clavicle

..3D surface models of the clavicle and scapula were created, and the movements of the acromioclavicular joint from 0 degrees to each position were ..

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BACKGROUND: Fractures of the clavicle were reported to represent 2.6% of all fractures with an overall incidence of 64 per 100,000 per year (1987, Malmö, Sweden)...

..To compare elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) with nonoperative treatment of fully displaced midshaft clavicular fractures in adults...

This randomised study compared outcomes in patients with displaced fractures of the clavicle treated by open reduction and fixation by a reconstruction plate which was placed either superiorly or three-dimensionally...

An epidemiologic study of 535 isolated clavicle fractures treated in a hospital of a large metropolis during an 11-year period was performed...

Fractures of the clavicle are common and have been typically addressed to nonoperative treatment...

Recent literature supports surgical intervention for shortened, displaced, mid-shaft clavicle fractures...

..Pain level, cosmetic result, shoulder function and complication rate were documented as well as the influence of the profession on the therapeutic strategy and duration of unfitness for work...

..bike racers, soccer players, swimmers and cyclists) with a displaced fracture of the middle-third of the clavicle were treated operatively using rigid plate fixation within one week after the initial trauma...

..about three of four fractures occurring through the middle part and one of four through the acromial part of the clavicle. Ninety-five percent healed uneventfully, while non-union developed in 5% - evenly distributed between the middle ..

..and surgeon-based outcomes, we used a patient-based outcome questionnaire and objective muscle-strength testing to evaluate a series of patients who had received nonoperative care for a displaced midshaft fracture of the clavicle.

During 1988-1999 39 unstable fractures of the distal clavicle (Neer 2) were operated on in Oulu University Hospital. Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation was used in 22 cases and a clavicular hook plate in 17...

b>Clavicle hook plates are an effective plate fixation alternative for distal clavicle fractures and severe acromioclavicular joint dislocations...

Fractures of the shaft of the clavicle are common in both adults and children. Recent adult studies have indicated that improved outcomes are achieved after open reduction and internal fixation...

..The aim of this prospective study was to compare the results achieved in two groups of patients treated for mid-clavicular fracture...

We investigated the incidence of complications following childhood clavicle fractures and the necessity for follow-up in fracture clinic after the first orthopaedic consultation...

Midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents have traditionally been treated nonoperatively...

Fractures of the clavicle are common and most often occur in the middle third. The clavicle has several important functions, each of which may be affected after fracture and malunion...

The optimal management of displaced fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle remains controversial. Successful results have been reported both with primary open reduction and internal fixation and with nonoperative treatment...

..2). In conclusion, if the surgery of mid-third clavicular fractures is indicated, fixation with a Knowles pin has more advantages than plate fixation...

Undisplaced fractures of both the diaphysis and the lateral end of the clavicle have a high rate of union, and the functional outcomes are good after nonoperative treatment...

To compare the outcomes of reconstruction plate and reconstruction locking compression plate (LCP) for the treatment of clavicle midshaft fractures.

..02), lower complication rate (P=0.04), and less symptomatic hardware (P=.015). If surgery of mid-third clavicular fractures is indicated, fixation with a Knowles pin has more advantages than plate fixation in elderly patients...

..We compare the use of plate and screws versus intramedullary nails in the operative management of patients with displaced midclavicular fractures...

A series of 91 patients (59 males, 32 females, mean age 41 years) with middle-shaft clavicle fracture were assessed at a mean of 8.7 years after injury. Based on Allman's classification, fractures were placed in group Ia, Ib and Ic...

This is an overview of the current literature on malunion after midshaft clavicle fracture. Anatomy, trauma mechanism, classification, incidence, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options are all discussed...

Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries. The usual mechanism of clavicle fracture is a direct fall on the shoulder. There are 3 types of clavicle fractures, but type II or midshaft fractures make up the vast majority...

To determine the cost-effectiveness of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of displaced, midshaft clavicle fractures in adults.

Recent studies have demonstrated better outcomes with operative fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. We hypothesize that the risk of major complication with intramedullary fixation for clavicle fractures will be low.

From 1992-1994, we operated on 251 fresh completely displaced mid-third clavicle fractures in adults; 232 were followed up. The fractures were plated with a Mizuho C-type plate or an AO/ASIF 3.5 mm reconstruction plate...

..Intramedullary nailing of clavicular midshaft fractures using the titanium elastic nail has been described as a technically easy, minimally invasive operation with few complications and an early return to competitive sports...

..We sought to compare patient-oriented outcome and complication rates following nonoperative treatment and those after plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures...

..6% to 5% of all fractures, and middle third fractures account for 69% to 82% of fractures of the clavicle. The junction of the outer and middle third is the thinnest part of the bone and is the only area not protected ..

The purpose of this report was to evaluate patient outcomes after treatment of acute midshaft clavicle fractures with an intramedullary Hagie pin, including clinical results and the incidence of postoperative complications...

Hook-plate fixation of unstable lateral clavicle fractures has given promising results in previous reports, but numbers of patients have been small. We assessed the results of this technique in 63 patients.

Management of type II fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle is controversial. Different treatment options have been advocated with varying results...

Mid-shaft clavicle fractures have traditionally been treated conservatively, although this has been associated with non-union and unsatisfactory shoulder function...

..The purpose of this study was to analyze the 3D kinematics of the clavicle and acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction, using 3D MR images obtained by a vertically open MRI...

There is ongoing debate in the adult literature regarding fixation of displaced, closed midshaft clavicle fractures. Functional outcomes of treatment of these fractures in skeletally immature patients have not been previously investigated.

..function following hook plate fixation in 18 patients with Neer type 2 fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle. The average age was 40 (range 22-62) years, and the mean follow-up was 25 (range 6-48) months...

..We describe the surgical technique and outcome in 87 patients...

..To date, various implants have been developed for open reduction including intramedullary wires, screws, and plates. This study discusses elastic stable intramedullary nailing of midshaft clavicular fractures...

Outcome after surgical treatment for nonunion and malunion of midshaft displaced clavicle fractures has generally been described as favorable and equal to results of acute repair...

Optimal surgical treatment of unstable distal clavicle fractures is controversial, and various fixation options are available...

Neer IIB distal clavicle fracture is associated with disruption of the coracoclavicular ligament and a variable degree of displacement...

A retrospective study was performed to compare nonoperative and operative treatments of Type II distal clavicle fractures...

We conducted a prospective, randomized study to determine if patients with midshaft clavicle fractures would benefit from immediate operative stabilization with a modified Hagie pin in comparison with a matched group treated with ..

Various techniques have been reported for the treatment of middle-third clavicle (collar bone) fractures. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the results of anterior-inferior plating using a 3...

To compare results of primary internal fixation of acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures with those managed nonoperatively in terms of fracture union and functional outcome.

..To present the case of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of a midshaft clavicular fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athlete...

..In addition, sutures circumvent the need for a second operation for metal removal...

..the case of a 22-year-old woman with pycnodysostosis associated with bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. The patient was first seen at the age of 19 years and had no symptoms during the 3-year follow-up period...

Radiation-induced necrosis or infection can result in a persistent nonunion of the clavicle. We describe 3 cases in which a free vascularized corticoperiosteal flap was harvested from the medial aspect of the femoral condyle and ..

..Reconstruction using vascularized bone graft is the accepted standard in cases of large osseous defects...

We conducted a study of the healing and graft-site morbidity rates for midshaft clavicle nonunions treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) augmented with iliac crest aspiration...

..We described this rare muscular anomaly, the likelihood of finding this muscle, and its participation in supraclavicular nerve entrapment syndrome...

..the nerve injury has been attributed to the location of the supraclavicular nerve branch in a narrow canal in the clavicle. However, in the anatomical literature, variations in the course of the supraclavicular nerves have not only been ..

We report a male cadaver found to have his right intermediate branch of the supraclavicular nerve piercing the clavicle. No other anomalies were found in this specimen...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results after acute treatment of clavicle fractures. We reviewed 139 patients with an average age of 39...

..This biomechanical study compares four different techniques of fixation of middle third clavicular fractures...

Because recent studies have shown that malunited or nonunited clavicle fractures treated nonsurgically have poor outcomes, early fixation of certain clavicle shaft fractures using contemporary implants has become more common...

..The goal of this work was to clarify the morphometric knowledge of these two branches and to discuss the clinical relevance of the anatomical features...

..During 1989 through 1991, 245 patients aged 15 years or older with a radiographically verified fracture of the clavicle were included. Clinical and radiographic examinations were standardized...

b>Clavicle fractures remain one of the more common fractures encountered in the orthopaedic office. Nonoperative management remains the standard of care in most cases...

b>Clavicle fractures are most common in children and young adults, typically occurring in persons younger than 25 years...

..We believe that superiorly applied plate fixation is effective for the treatment of clavicular nonunion. Distant autogenous bone graft is not necessary in most cases to obtain union...

Pain and impaired shoulder function are the predominant symptoms of midshaft clavicle non-unions. Obtaining consolidation and improvement of shoulder function is often successfully achieved with osteosynthesis and bone grafting...

The therapy of the midshaft clavicle fracture, in particular dislocated midshaft fractures, remains controversial. Therefore the objective of this study was to obtain data about the current treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures.

Posterior dislocation of the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint is rare, but can result in severe complications caused by secondary damage to the adjacent structures on relocation...

The anatomic and functional effects of clavicle malunion, defined as 15 mm of shortening, were evaluated in 10 subjects. Bilateral shoulder computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstructions was performed...

..Of these X-rays 699 permitted an assessment of ossification of at least 1 side of the clavicle. In addition to the customary stages (1: non-ossified epiphysis, 2: discernible ossification centre, 3: partial ..

..However, it is often difficult stabilizing small fragments, and there are several complications. The aim of this study was to assess an alternative technique using a Mennen plate...

..the three dimensional shape into cranial and dorsal primary curvatures has shown that two morphological groups of clavicle exist within the genus Homo...

..from rather complete skeletons; some of them preserve the shoulder joint, identified by three scapulae and one clavicle. Comparisons made with other Miocene and living apes ( Proconsul, Equatorius, Ugandapithecus) suggest that the ..

The aim of this study was the examination of relationship between the age and the ossification of medial epiphysis of the clavicle referred to CT examination.

Much is known regarding the epidemiology of clavicle fractures, particularly those of the middle-third and distal clavicle. Medial clavicle fractures are uncommon, and as a result, there is little information available...

..5 mm Universal Locking System Contourable Dual Compression Plate (Locked CDCP) in a synthetic midshaft transverse clavicle fracture model.

..We therefore conclude that for age estimation purposes, the slice thickness should be 1 mm to ensure maximum accuracy and diagnostic reliability...

..purposes of this study, the authors reliably determined the ossification status of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle in 556 cases, using the classification of stages by Schmeling et al...

..techniques involving screws and plate generally position the plate on the superior (subcutaneous) surface of the clavicle. To decrease the risk of screw pull-out and prominence of the instrumentation, we currently perform ..

We report a case of stress fracture of the clavicle associated with sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. A 60-year-old man sustained a stress fracture of the right clavicle with no history of trauma...

Intramedullary fixation is used increasingly to treat clavicular fractures. Anatomical variations in the clavicle of relevance to this procedure are analyzed...

..Osteosynthesis of clavicular fractures is sometimes indicated. Since plate fixation may lead to complications, we have used elastic stable intramedullary nailing and report our experience of midclavicular fractures in 32 adults...

Disability caused by nonunited or malunited fracture of the midshaft clavicle is a rare condition that is expressed by local pain or neurovascular impairment...

The middle third of the clavicle is commonly involved in any injury and account for 5-10% of all fractures in adults. Although non-unions are rare, their treatment has not been well defined yet...

Nonunion is a rare complication of a fracture of the clavicle, but its occurrence can compromise shoulder function...

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..of AO clavicular hook plate in the treatment of dislocation of acromioclavicular joint and fracture of distal clavicle. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 39 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation ..

The differential diagnosis of a fractured clavicle includes acute traumatic fracture, stress fracture, pathologic fracture secondary to radiation exposure, neoplasm, infection, or metabolic bone disease, and fracture-like conditions such ..

BACKGROUND: A clavicle fracture is a common traumatic injury. However, the high percentage of distal clavicle fractures associated with a rupture of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament can result in delayed union or nonunion...

Unstable distal clavicle fractures may benefit from surgical treatment. This report described a new method with transacromial extra-articular Knowles pin fixation to treat these unstable fractures...

Results of surgical treatment for clavicle injuries using standard approaches have shown relatively high complication rates including loss of fixation, persistent nonunion, implant related problems, and the need for subsequent surgeries ..

Pseudarthroses of the clavicle after fractures of the medial third often present with local pain, compromised shoulder function, or neurovascular symptoms...

..minimally invasive solution for type C fractures and as a salvage procedure for failed intramedullary nailing of type A and B fractures is presented here for the first time with a percutaneous application of an LC plate to the clavicle.

..Open reduction was indicated because a maintained closed reduction of the AC joint was unsuccessful, and the described treatment maintained a successful reduction...

..In this Phase I project, we will use an advanced bi-direction wavelet technique to extract the ribs and clavicle bones...

..and loss of one Runx2 allele in mice or human causes Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a skeletal disorder marked by clavicle agenesis and ossification defects...

..In-vivo 3-D full shoulder complex kinematics (thorax, clavicle, scapula, and humerus) during arm elevation will be collected from healthy and symptomatic subjects and ..

..Improving cost effective treatment is relevant to public health. ..