sebaceous glands

..sebocyte development, Hedgehog pathway activation led to a striking increase both in size and number of sebaceous glands. Remarkably, ectopic Hedgehog signaling also triggered the formation of sebaceous glands from footpad ..

..and are carried to the surface as cells differentiate, whereas others are secreted onto the surface from the sebaceous glands. One such group, free sphingoid bases, are known to have broad antimicrobial activity, and our previous ..

..Understanding how these stem cells maintain normal homeostasis and wound repair in the skin is particularly important, as these mechanisms, when defective, lead to skin tissue diseases including cancers...

..It is known that the drug induces apoptosis in cells cultured from human sebaceous glands, but its mechanism of action has not been determined...

b>Sebaceous glands are intriguing glands that are found throughout the human body except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet...

..Adult Lgr6+ cells executed long-term wound repair, including the formation of new hair follicles. We conclude that Lgr6 marks the most primitive epidermal stem cell...

..Here we report the effects of DGAT1 deficiency on fur and sebaceous glands. Adult Dgat(-/-) mice had dry fur and hair loss, which were associated with atrophic sebaceous glands and fur ..

..to commit to a particular differentiation programme and generate a stratified epidermis, hair follicles or sebaceous glands. Exciting recent developments have focused on how adult skin epithelia maintain populations of stem cells for ..

..Taken together these data indicate that 13-cis RA causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in SEB-1 sebocytes by a RAR-independent mechanism, which contributes to its sebosuppressive effect and the resolution of acne...

..These multiple homeostatic functions award the sebaceous gland the role 'brain of the skin' and the most important cutaneous endocrine gland...

..The patient's blood and serum findings were unremarkable. Our final diagnosis was multiple tiny ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a long pulse diode laser (Cynosure, Inc.) to target and destroy enlarged sebaceous glands that are preloaded with Indocyanine green (ICG) chromophore.

Mammalian epidermis consists of the interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles (HFs) and associated sebaceous glands (SGs)...

..expressed Gli2, a Hedgehog (Hh) signal effector, to show that K6a expression correlates with duct fate in sebaceous glands (SGs)...

..and C/EBPbeta are bZIP transcription factors that are highly expressed in the interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands of skin and yet germ line deletion of either family member alone has only mild or no effect on keratinocyte ..

..Lipid metabolism in sebaceous glands and preputial glands of rodents is regulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, the major agonist for ..

..signalling pathways, of interleukins 6 and 8 and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in sebaceous glands of acne-involved facial skin was compared with those of non-involved skin of acne patients and of healthy ..

..The sebaceous glands and the arrector pili muscle, as part of the pilosebaceous unit, should be viewed as important parts of this ..

..Our findings reveal an essential role for Shh during hair follicle morphogenesis, where it is required for normal advancement beyond the hair germ stage of development...

..These cells are non-quiescent and possess a unique transcript profile compared with bulge stem cells and may represent a distinct reservoir of epidermal stem or progenitor cells...

..we show that short-term, low-level beta-catenin activation stimulates de novo hair follicle formation from sebaceous glands and interfollicular epidermis, while only sustained, high-level activation induces new follicles from ..

..Our studies provide evidence for a bipotential epidermal stem cell population in an in vitro model of human epidermal lineage selection and highlight the importance of Myc as a regulator of sebocyte differentiation...

..acnes directly influences lipogenesis in sebaceous glands. In this study, we showed that a culture medium of P. acnes (acnes-CM) and formalin-killed P...

..In colder conditions sebum changes its nature and repels rain from skin and hair...

..of very long chain fatty acids, revealed a distinct expression in the skin that was restricted to the sebaceous glands and the epithelial cells of the hair follicles...

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..Coexpression of the Smurf2 and Smad7 transgenes exacerbated Smad7-induced abnormalities in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Conversely, when endogenous Smad7 was knocked down, keratinocytes exhibited increased beta-catenin protein ..

..upon the expression of each of the androgen- and estrogen-synthesizing enzymes in each cell type, with sebaceous glands and sweat glands being the major contributors...

..We show morphological alterations of sebaceous glands elicited by SP and differences in expression of various neurogenic factors in association with sebaceous ..

..OBJECTIVES: To understand further the mechanisms of sex steroid action in mouse sebaceous glands. METHODS: We have used immunocytochemistry to examine the expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) ..

Growth of sebaceous glands in the ears and flank organs of castrated male hamsters is dependent on androgen substitution...

..in the activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5alpha-reductase (responsible for the production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, respectively) in sebaceous glands obtained from men and women with and without acne.

..Marked hyperplasia resulted from expansion of the sebocyte-producing zone in sebaceous glands, with particularly high expression of the transgene and the replication marker PCNA, and correspondingly high ..

..This work identifies Delta-6 desaturase/FADS2 as the major fatty acid desaturase in human sebaceous glands and suggests that the environment of the sebaceous gland permits catalysis of the sebaceous-type reaction and ..

..cells that produce daughters that differentiate to form the interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Diffusible factors, cell-cell contact and extracellular matrix proteins are all important components of the ..

The only known function of human sebaceous glands is the provocation of acne...

..Similarly, topical administration of indomethacin to hamster auricles caused the development of sebaceous glands with the augmentation of sebum deposition in vivo...

..In most instances, labeled cells were confined to one or more follicular compartments or solely to sebaceous glands. Labeled keratinocytes in interfollicular epidermis were confined to distinct columnar units representing ..

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..In sebaceous glands and in eccrine sweat glands the secreting epithelium was positive...

..To our knowledge, the presence of Merkel cells in CS, particularly in proliferative form, has not been described previously in the literature...

..We infer a role of Gsdm3 during the catagen to telogen transition at the end of hair follicle morphogenesis and the formation of hair follicle-associated sebaceous glands.

..Taken together, our data result in a complete molecular map of the extraneuronal cholinergic system of the skin that may be translated into distinct functional reaction patterns...

..b>Sebaceous glands also fail to form in gamma-secretase-deficient mice...

..The glass slide is gently removed, taking with it the upper part of the stratum corneum and microcomedones, which are then analyzed by low-power microscopy or digital image analysis.(1-3)..

..Thus we describe a novel role of Fgfr2b and provide the first evidence of a tyrosine kinase receptor playing a tumor suppressive role in the skin...

..BMPs likely promote a hair follicle-type differentiation pathway of keratinocytes while suppressing the sebaceous differentiation pathway of skin epithelium...

..In this study, bioengineering methods were applied to evaluate skin pore widening. The results from bioengineering measurements were compared with clinical visual assessment...

..as within a range of primary and immortalized human cell lines derived from human skin, hair follicle and sebaceous glands. Furthermore, we have shown that synthetic LXR specific agonists GW683965 and TO901317 significantly inhibit ..

..Adnexal tumors with divergent lines of differentiation are uncommon. Herein, I report a hamartoma of the eyelid with follicular, sebaceous and apocrine differentiation that exhibited prominent melanin pigmentation...

..localization of UCP1 was found in the granular layer of the epidermis, sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands of various sites in the human body. UCP3 was widely found in the dermis...

..but no alpha3(IV)alpha4(IV)alpha5(IV); this held true for at the eccrine sweat glands and glandular ducts, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and arrector muscles of hair...

..The cells of sebaceous glands and sweat glands also were PDCD4-positive...

..In this study, we describe fluorescent image analysis methods for the detection of sebum and the color segmentation of sebum to evaluate the condition of sebaceous follicles...

..An attempt has been made in this paper to precisely give the location of molecules that are relevant in basic skin functions and understanding of auto-immune and genetic diseases...

..adult skin, FATP1 and -3 are expressed predominantly by keratinocytes, whereas FATP4 is strongly expressed by sebaceous glands and FATP6 by hair follicle epithelia...

..These data could help provide new strategies for the manipulation of hair related disorders...

..In the dermis, CD1d protein production was strong in the fibroblasts, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels and hair follicles regardless of age...

..These results indicate that density gradient fractionation results in significant loss of specific progenitor cells into the usually discarded pellet fraction...

..The level of nestin mRNA transcription was much higher in the bulge region of the follicle than in the sebaceous gland. These results show that the pattern of nestin expression is related to the differentiation of epidermal stem cells...

..Cytokeratin (CK) 15 and CK19 are considered markers for follicular stem cells located in the hair follicle bulge region...

..01). The meaning of this enhanced expression and their role in the pathogenesis of AA should be further evaluated in future...

..anagen hair follicles, PAD1 and 2, in arrector pili muscles and sweat glands, whereas no PAD were detected in sebaceous glands. PAD1 was detected in the cuticle and the Huxley layer of the inner root sheath (IRS), and in the companion ..

..The dermis contained common skin structures including sebaceous glands, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles and apocrine glands...

..We suggest that c-Myc may be activating follicular stem cells either directly or indirectly and that this has important implications for control of the 'hair cycle clock', hair growth and epidermal maintenance...

..Cannabinoid receptors mediate the psychopharmacological action of marijuana and have been localized in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as on cells of the immune system...

..The mechanism of nonablative lasers in inflammatory acne is variously suggested to be damage either to sebaceous glands or to Propionibacterium acnes. Their effects on cytokine production are unknown.

..GDX triggers a rapid hair growth from telogen to anagen with a thicker hair shaft diameter in females. This data shows that DHT, E2, and DHEA exert specific effects on the different skin layers and appendages...

..Although hair greying is a very common phenomenon characterized by loss of pigment in the hair shaft, the events that cause and control natural hair whitening with age in humans are still unclear...

..After cessation of capsaicin therapy, neuropeptides re-accumulated in skin nerves. In conclusion, VR1 is widely distributed in the skin, suggesting a major role for this receptor, e.g. in nociception and neurogenic inflammation...

..Principal target tissues that may contain protein substrate(s) for this cysteine protease include the developing hair cone, inner root sheath, anchoring apparatus of the telogen club, and organelles of lysosomal origin (eg, melanosomes)...

..CYP2B19 is also present postnatally in the differentiated keratinocytes of the epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles...

..Defolliculated may be a useful model for determining further functions of the sebaceous gland, and for understanding the regulation of catagen and hair follicle immunology...

..Differential HOX gene expression was also observed in developing hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands. None of the HOX genes examined were detected in the adult dermis...

..SP-IR fibers also innervated hair follicles and sebaceous glands. At the ultrastructural level, SP-IR varicosities were observed adjacent to arterioles, capillaries, venules, ..

..the architecture of the collagen fibre bundles, as well as the hair follicles and the skin glands (sebaceous glands, apocrine tubular glands)...

..The increased activity of sebaceous glands elicited by androgen causes proliferation of P...

..The skin may have "a local stress response system," whose activity is mediated by CRH and POMC peptides, in an equivalent to hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis...

..Cultural practices also can have a significant impact. Further studies are needed to help dermatologists optimally treat people with skin of color...

..In conclusion, preserved MC-1R expression in adnexal epithelia suggests a functional role of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in various malformations and neoplasms of the skin...

..The enhancer was used to construct a transgene expression vector that faithfully directed a heterologous cDNA to the normal sites of apolipoprotein E gene expression in epithelial cells of the skin...

..Fibroblasts and endothelial cells were stained in some tissues. These results provide clues to elucidate the known pathological roles of IL-13 in atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, as well as its unknown physiological roles...

..The receptor protein was immunolocalized to the hair follicle as well as the epidermis and sebaceous glands. Furthermore, PRL messenger RNA was detected within skin extracts, suggesting a possible autocrine/paracrine ..

..The ultrastructural aspects that we had in view underline the role of the 4 etiology and pathogenesis factors of acne vulgaris, confirming the data related by the specialised literature...

..The results suggest that expression of CD44 in these cutaneous epithelial tumors is not related to malignant transformation, but instead may be related to tumor progression and the ability to metastasize...

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..addition, many cysts that had remarkable similarities to interfollicular epidermis, as well as hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, were observed...

..These results demonstrate a causal relationship between transgenic COX-2 expression in basal keratinocytes and epidermal hyperplasia as well as dysplastic features at discrete body sites...

..p63, a member of the p53 gene family, is expressed in basal cells of several different organs...

..the elastic components of the connective tissue sheath of hair follicles, apocrine tubular glands, and sebaceous glands, and of the connective tissue surrounding the cutaneous muscle...

..1 is present in most tissues in the body where 5alpha-reductase is expressed, and is the dominant form in sebaceous glands. Type 2 5alpha-reductase is the dominant isoenzyme in genital tissues, including the prostate...

..The principal prostatic androgen is dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Although not elevated in human benign prostatic hyperplasia, DHT levels in the prostate remain at a normal level with aging, despite a decrease in the plasma testosterone...

..Although the etiology of rosacea remains unclear, a common theme in pathogenesis is vasodilation. Rosacea has been associated with both idiopathic flushing as well as that induced secondarily...

..Over the years, a substantial number of scientific papers has been published considering the possible relationship between oral contraceptive use and various skin disorders...

..application are as follows: 1) Optimize efficacy of topical liposomal 4-MA to selectively induce apoptosis of sebaceous glands of male hamsters; 2) Determine pharmacokinetics of topical liposomal 4- MA to hair follicles of human scalp ..

..high levels of MC5-R in multiple exocrine tissues, including the Harderian, preputial, lacrimal, and sebaceous glands. The MC5-R is also required for the production of porphyrins by the Harderian gland, and regulation of ..

..cells have properties of stem cells, and isolated bulge cells can reconstitute hair follicles, epidermis and sebaceous glands. We have now identified a number of genes which we hypothesize maintain the stem cell phenotype...

..area of hair follicle formation appeared normal without a scar and with the presence of new hair follicles, sebaceous glands and adipose tissue...

..cells in the skin and hair follicle resulted in a very unexpected phenotype (hyperproliferation of skin and sebaceous glands, epidermal downgrowths into the dermis, and altered hair alignment), which is consistent with overactivation ..

..The hypothesis will be similarly tested that androgens similarly stimulate sebaceous glands through an indirect effect on the enveloping mesenchymal cells...

..During injury, HF-SCs participate with basal IFE SCs to repair damaged epidermis and sebaceous glands. Both basal IFE SCs and HF-SCs can be cultured and propagated long-term outside their native niches under ..

..During injury, HF-SCs participate with basal IFE SCs to repair damaged epidermis and sebaceous glands. Both basal IFE SCs and HF-SCs can be cultured and propagated long-term outside their native niches under ..

..and hyperkeratinization of cells of the hair follicle, as well as a metaplastic response of the ductular sebaceous glands. How AHR-mediated changes in gene expression lead to toxicity is not well understood for any organ system ..

..Healed skin lacks epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands which can result in problems with thermal regulation and desiccation...

..and are carried to the surface as cells differentiate, while others are secreted onto the surface from sebaceous glands. Published reports and preliminary data indicate that free sphingoid bases have broad antimicrobial activity, ..

..The overall goal of this investigation is to determine if the effects of 13-cis RA in inducing apoptosis in sebaceous glands is mediated by NGAL...

..a site of origin for several benign as well as malignant skin tumors; and it produces the hair shaft and sebaceous glands whose dysfunction forms the basis of a variety of dermatological disorders...

..cells have properties of stem cells, and isolated bulge cells can reconstitute hair follicles, epidermis and sebaceous glands. We have now identified a number of genes which we hypothesize maintain the stem cell phenotype...

..including humans, have the capacity to regenerate epidermal adnexal structures, such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and that this regeneration can be enhanced or inhibited by manipulating pathways known to be important for ..

..including humans, have the capacity to regenerate epidermal adnexal structures, such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and that this regeneration can be enhanced or inhibited by manipulating pathways known to be important for ..

..We have also found that the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is involved in the formation of oil-producing sebaceous glands, and that focal activation of Hh signaling is sufficient to drive epithelial bud development, a process ..

..By contrast, the sebaceous glands in rc mice are hypertrophic due to sebocyte hyperplasia...

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