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| cerebral cortexSummarySummary: The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon and folds into gyri. It reaches its highest development in man and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions. Top Publications
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Publications
An intrinsic mechanism of corticogenesis from embryonic stem cells
Nicolas Gaspard
IRIBHM Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Universite Libre de Bruxelles ULB
Nature 455:351-7. 2008The cerebral cortex develops through the coordinated generation of dozens of neuronal subtypes, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear...Cortical midline structures and the self
Georg Northoff
Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Trends Cogn Sci 8:102-7. 2004..All of these subfunctions are related to distinct regions within the CMS. This relationship between self-referential processing and CMS might provide novel insight into the neural correlates underlying the constitution of the self...An integrated software suite for surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex
D C Van Essen
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
J Am Med Inform Assoc 8:443-59. 2001..describe and illustrate an integrated trio of software programs for carrying out surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex. The first component of this trio, SureFit (Surface Reconstruction by Filtering and Intensity Transformations)..From sensation to cognition
M M Mesulam
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago 60611, USA
Brain 121:1013-52. 1998..the primary sensory, upstream unimodal, downstream unimodal, heteromodal, paralimbic and limbic zones of the cerebral cortex. Connections from one zone to another are reciprocal and allow higher synaptic levels to exert a feedback (..Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction
A M Dale
Massachusetts General Hosp Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
Neuroimage 9:179-94. 1999Several properties of the cerebral cortex, including its columnar and laminar organization, as well as the topographic organization of cortical areas, can only be properly understood in the context of the intrinsic two-dimensional ..A resilient, low-frequency, small-world human brain functional network with highly connected association cortical hubs
Sophie Achard
Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrooke s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
J Neurosci 26:63-72. 2006..Because the major hubs of this network are critical for cognition, its slow dynamics could provide a physiological substrate for segregated and distributed information processing...An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest
Rahul S Desikan
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA 02118, USA
Neuroimage 31:968-80. 2006..the validity and reliability of an automated labeling system that we have developed for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on magnetic resonance images into gyral based regions of interest (ROIs)...Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate
Christopher R Genovese
Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
Neuroimage 15:870-8. 2002..We demonstrate this approach using both simulations and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from two simple experiments...Automated Talairach atlas labels for functional brain mapping
J L Lancaster
Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284, USA
Hum Brain Mapp 10:120-31. 2000..Additional suggested applications of the TD system include interactive labeling, anatomical grouping of activation foci, lesion-deficit analysis, and neuroanatomy education...Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer's disease
Randy L Buckner
Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
J Neurosci 29:1860-73. 2009..To identify regions of high connectivity in the human cerebral cortex, we applied a computationally efficient approach to map the degree of intrinsic functional connectivity ..The cortical organization of speech processing
Gregory Hickok
Department of Cognitive Sciences and The Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 5100, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 8:393-402. 2007....Mapping anatomical connectivity patterns of human cerebral cortex using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging tractography
Gaolang Gong
Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1098 Research Transition Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Cereb Cortex 19:524-36. 2009..to construct a macroscale anatomical network capturing the underlying common connectivity pattern of human cerebral cortex in a large sample of subjects (80 young adults) and further quantitatively analyzed its topological ..Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex
Bruce Fischl
Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH MIT Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
Cereb Cortex 14:11-22. 2004..Examples are given from two different training sets generated using different neuroanatomical conventions, illustrating the flexibility of the algorithm. The technique is shown to be comparable in accuracy to manual labeling...Predicting human resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity
C J Honey
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:2035-40. 2009In the cerebral cortex, the activity levels of neuronal populations are continuously fluctuating...Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
Vinod Menon
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
Brain Struct Funct 214:655-67. 2010..We suggest that this framework provides a parsimonious account of insula function in neurotypical adults, and may provide novel insights into the neural basis of disorders of affective and social cognition...Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex
Patric Hagmann
Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
PLoS Biol 6:e159. 2008Structurally segregated and functionally specialized regions of the human cerebral cortex are interconnected by a dense network of cortico-cortical axonal pathways...Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP
G Feng
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Neuron 28:41-51. 2000..In some lines, intense labeling of small neuronal subsets provided a Golgi-like vital stain. In double transgenic mice expressing two different XFPs, it was possible to differentially label 3 neuronal subsets in a single animal...Frequencies contributing to functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex in "resting-state" data
D Cordes
Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1300 University Ave, 1530 MSC, Madison, WI 53706, USA
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1326-33. 2001..In functionally connected regions, these low frequencies are characterized by a high degree of temporal coherence...Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases
Stephen C Noctor
Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
Nat Neurosci 7:136-44. 2004..division and migration are crucial to transform the neuroepithelium of the embryonic forebrain into the adult cerebral cortex. Using time-lapse imaging of clonal cells in rat cortex over several generations, we show here that neurons ..Structural insights into aberrant topological patterns of large-scale cortical networks in Alzheimer's disease
Yong He
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
J Neurosci 28:4756-66. 2008..This work has implications for our understanding of how functional deficits in patients are associated with their underlying structural (morphological) basis...Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model
Roberto Cabeza
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
Psychol Aging 17:85-100. 2002..They may have a cognitive or neural origin, and they may reflect regional or network mechanisms. The HAROLD model is a cognitive neuroscience model that integrates ideas and findings from psychology and neuroscience of aging...Identification and classification of hubs in brain networks
Olaf Sporns
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
PLoS ONE 2:e1049. 2007Brain regions in the mammalian cerebral cortex are linked by a complex network of fiber bundles...Neuroanatomy of autism
David G Amaral
The M I N D Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Trends Neurosci 31:137-45. 2008..Defined phenotypes in larger samples of children and well-characterized brain tissue will be necessary for clarification of the neuroanatomy of autism...Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans
J R Augustine
Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia 29208, USA
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 22:229-44. 1996..Recent studies have expanded the role of the insula as a somatosensory area, emphasizing its multifaceted, sensory role. The idea of the insula as limbic integration cortex has been affirmed and its role in Alzheimer's disease suggested...Different frequencies for different scales of cortical integration: from local gamma to long range alpha/theta synchronization
A von Stein
Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH University Zurich, Winterthurerstr 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
Int J Psychophysiol 38:301-13. 2000..e. for top-down processing. We propose that large scale integration is performed by synchronization among neurons and neuronal assemblies evolving in different frequency ranges...Neurophysiological architecture of functional magnetic resonance images of human brain
Raymond Salvador
Brain Mapping Unit and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
Cereb Cortex 15:1332-42. 2005....Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration
Hugo D Critchley
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London UCL Autonomic Unit, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
J Comp Neurol 493:154-66. 2005..Generation of visceral autonomic correlates of control reinforce experiential engagement in simulatory models and underpin concepts such as somatic markers to bridge the dualistic divide...The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
B T Thomas Yeo
Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
J Neurophysiol 106:1125-65. 2011Information processing in the cerebral cortex involves interactions among distributed areas. Anatomical connectivity suggests that certain areas form local hierarchical relations such as within the visual system...Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
Marcello Massimini
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, USA
Science 309:2228-32. 2005..Thus, the fading of consciousness during certain stages of sleep may be related to a breakdown in cortical effective connectivity...A resource of Cre driver lines for genetic targeting of GABAergic neurons in cerebral cortex
Hiroki Taniguchi
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
Neuron 71:995-1013. 2011A key obstacle to understanding neural circuits in the cerebral cortex is that of unraveling the diversity of GABAergic interneurons...Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Manuela Neumann
Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Science 314:130-3. 2006..TDP-43 represents the common pathologic substrate linking these neurodegenerative disorders...Petilla terminology: nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex
Giorgio A Ascoli
Molecular Neuroscience Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, MS2A1, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:557-68. 2008..of terms to describe the anatomical, physiological and molecular features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex. The resulting terminology might provide a stepping stone towards a future classification of these complex ..Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain
Ann M Graybiel
Department of Brain and Cognitive Science and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
Annu Rev Neurosci 31:359-87. 2008..Culturally based rituals may reflect privileged interactions between the basal ganglia and cortically based circuits that influence social, emotional, and action functions of the brain...Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer
Xiao Han
Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
Neuroimage 32:180-94. 2006In vivo MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortex thickness are providing novel insights into normal and abnormal neuroanatomy, but little is known about their reliability...Two systems of resting state connectivity between the insula and cingulate cortex
Keri S Taylor
Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Hum Brain Mapp 30:2731-45. 2009....The neural code between neocortical pyramidal neurons depends on neurotransmitter release probability
M V Tsodyks
Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:719-23. 1997..We conclude that by setting the rate of synaptic depression, release probability is an important factor in determining the neural code...The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention
D H Weissman
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
Nat Neurosci 9:971-8. 2006..Our findings provide a new, system-wide understanding of the patterns of brain activity that are associated with brief attentional lapses, which informs both theoretical and clinical models of goal-directed behavior...How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness
A D Bud Craig
Atkinson Research Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 10:59-70. 2009..New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness...Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta
T Nakagawa
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Nature 403:98-103. 2000..Thus, caspase-12 mediates an ER-specific apoptosis pathway and may contribute to amyloid-beta neurotoxicity...A Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-based (PALS) atlas of human cerebral cortex
David C Van Essen
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8108, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Neuroimage 28:635-62. 2005This report describes a new electronic atlas of human cerebral cortex that provides a substrate for a wide variety of brain-mapping analyses...Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
A D Craig
Atkinson Pain Research Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
Curr Opin Neurobiol 13:500-5. 2003....Mapping cortical change across the human life span
Elizabeth R Sowell
University of California at Los Angeles, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
Nat Neurosci 6:309-15. 2003..Our findings also indicate that the posterior temporal cortices, primarily in the left hemisphere, which typically support language functions, have a more protracted course of maturation than any other cortical region...Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Maurizio Corbetta
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:201-15. 2002..This ventral frontoparietal network works as a 'circuit breaker' for the dorsal system, directing attention to salient events. Both attentional systems interact during normal vision, and both are disrupted in unilateral spatial neglect...Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans
Nico U F Dosenbach
Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:11073-8. 2007..These two independent networks appear to operate on different time scales and affect downstream processing via dissociable mechanisms...Effects of neuromodulation in a cortical network model of object working memory dominated by recurrent inhibition
N Brunel
LPS, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
J Comput Neurosci 11:63-85. 2001..The present study therefore points to several mechanisms that enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in working memory states. These mechanisms could be implemented in the prefrontal cortex by dopaminergic projections from the midbrain...Self-referential processing in our brain--a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self
Georg Northoff
Department of Neurology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Neuroimage 31:440-57. 2006..We conclude that self-referential processing in CMS constitutes the core of our self and is critical for elaborating experiential feelings of self, uniting several distinct concepts evident in current neuroscience...Doublecortin is a microtubule-associated protein and is expressed widely by migrating neurons
J G Gleeson
Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Neuron 23:257-71. 1999Doublecortin (DCX) is required for normal migration of neurons into the cerebral cortex, since mutations in the human gene cause a disruption of cortical neuronal migration...The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review
R Naatanen
Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Clin Neurophysiol 118:2544-90. 2007..In addition, the MMN enables one to establish the brain processes underlying the initiation of attention switch to, conscious perception of, sound change in an unattended stimulus stream...A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty
Tania Singer
Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Trends Cogn Sci 13:334-40. 2009..Such mechanisms could facilitate affective learning and regulation of body homeostasis, and could also guide decision making in complex and uncertain environments...Evidence for segregated and integrative connectivity patterns in the human Basal Ganglia
Bogdan Draganski
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
J Neurosci 28:7143-52. 2008..We believe that this method can be used to examine pathophysiological concepts in a number of basal ganglia-related disorders...Non-invasive mapping of connections between human thalamus and cortex using diffusion imaging
T E J Behrens
Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
Nat Neurosci 6:750-7. 2003..Our results provide the first quantitative demonstration of reliable inference of anatomical connectivity between human gray matter structures using diffusion data and the first connectivity-based segmentation of gray matter...Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits
Xiao Jing Wang
Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA
Neuron 36:955-68. 2002....Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression
H S Mayberg
Department of Medicine Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284 6240, USA
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 9:471-81. 1997....Three-dimensional probabilistic anatomical cranio-cerebral correlation via the international 10-20 system oriented for transcranial functional brain mapping
Masako Okamoto
National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba 305 8642, Japan
Neuroimage 21:99-111. 2004..This study provided an initial step toward establishing a three-dimensional probabilistic anatomical platform that enables intra- and intermodal comparisons of NIRS and TMS brain imaging data...An insular view of anxiety
Martin P Paulus
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Biol Psychiatry 60:383-7. 2006....Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents
P Shaw
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20182, USA
Nature 440:676-9. 2006..Here we demonstrate that the trajectory of change in the thickness of the cerebral cortex, rather than cortical thickness itself, is most closely related to level of intelligence...Rich club organization of macaque cerebral cortex and its role in network communication
Logan Harriger
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
PLoS ONE 7:e46497. 2012..in the cat and human brain, this report presents evidence for the existence of rich club organization in the cerebral cortex of a non-human primate, the macaque monkey, based on a connectivity data set representing a collation of ..Origin and progeny of reactive gliosis: A source of multipotent cells in the injured brain
Annalisa Buffo
Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg Munich, Germany
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:3581-6. 2008..Conversely, progenitors present in the adult mouse cerebral cortex labeled by NG2 or the receptor for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFRalpha) did not form neurospheres ..Uniquely human social cognition
Rebecca Saxe
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 46 4019, 43 Vassar St, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA
Curr Opin Neurobiol 16:235-9. 2006....The dynamic brain: from spiking neurons to neural masses and cortical fields
Gustavo Deco
Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats ICREA, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Technology, Computational Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain
PLoS Comput Biol 4:e1000092. 2008..We argue that elaborating principled and informed models is a prerequisite for grounding empirical neuroscience in a cogent theoretical framework, commensurate with the achievements in the physical sciences...Regional and progressive thinning of the cortical ribbon in Huntington's disease
H D Rosas
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 02129 4404, USA
Neurology 58:695-701. 2002....Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk
Kerstin Preuschoff
Computation and Neural Systems Program and Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
J Neurosci 28:2745-52. 2008..As such, our findings indicate that our understanding of the neural basis of reward anticipation under uncertainty needs to be expanded to include risk prediction...Neuron-to-astrocyte signaling is central to the dynamic control of brain microcirculation
Micaela Zonta
Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Universita di Padova, Viale G Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
Nat Neurosci 6:43-50. 2003..Taken together, our findings show that neuron-to-astrocyte signaling is a key mechanism in functional hyperemia...Conditional loss of Dicer disrupts cellular and tissue morphogenesis in the cortex and hippocampus
Tigwa H Davis
Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0730, USA
J Neurosci 28:4322-30. 2008....Geometrically accurate topology-correction of cortical surfaces using nonseparating loops
Florent Segonne
CERTIS Laboratory, ENPC, 19 rue Nobel Cité Descartes, Champs sur Marne 77455, France
IEEE Trans Med Imaging 26:518-29. 2007..Applied to real data, our method provides topological corrections similar to those made by a trained operator...Spontaneous cortical activity in awake monkeys composed of neuronal avalanches
Thomas Petermann
Section on Critical Brain Dynamics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:15921-6. 2009Spontaneous neuronal activity is an important property of the cerebral cortex but its spatiotemporal organization and dynamical framework remain poorly understood...Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood
Nitin Gogtay
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:8174-9. 2004..Direct comparison with normal cortical development may help understanding of some neurodevelopmental disorders such as childhood-onset schizophrenia or autism...A link between the systems: functional differentiation and integration within the human insula revealed by meta-analysis
Florian Kurth
C and O Vogt Institute of Brain Research, University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
Brain Struct Funct 214:519-34. 2010....Dynamic statistical parametric mapping: combining fMRI and MEG for high-resolution imaging of cortical activity
A M Dale
Massachusetts General Hospital Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Charlestown 02129, USA
Neuron 26:55-67. 2000..Repetition effects were observed in many of the same areas following this initial wave of activation, providing evidence for the involvement of feedback mechanisms in repetition priming...Defined types of cortical interneurone structure space and spike timing in the hippocampus
Peter Somogyi
MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
J Physiol 562:9-26. 2005The cerebral cortex encodes, stores and combines information about the internal and external environment in rhythmic activity of multiple frequency ranges...Grouping of brain rhythms in corticothalamic systems
M Steriade
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
Neuroscience 137:1087-106. 2006....Cortical excitatory neurons and glia, but not GABAergic neurons, are produced in the Emx1-expressing lineage
Jessica A Gorski
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
J Neurosci 22:6309-14. 2002..Structures that are located near the basal ganglia (e.g., the amygdala and endopiriform nuclei) are not uniformly derived from Emx1-expressing cells...Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology
Roberta Magliozzi
Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Brain 130:1089-104. 2007..disability and death and more pronounced demyelination, microglia activation and loss of neurites in the cerebral cortex. Cortical demyelination in these SPMS cases was also more severe than in PPMS cases...Reeler/Disabled-like disruption of neuronal migration in knockout mice lacking the VLDL receptor and ApoE receptor 2
M Trommsdorff
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235 9046, USA
Cell 97:689-701. 1999Layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum requires Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, and mammalian Disabled (mDab1), a cytosolic protein that activates tyrosine kinases...Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks
Gyorgy Buzsaki
Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Science 304:1926-9. 2004....Consciousness and complexity
G Tononi
Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John J Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
Science 282:1846-51. 1998..Applying measures of neural integration and complexity, together with an analysis of extensive neurological data, leads to a testable proposal-the dynamic core hypothesis-about the properties of the neural substrate of consciousness...The sleep slow oscillation as a traveling wave
Marcello Massimini
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
J Neurosci 24:6862-70. 2004..The orderly propagation of correlated activity along connected pathways may play a role in spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity during sleep...In vivo light-induced activation of neural circuitry in transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2
Benjamin R Arenkiel
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
Neuron 54:205-18. 2007..Using focal illumination of the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb, we demonstrate a highly reproducible, light-dependent activation of neurons and precise ..Reelin and brain development
Fadel Tissir
Developmental Genetics Unit, Universite Catholique de Louvain, UCL 7382, 73 Avenue E Mounier, B1200 Brussels, Belgium
Nat Rev Neurosci 4:496-505. 2003Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man
B Mazoyer
Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR6095, CNRS, LEA, , , Paris, France
Brain Res Bull 54:287-98. 2001....Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images
Bruce Fischl
Department of Radiology, MGH, Athinoula A Martinos Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
Neuroimage 23:S69-84. 2004..This sequence has the added benefit of allowing the explicit estimation of T2* and of reducing test-retest intensity variability...Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex
Philip Shaw
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
J Neurosci 28:3586-94. 2008Understanding the organization of the cerebral cortex remains a central focus of neuroscience. Cortical maps have relied almost exclusively on the examination of postmortem tissue to construct structural, architectonic maps...Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cerebral cortex neurons and neural networks
Yichen Shi
Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Nat Protoc 7:1836-46. 2012..NSCs) and functional neurons from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) facilitates functional studies of human cerebral cortex development, disease modeling and drug discovery...The neuroscience of tinnitus
Jos J Eggermont
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
Trends Neurosci 27:676-82. 2004..Downregulation of intracortical inhibition induced by damage to the cochlea or to auditory projection pathways highlights neural processes that underlie the sensation of phantom sound...The asynchronous state in cortical circuits
Alfonso Renart
Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Science 327:587-90. 2010..Our results suggest a reexamination of the sources underlying observed correlations and their functional consequences for information processing...A tension-based theory of morphogenesis and compact wiring in the central nervous system
D C Van Essen
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
Nature 385:313-8. 1997..In the cerebral cortex, for example, tension along axons in the white matter can explain how and why the cortex folds in a ..Self-organized formation of polarized cortical tissues from ESCs and its active manipulation by extrinsic signals
Mototsugu Eiraku
Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650 0047, Japan
Cell Stem Cell 3:519-32. 2008..Thus, spatial and temporal aspects of early corticogenesis are recapitulated and can be manipulated in this ESC culture...A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks
Devarajan Sridharan
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:12569-74. 2008..Our findings have important implications for a unified view of network mechanisms underlying both exogenous and endogenous cognitive control...Automated manifold surgery: constructing geometrically accurate and topologically correct models of the human cerebral cortex
B Fischl
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20:70-80. 2001Highly accurate surface models of the cerebral cortex are becoming increasingly important as tools in the investigation of the functional organization of the human brain...How brains beware: neural mechanisms of emotional attention
Patrik Vuilleumier
Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences and Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
Trends Cogn Sci 9:585-94. 2005..This work should help to elucidate the neural processes and temporal dynamics governing the integration of cognitive and affective influences in attention and behaviour...Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance
Vikaas S Sohal
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
Nature 459:698-702. 2009....Automated 3-D extraction and evaluation of the inner and outer cortical surfaces using a Laplacian map and partial volume effect classification
June Sic Kim
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
Neuroimage 27:210-21. 2005..6 +/- 1.4 mm for conventional ASP and 0.5 +/- 0.4 mm for CLASP. In a repeatability study, CLASP produced a 30% lower RMS error for the GM surface and a 8% lower RMS error for the WM surface compared with ASP...Analysis of functional image analysis contest (FIAC) data with brainvoyager QX: From single-subject to cortically aligned group general linear model analysis and self-organizing group independent component analysis
Rainer Goebel
Brain Innovation, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Hum Brain Mapp 27:392-401. 2006..Using spatially and temporally unsmoothed data, this cortex-based analysis revealed comparable results but with a set of spatially more confined group clusters and more differential group region of interest time courses...Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord
Kristina A Kigerl
Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
J Neurosci 29:13435-44. 2009....Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and brain growth in normal children
Elizabeth R Sowell
Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 1769, USA
J Neurosci 24:8223-31. 2004..For the first time, developmental changes in gray matter thickness, brain size, and structure-function relationships have been traced within the same individuals studied longitudinally during a time of rapid cognitive development...A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust
M L Phillips
Department of Psychological Medicine, King s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Nature 389:495-8. 1997..The anterior insula is known to be involved in responses to offensive tastes. The neural response to facial expressions of disgust in others is thus closely related to appraisal of distasteful stimuli...Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions
Patrik Vuilleumier
Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Nat Neurosci 6:624-31. 2003..An activation of pulvinar and superior colliculus by fearful expressions occurred specifically with low-frequency faces, suggesting that these subcortical pathways may provide coarse fear-related inputs to the amygdala...Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain
Frederico A C Azevedo
Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
J Comp Neurol 513:532-41. 2009..6 +/- 9.8 billion NeuN-negative ("nonneuronal") cells. With only 19% of all neurons located in the cerebral cortex, greater cortical size (representing 82% of total brain mass) in humans compared with other primates does not ..Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition
M Jeannerod
Institut des Sciences Cognitives, 67 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, 69675, France
Neuroimage 14:S103-9. 2001..The function of this process of simulation would be not only to shape the motor system in anticipation to execution, but also to provide the self with information on the feasibility and the meaning of potential actions...A theory of cortical responses
Karl Friston
The Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360:815-36. 2005..The final focus of this article is on perceptual learning as measured with the MMN and the implications for empirical studies of coupling among cortical areas using evoked sensory responses...Hierarchical organization of human cortical networks in health and schizophrenia
Danielle S Bassett
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
J Neurosci 28:9239-48. 2008....
Research Grants
- Cortical connections with the limbic territory of the basal gangliaMichelle Morrow; Fiscal Year: 2007..We and others have argued that abnormal activity in BG loops with the cerebral cortex could lead not only to motor disorders, but also to non-motor symptoms like those associated with Obsessive-..
- Inhibitory Interneurons in Tourette SyndromeFlora M Vaccarino; Fiscal Year: 2010..The cerebral cortex-basal ganglia circuitry regulates motor habits and goal-directed behavior...
- NEURAL GENE EXPRESSION IN SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND RECOVERYThomas S Kilduff; Fiscal Year: 2010..During the previous funding period, we identified a population of cells in the cerebral cortex that express the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNos) within which the transcription factor Fos is expressed ..
- REGULATION IN MAMMALIAN NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLSQiang Lu; Fiscal Year: 2009..the growth and maintenance, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitor cells in the mammalian cerebral cortex. During development, neurons of the cerebral cortex arise from neural progenitor cells in the neuroepithelium,..
- Functional Neuroimaging of Individual Differences in Affect and MotivationBRIAN JAMES MICKEY; Fiscal Year: 2013..For his thesis project, he employed electrophysiology and computational techniques to study activity in the cerebral cortex that underlies sound perception, and in a related study, he investigated auditory processing in schizophrenia...
- INTERACTION OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR WITH DNAANN NARDULLI; Fiscal Year: 2013..thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in the cerebral cortex of C57BL/6 mice, (2) define whether estrogens and/or progestins alter the expression of oxidative stress ..
- Connexins in Neuronal and Glial Gap Junctions in the Central Nervous SystemJohn E Rash; Fiscal Year: 2012..throughout the complex circuitry of the mouse brain, to make detailed measurements of "mini" gap junctions in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of both mouse and human brain, and to identify the neuronal subtypes linked by "mini" gap ..
- Derivation of cerebral cortical GABAergic interneurons from human iPS cellsLorenz P Studer; Fiscal Year: 2010..Dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex has been implicated in a variety of major neuropsychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, autism, ..
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Brain Arteriovenous MalformationsYongmei Chen; Fiscal Year: 2010..Middle cerebral arteries from 5 autopsies and surgically resected cerebral cortex from 10 epilepsy patients will be used as control...
- Function and Structure Adaptations in Forebrain DevelopmentPAT R LEVITT; Fiscal Year: 2013..Aim 1 will determine the impact of direct elimination of Met signaling in the cerebral cortex using mice in which Emx1Cre conditionally deletes Met from the dorsal pallium...
- Epigenome Mapping in Cortical InterneuronsSchahram Akbarian; Fiscal Year: 2013..landscape in selected subpopulations of cortical GABAergic interneurons and other cells residing in mouse cerebral cortex;and 2) To gain first insights into chromatin remodeling mechanisms of GABAergic neurons during the transition ..
- Basal Forebrain Cellular Mechanisms of Cortical ActivationRobert W McCarley; Fiscal Year: 2013..of cortical activation and gamma oscillations by the basal forebrain (BF) neuronal projections to the cerebral cortex, since, in a recent study, extensive lesions of the BF region revealed dramatic reductions in cortical ..
- Reducing Care-Resistant Behaviors During Oral Hygiene in Persons with DementiaRita A Jablonski; Fiscal Year: 2013..with dementia have heightened threat perception as a result of neurobiological changes that affect the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdale...
- Molecular and cellular mechanism of MicrocephalyArnold Kriegstein; Fiscal Year: 2013..but also to advance our understanding and potential treatment of a variety of other neurodevelopmental disorders caused through defects in cerebral cortex development including mental retardation, epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia.
- Structural determinants of DTI observations in developing cortex and white matterChristopher D Kroenke; Fiscal Year: 2013..Based on preliminary observations of changes in both WM and cerebral cortex FA in neonatally enucleated ferrets, we hypothesize that changes in WM FA arise from abnormalities of myelin/..
- Udall Parkinson's Disease Center at Emory University: Circuitry to TherapyTHOMAS N WICHMANN; Fiscal Year: 2013..disease (PD) Is Involved In transmitting Parkinsonian activity patterns generated In the basal ganglia to the cerebral cortex. We will use simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex In ..
- Effects of Alcohol on Stem Cells in the Adult BrainMichael W Miller; Fiscal Year: 2012..g., neuron or glia) of their progeny. In the adolescent and adult, this production is largely restricted to cerebral cortex, and particularly, the dentate gyrus...
- EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON CELL PROLIFERATIONMichael W Miller; Fiscal Year: 2010..b>Cerebral cortex is composed of two types of neurons: excitatory projection neurons (PNs) and inhibitory local circuit neurons ..
- Human iPS/ES Cell-Based Models for Predictive Neural Toxicity and TeratogenicityJAMES ALEXANDER THOMSON; Fiscal Year: 2013..human pluripotent stem cells to early precursors of the major neural, glial, and vascular components of the cerebral cortex separately, cryopreserve the precursors, and subsequently combine them in 3D hydrogel assemblies to allow ..
- Role of Cyclins in Brain Construction and Interneuron GenesisKRISTIN GIAMANCO; Fiscal Year: 2013..will advance our understanding of precisely how these D-type cyclins regulate proliferation within the cerebral cortex and the MGE, illuminating how interneuron subtypes are generated in the MGE...
- Morphogenesis and function of the cerebral cortexFlora M Vaccarino; Fiscal Year: 2013..This proposal investigates how growth factors of the FGF family establish the primary structure of the cerebral cortex by controlling the genesis of cortical projection neurons from SVZ precursors...
- Mechanisms of Alcohol WithdrawalDwayne W Godwin; Fiscal Year: 2012..abnormal thalamic rhythms precede the generalization of abnormal rhythms in both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. The overall goal of this proposal is to determine cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alterations ..
- MicroRNA-Mediated Translation Initiation Arrest In Ischemic BrainJulie Anne Saugstad; Fiscal Year: 2013..of ischemia on (a) induced expression of candidate miRNAs and suppression of eIF2B and eIF4E protein in cerebral cortex, (b) the regional and cellular distribution of candidate miRNAs and eIF2B and eIF4E mRNA and protein in brain,..
- Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Formation of Basal Ganglia CircuitryKENNETH J CAMPBELL; Fiscal Year: 2013..Specifically, the cerebral cortex controls these processes via the basal ganglia, which refine and select appropriate cortical programs for the ..
- Astroglial Cells in Perinatal Brain InjuryFlora M Vaccarino; Fiscal Year: 2012..by asking whether reactive astroglial cells give rise to new cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex after chronic perinatal hypoxia, what types of neurons arise from these cells in the normal and injured ..
- EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON CELL PROLIFERATIONFrank A Middleton; Fiscal Year: 2013..b>Cerebral cortex is composed of two types of neurons: excitatory projection neurons (PNs) and inhibitory local circuit neurons ..
- A kinase pathway required for cortical neuron polarizationFranck Polleux; Fiscal Year: 2012..We identified a gene (LKB1) that underlies the formation of axons in the cerebral cortex and we propose to study what regulate the function of this gene during development...
- Synaptic basis of perceptual learning in primary auditory cortexROBERT CROOKS FROEMKE; Fiscal Year: 2013..While the entire nervous system is highly labile during development, the cerebral cortex remains plastic throughout life...
- DEFECTIVE FOREBRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN MUTANT MICESAMUEL JEREMY PLEASURE; Fiscal Year: 2013..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Understanding the mechanisms governing the development of the cerebral cortex is one of the central goals of developmental neurobiology and it is abundantly clear that there are a host of ..
- Environmental Enrichment and Neuronal Turnover in the BrainFlora M Vaccarino; Fiscal Year: 2010..Other regions, like the cerebral cortex, can generate new neurons in infant and juvenile animals, but not in adulthood...
- Prenatal Alcohol in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Stillbirgh (PASS) NetworkKimberly A Dukes; Fiscal Year: 2013..brain development with ultrasonography, and neurotransmitter and synaptic maturation in the brainstem and cerebral cortex in autopsy studies of the fetus and infant...
- NEUROGENETIC PROCESSES IN THE FETAL BRAINPasko Rakic; Fiscal Year: 2013..principle goal of this grant continues to be elucidation of the early developmental events in the embryonic cerebral cortex that precede formation of synaptic connections...
- Regulation Of Cortical Neurogenesis By Apical Complex ProteinsSeonhee Kim; Fiscal Year: 2013DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Normal development of the cerebral cortex depends upon the successful control of proliferation and differentiation of cortical progenitor cells, which is tightly orchestrated by cellular and ..
- Remote effects of focal hippocampal seizures on neocortical functionHal Blumenfeld; Fiscal Year: 2013..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Impaired function of the cerebral cortex and cognitive deficits have a large impact on quality of life in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy...
- Sp1, kappa-B enhancers and transcriptions in neuronsSTEVEN BARGER; Fiscal Year: 2009..this proposal indicate that glutamate does not activate NF-kappa-B DNA-binding in neurons cultured from the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, the only factors constitutively binding NF-kappa-B target sites are Sp1 and related proteins, ..
- Immune cell dynamics during central nervous system viral infectionJuan C de la Torre; Fiscal Year: 2010..staining for different molecular species to follow the local immune cell dynamics in the LCMV-infected mouse cerebral cortex and meningeal space...
- Role of Presenilins in the SynapseJie Shen; Fiscal Year: 2013..In the adult cerebral cortex, presenilins play a central role in memory, synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival...
- Origin of Cortical Species-specific DistinctionsPasko Rakic; Fiscal Year: 2012..Abnormal genesis and initial patterning of the human cerebral cortex can give rise to uniquely human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, developmental ..
- CENTRAL THALAMIC DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION MODELSNicholas D Schiff; Fiscal Year: 2013..These neurons link the brain stem centers that control arousal with the cerebral cortex, and play a crucial role in integrating cortex, striatum and thalamus...
- Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscopeJaime Grutzendler; Fiscal Year: 2010..These investigators are conducting studies of cerebral cortex development and connectivity, synaptic plasticity, stem cell biology, cellular mechanisms of dementia, ..
- Role of Inflammation in Progressive Multifocal LeukoencephalopathyIgor J Koralnik; Fiscal Year: 2012..1H-MRS, Magnetization Transfer, Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging 3) Explore whether JCV-infected neurons in cerebral cortex and granule cell layer of the cerebellum can be recognized by the immune system, determine their prevalence ..
- AFFERENT REGULATION OF CHOLINERGIC FOREBRAIN NEURONSLaszlo Zaborszky; Fiscal Year: 2013..which are widely distributed in the basal forebrain BF), provide the majority of acetylcholine found in the cerebral cortex. This highly complex brain region has been implicated in a range of behaviors, including cortical activation, ..
- CRCNS: Path Intergration by the Grid Cell NetworkKechen Zhang; Fiscal Year: 2013..in subcortical regions store memory representations using a "phase code," and will examine how the cerebral cortex interacts with subcortical oscillators to read out these memory representations...
- Small RNA regulation of BDNF expression in schizophreniaSchahram Akbarian; Fiscal Year: 2012..expressed at robust levels in PFC pyramidal neurons, which comprise the primary cellular source of BDNF in cerebral cortex, (ii) are dynamically regulated during the extended course of PFC maturation and (iii) potentially ..
- EXPERIMENTAL FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROMESandra M Mooney; Fiscal Year: 2013..Our preliminary data and the work of others on developing cerebral cortex show that exposure to ethanol during the period of naturally occurring neuronal death causes a dramatic and ..
- Mutant human a-synuclein toxicity in miceDeborah E Cabin; Fiscal Year: 2012..2006). PD affects a wide range of brain regions, from brainstem to cerebral cortex, though the diagnostic motor symptoms arise from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra...
- Cortical Control of Hindlimb Muscles in PrimatesPAUL DAVID CHENEY; Fiscal Year: 2012..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Damage to the cerebral cortex and corticospinal neurons associated with stroke, ALS, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury produce ..
- Basal Ganglia and Higher Cortical FunctionPeter L Strick; Fiscal Year: 2012..We and others have argued that abnormal activity in BG loops with the cerebral cortex could lead not only to motor disorders, but also to the behavioral symptoms associated with neuropsychiatric ..
- Roles of microRNAs during vertebrate brain morphogenesisCarter M Takacs; Fiscal Year: 2012..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genetic malformations of the cerebral cortex cause severe mental health impediments, including retardation and epilepsy...
- CELL IDENTITY DETERMINATION IN CEREBRAL CORTEXChristopher A Walsh; Fiscal Year: 2013..Proper development of the cerebral cortex is essential for normal cognitive function, and requires the precise completion of a series of developmental ..
- Translation of smart contrast agents for brain tumor characterization by MRGarry E Kiefer; Fiscal Year: 2013..BIRDS with high speed 2D CSI at 11.7T allows spatial resolution of ~10 <L or better in rat's cerebral cortex with TmDOTP5- (phosphonic acid, high charge) and TmDOTMA- (carboxylic acid, low charge), respectively...
- Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for EpilepsyChristopher DeGiorgio; Fiscal Year: 2012..brain structures known to play a role in seizure inhibition and initiation (locus coeruleus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex)...
- Human Epilepsy Genetics - Neuronal Migration DisordersChristopher A Walsh; Fiscal Year: 2013..palsy, and abnormalities of brain volume can be attributed in many cases to pathological malformations of the cerebral cortex. Although these consequences, such as epilepsy and mental retardation, may appear broadly in the population ..
- Asymmetric cell division of CNS progenitor cellsSally Temple; Fiscal Year: 2013..Knowledge of Stau2 function in the cerebral cortex will increase our understanding of RNA binding proteins and asymmetric cell division mechanisms in NSCs and ..
- Glial Proliferation and Death in Depression and AlcoholismJose Javier Miguel Hidalgo; Fiscal Year: 2010..will provide information on immediate causes for lower numbers of glial cells observed in the prefrontal cerebral cortex of depressives and alcoholics...
- Katanin p80: A Role for Regulation of Microtubule Severing in Cortical DevelopmenWEN FAN HU; Fiscal Year: 2013..this protein i regulating neuronal progenitor mitosis and cell cycle progression in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex. Specific Aim 1 will characterize the novel mutation using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis to assay for ..
- Design Optimization of Combined Magnetoencephalography and SusceptometrySolomon Gilbert Diamond; Fiscal Year: 2013..NIRS overcomes the rate limitation of fMRI but is only sensitive to the outer regions of the cerebral cortex. Subject exclusion is a concern with MRI, which is unsafe for individuals with certain metal implants and is ..
- Glutamate Receptors in Hypoxic-ischemic Injury to Developing OligodendrocytesWenbin Deng; Fiscal Year: 2012..In term infants, hypoxia-ischemia predominantly affects cerebral cortex with characteristic neuronal loss...
- Organization of the Cortical Projection to the Basal GangliaANTON J REINER; Fiscal Year: 2012..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE This study will clarify which neurons of cerebral cortex communicate with each of the two circuits of the basal ganglia, one of which facilitates desired movements ..
- Mechanisms Underlying Specification of Neuronal Projection Identity in the CortexKarpagam Srinivasan; Fiscal Year: 2010DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cerebral cortex is the most evolved and expanded brain structure in humans that underlies our highest intellectual abilities...
- Impact of Blood Viscosity on Oxygen Delivery in humans with Sickle Cell AnemiaTHOMAS DUANE COATES; Fiscal Year: 2011..changes in HbS and hematocrit that improve arterial flow may be detrimental in low shear flow areas like the cerebral cortex and heart...
- Sleep Regulation - The Involvement of GHRHJames Krueger; Fiscal Year: 2009..We also extend our work to the cerebral cortex to determine if GHRH and its receptors are involved in the regulation of neuronal assembly functional state...
- Development of Synaptic Plasticity in Visual CortexMichael J Friedlander; Fiscal Year: 2010Synapses in the cerebral cortex undergo dynamic alterations in their efficiency throughout life...
- TorsinA influences GABA neuron migration and dopamine neuron development: ImplicPradeep G Bhide; Fiscal Year: 2010..torsinA plays critical roles in GABA neuron migration and the development of the dopaminergic system in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of the developing brain...
- Huntington's Disease: Analysis of ProteolysisROBERT NORMAN O'BRIEN; Fiscal Year: 2013..HD is characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex and striatum during aging...
- Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 Imaging SystemKaren H Martin; Fiscal Year: 2010..of embryonic mice using the image-guided injection technology to study the function and development of the cerebral cortex and the genetic mechanisms that regulate embryonic neural development...
- EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF K+ CHANNEL GENES IN BRAINBernardo Rudy; Fiscal Year: 2013..GABAergic interneurons are key components of the cerebral cortex and have essential roles in information processing, plasticity, the generation of cortical rhythms, and in ..
- FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR CEREBRAL CORTICAL DEVELOPMENTFlora Vaccarino; Fiscal Year: 2002The size of the cerebral cortex increases during mammalian evolution, underlying an increased complexity of cognitive operations and specialization of functions...
- FUNCTIONAL AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF INTERVAL TIMINGWARREN MECK; Fiscal Year: 2000Adapted from applicant's abstract): The neural circuits that link the bas ganglia with the cerebral cortex are critically involved in the generation and control of temporal sequences of responses that are guided by an internal timing ..
- CORTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTSMark Segraves; Fiscal Year: 1993The long-term goal of this laboratory is to understand the contributions made by the primate's cerebral cortex to voluntary motor behavior...
- VISUAL RELAYS IN THE PULVINARRAINER GUILLERY; Fiscal Year: 2000DESCRIPTION: Almost all of the information that reaches the cerebral cortex from the outside world or from lower brain centers has to pass through the thalamus...