-4.76). The median time to clearance of infection was significantly longer for oncogenic strains (9.8 months) than for nononcogenic strains (4.3 months)...

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..Transurethral biopsy of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of endocervicosis. Complete transurethral resection was rejected due to the absence of symptoms and the benign condition of the lesion...

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..We examined the accuracy of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test among women with and women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection...

..To construct charts for cervical length in a low risk population measured by transvaginal ultrasonography...

..professional and self-collected) and liquid-based cytology with conventional cytology in the detection of cervix uteri cancer and its precursor lesions...

..Cytology appears to be sufficient for cervical surveillance, with HPV testing being less specific with poor positive predictive value. There appears to be no additional benefit from routine colposcopy...

..Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as a cause of cervical cancer, but the association between a positive test for HPV DNA and the risk of the subsequent development of invasive cervical cancer is unknown...

..Mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract are the main routes of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the contribution of each of the reproductive sites to mucosal transmission is unknown...

..To determine whether cervical length, as measured by transvaginal sonogram in asymptomatic gravidas at 16-22 weeks, is associated with risk of spontaneous preterm delivery...

..We hypothesized that a long cervix in mid-pregnancy would be associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery during labor at term...

..Securing an intracellular niche through the inhibition of apoptosis may be an important mechanism utilized by N. gonorrhoeae for microbial survival and immune evasion in cervical epithelial cells...

..To proof the prognostic relevance of HPV L1 capsid protein detection on colposcopically-guided punch biopsies in combination with p16...

..These findings provide important insight into the nanoscale structural and barrier properties of mucus, and how the penetration of foreign particles across mucus might be inhibited...

..The endocervix is a major target of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but little is known about the immune repertoire in this tissue, or its response to these common bacteria...

..Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection is important in the HIV epidemic and may contribute to increased HIV transmission. We evaluated the effect of suppressive acyclovir therapy on cervicovaginal HIV-1 shedding...

..To determine whether short cervical length or internal os funneling before 20 weeks' gestation predicts early preterm birth or pregnancy loss in women with at least one prior spontaneous early preterm birth...

..Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases may be an important means of decreasing the infectivity of HIV-1 seropositive women by reducing exposure to HIV-1 in genital secretions...

..Expanding from the current foundations, we believe that human organ cultures will become increasingly prominent in experimental studies of HIV-1 transmission and continuing efforts to prevent HIV-1 infection at human mucosal surfaces...

..There was a strong prevalence of HPV16 and a high incidence of HPV types 31 and 33. These data foster the discussion about the need to evaluate viral prevalence in each geographic region in order to develop targeted vaccine programs...

..To assess the psychological burden of testing positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) on Chinese women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)...

..2 (0.5-2.9)). CONCLUSION: Advanced disease stage and immunosuppression are the major risk determinants for shedding of both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Basic vaginal pH is also a risk determinant for HIV-1 shedding...

..Clinical assessment of cervical ectopia may be used when computer planimetry is not available...

..Furthermore, diffuse distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors, lack of human gastric mucin and low proliferative activity were distinct features for endocervicosis compared to well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma...

..Irrespective of the expansion method used, the T cell memory profile was altered following expansion...

..The DNA hybridization assay is the best choice in primary screening, if available. Screening should begin at the age of 20 years...

..Colposcopy could therefore be avoided in this group. This study also assessed whether age or human papillomavirus (HPV) status affected this outcome and the impact of non-attenders on the reliability of surveillance...

..007). CONCLUSION: Higher HPV-16 DNA loads are associated with cervical lesions detected by either histology or cytology. No additional information is gained by measuring integrated or episomal over total HPV-16 DNA loads...

..Whereas our data support the diagnostic potential for p16INK4a, further prospective studies with detailed follow-up determining the prognostic capacity of this marker are needed...

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..With equal sensitivity and higher specificity than consensus PCR, the PreTect HPV-Proofer might offer an improvement for the triage of women with ASCUS or LSIL Pap smear...

..0-2.0). The lack of a protective immune effect from natural infection is most likely due to the low level of antibody elicited by natural HPV infection and/or the potential for reactivation of HPV, especially in HIV-positive women...

..The DNA extracted from the denatured specimen was recovered in 57/60 (95%) of the samples. HPV DNA was detected in 56/57 (98%) of the recovered samples. Twenty-six of the 56 samples recovered (48%) were genotyped successfully...

..When SurePath is used for collection, Inform HPV lacks sufficient sensitivity to detect HSIL reliably...

..CONCLUSION: There is a small but significant (14%) false negative rate with HPV testing by the Ventana ISH method. Clinically suspicious cases should be followed even if an HPV test is negative...

..This investigation examined human papillomavirus (HPV) in pregnant women in order to characterize viral prevalence, types and concordance between infection in the cervix and in the oral cavity...

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..Biophysics is becoming an important factor in prevention of cervical cancer. One of the most promising concepts of biophysical program for the prevention of cervical cancer is the optoelectronic method--Truscreen...

..To determine the (HR-HPV) high risk HPV viral load in squamous intra-epithelial lesions and association with p16INK4a expression...

..The NPV was 97.4% for the AMPLICOR assay and might be compromised if HPV types 26, 53, and 66 were considered oncogenic. The accuracy of these two assays is good and is compatible with routine clinical use in the triage of ASCUS cases...

..7% of cases, while 21% of cases were negative. In conclusion, AMP provides a viable alternative to HC2, with good agreement for samples with high-grade cytology and similar sensitivity in detecting CIN2+ lesions...

..Moreover, this is the first report of HPVs lacking an E6 ORF and phylogenetic evidence suggests this occurred subsequent to their emergence from the gamma-/pi-PVs...

..A majority of women had normal cervical readings although 15.8% were HPV-positive. Half of the patients with a reading of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (n=16) were HPV-positive...

..In conclusion, the study shows that the AMPLICOR assay is more sensitive than HC2, which makes it a valid alternative for routine clinical use...

..Previous studies have failed to present data on or detect a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes and/or have not carefully sampled the vagina, instead relying on self-collection that is likely contaminated with cervical cells...

..However, protracted attendance for cytological follow-up decreases with time and might put some women at risk of developing invasive disease. The aim of this review was to assess management options for women with minor cervical disease...

..99 and > or = 10 was 1.6% and 10.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: High-risk HPV DNA test were helpful to improve the detection rates of CIN 2, 3 or cervical cancer in patients with ASC-US...

To evaluate the prevalence of high-risk type human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in preneoplastic lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix uteri in southern Thai women.

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..To assess the contribution of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Hybrid Capture II (HCII) as adjunct methods to the Pap test in detecting cervical neoplasia...

..5%) for the detection of HSIL by biopsy, although the specificity and positive predictive value were low, 51.5% and 52.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients with cytological HSIL have a high prevalence of HPV infection...

..It provides useful information on viral genotype and is more suitable for clinical use. The 6 most common genotypes in abnormal cytological group are 16, 18, 52, 58, 33, 31...

..The wide variation of HPV loads among different HPV types and among squamous intraepithelial lesions and CC makes the viral load test unrealistic in differentiating different severities of cervical neoplasia...

..6%) with high NPV (98.9%) in detecting CIN3+ lesions. HPV16 genotyping alone significantly improves SP and PPV of this test in management of women with abnormal cytology...

..During the last decade, increasing efforts have focused on HPV detection in self-obtained samples, to increase the overall proportion of patients participating in cervical cancer screening procedures...

..In conclusion, this study shows that the HC2 assay and the AMPLICOR HPV test give comparable results, with both being suitable for routine use. The differences noted in some cases may suggest a different optimal clinical use...

..If p16(INK4a) had been used for triage of the ASC samples, then 18 patients (42%) could have been spared unnecessary follow-up procedures compared to six patients (21%) with the HR-HPV DNA test...

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..Utilization of vaginal testing for routine HPV detection, and for the long-term follow-up of persistent HPV infection, is therefore recommended...

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..Use of our novel transgenic model provides an innovative approach for addressing these questions. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Duet" covers the cervix for maximum protection of this susceptible site for infections, and delivers microbicide gel to protect both the cervix and vagina. The reusable Duet will be low in cost and useful for low-resource areas. ..

..The results of this work may lead to targeting the HRHV axis as a unique tumor specific method to treat virtually all forms of solid cancers. ..

..The results of this work may lead to targeting the HRHV axis as a unique tumor specific method to treat virtually all forms of solid cancers. ..

..Treatment with RU 486 alone and in combination with exogenous relaxin will be done at term with relaxin-deficient rats. ..

..Outcome of the first >/= 20 week pregnancy following diagnosis will be compared for 535 treated women and 535 women not requiring treatment, using multiple logistic and linear regression models to control for confounding. ..

..Finally, knowledge of estrogen responsive sensory neurons has important implications for understanding neuropathic pain syndromes influenced by estrogen levels. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..of this project is to improve the biologic understanding of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cancer of the cervix uteri (in the following referred to as adenocarcinoma) through investigation of its viral etiology, and genes ..

..The incremental net cost associated with an incremental improvement in outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) will be measured. ..

..The incremental net cost associated with an incremental improvement in outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) will be measured. ..