feces

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..By the end of the first year of life, the idiosyncratic microbial ecosystems in each baby, although still distinct, had converged toward a profile characteristic of the adult gastrointestinal tract...

..In this study, we focused on schoolchildren on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, an area where anthelminthic drugs have been repeatedly administered over the past decade...

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors a complex community of bacterial cells in the mucosa, lumen, and feces. Since most attention has been focused on bacteria present in feces, knowledge about the mucosa-associated bacterial ..

A new species of parvovirus, tentatively named human bocavirus 4 (HBoV4), was genetically characterized. Among 641 feces samples obtained from children and adults, the most commonly detected bocavirus species were, in descending order, ..

..This study revealed that seemingly chaotic shifts in the microbiome are associated with life events; however, additional experiments ought to be conducted to assess how different infants respond to similar life events...

..This paper provides evidence for the existence of S. wadsworthensis in human feces from clinical cases of gastrointestinal disorders and in feces from a healthy individual. Furthermore, C...

..We examined 13,355 prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene sequences from multiple colonic mucosal sites and feces of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of gut microbial diversity...

..Our objective was to characterize putative differences in gastrointestinal microbiota between patients with IBS and control subjects. These differences could potentially have a causal relationship with the syndrome...

..We hypothesized in this study that altered GI microbiota contribute to IBS symptoms through increased levels of organic acids...

..Its role in human health deserves further study...

..The aim was to compare the fecal microbiota composition of patients with colitis to that of healthy subjects (HS)...

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..Thus, humans are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of microbial and human attributes...

..Finally, we discuss the future outlook for research avenues and candidate microbial biomarkers that may eventually be used in IBS diagnosis...

..Increasing microbial DNA sequence information will further allow designing of new real-time PCR assays for a more extensive analysis of intestinal microbes in IBS...

..Experimental studies suggest that gut microbiota deviations predispose toward energy storage and obesity...

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..We conclude that diagnostic sensitivity in high transmission areas is maximized by making several stool readings on several days, but examining 1 stool specimen several times can make reasonable estimates of infection intensity...

..We examined gut microbiota composition in early infancy and the subsequent development of atopic manifestations and sensitisation...

..Our results suggest that NEC is associated with severe lack of microbiota diversity that may accentuate the impact of single dominant microorganisms favored by empiric and widespread use of antibiotics...

..g., predicted cellulases, dockerins), and transcriptional activities. These results provide an expanded perspective about features that make each of us unique life forms and directions for future characterization of our gut ecosystems...

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..Clone libraries of amplified 16S rDNA fragments from baby feces were constructed, and these libraries allowed identification of the bacterial types by comparative DNA sequence ..

..lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Low sensitivity of the Kato-Katz for detection of hookworm infection may be related to rapid degeneration of delicate hookworm eggs with time...

..The method allowed microbial community analysis on all levels of microbial genomic guanine plus cytosine (G+C) content, including high G+C bacteria...

..The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of external influences to the gut microbiotic composition in early infancy...

..We have evaluated the microbiome from the feces of 20 commercial, lactating dairy cows.

..7%), and it was not associated with AGE. HBoV2 and HBoV3 are newly discovered bocaviruses, of which HBoV2 is the thirdmost-prevalent virus, after rotavirus and astrovirus, associated with pediatric AGE in this study...

..8 x 10(8) CFU/g in controls; respectively). More subjects need to be studied. The assay is a rapid and reliable method, and it should have great potential for quantitation of other bacteria in the intestinal tract...

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..Further studies are necessary to identify anatomical sites of HBoV2 replication and potential associations with clinical symptoms or disease...

..Accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient management, drug efficacy evaluations, and monitoring of large-scale community-based control programs...

..These findings establish P. t. troglodytes as a natural reservoir of HIV-1...

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..This study provides evidence that modulation of the gut microbiota-host metabolic interrelationship by dietary intervention has the potential to improve mammalian cholesterol homeostasis, which has relevance for cardiovascular health...

..Applying current molecular methods is necessary to surmount the limitations of classical culturing techniques in order to obtain an accurate description of the microbiota composition...

..We set out to assess the responsiveness of the Bristol stool form scale to change in transit time...

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..We conducted the first systematic prospective clinical and molecular study using nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) and fecal samples...

..Several unknown proteins represented previously undescribed microbial pathways or host immune responses, revealing a novel complex interplay between the human host and its associated microbes...

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..Although animal and in vitro studies emphasize the role of the commensal gut microbiota in the development of the immune system, the influence of the gut microbiota on immune development in infants is unclear...

..These rat astroviruses were phylogenetically related to recently discovered human astroviruses MLB1 and MLB2, suggesting that the MLB viruses and these novel rat astroviruses may share a common ancestor...

..GBoV is the first non-human primate bocavirus identified and provides new insights into the genetic diversity and evolution of this highly prevalent and recently discovered group of parvoviruses...

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..Further metagenomic studies of animal samples will greatly increase our knowledge of viral diversity and evolution...

..These data can be of help to future clinical trials (e.g. targeted weaning products) to organize protocols and obtain a more accurate outline of the changes and dynamics of the infant GI microbiota...

..The purpose of this study was to determine patterns and risk factors of helminth infections and anemia in a rural and a peri-urban community of Zanzibar, Tanzania, in the context of national helminth control programs...

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..Thus, increasing colonic iron could select gut microbiota for humans that are unfavorable to the host...

..0001) and mothers (n = 448, OR = 1.95, P = 0.004). Fecal occult blood appears to be useful for measuring morbidity associated with intestinal schistosomiasis and could be used in assessing the impact of control programs upon disease...

..In an effort to identify novel viruses that may be causal agents of diarrhea, we used high throughput mass sequencing to analyze stool samples collected from patients with acute diarrhea...

..CWD detection methods, we have previously identified infectious prions in saliva and blood but not urine or feces of CWD+ donors...

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..We concluded that the MM3-COPRO ELISA combined with the use of CoproGuard may be a very useful tool for the diagnosis of human fascioliasis...

..This study aimed at determining ageing-related shifts in diversity and composition of key members of the fecal microbiota by comparing institutionalized elderly (n = 17, 78-94 years) and young volunteers (n = 17, 18-31 years)...

..3% of these infants defecated less than once a day...

..Viral metagenomics is a useful tool for genetically characterizing viruses present in animals with the known capability of direct or indirect viral zoonosis to humans...

..In addition, the demonstration of VTEC strains in humans, VT gene in faecal samples and E. coli isolates as well as non-O157 VTEC strains of E. coli are being documented for the first time in the country...

..An improved understanding of individual and population transmission dynamics of E. coli O157:H7 can be used to develop preslaughter- and slaughter-level interventions that reduce contamination of the food chain...

..Findings also lend credence to the theory that C bovis may be more host adapted and thus less pathogenic to dairy cattle than C parvum...

..However, unlike decoquinate, halofuginone significantly reduced the excretion of oocysts on day 7 (P<0.0001), and decoquinate increased the average daily weight gain of the calves (P=0.049)...

..To determine the subtypes of stx and eae genes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from calves and to ascertain the typical and atypical nature of EPEC...

..ranged from 5.5 to 23.4%, gastro-intestinal nematodes ranged from 12.7 to 42.6%. In calves, the overall prevalence Eimeria sp. was ranged from 10.0 to 36.8% oocysts and Cryptosporidium sp. 22.8%...

..The effective dose of E. coli O26 for an 80% test sensitivity (ED(80)) was 1.0 x 10(4) CFU g(-1) feces (95% confidence interval, 4.7 x 10(3) to 2.4 x 10(4)). Differences in test sensitivity between different E...

..This research indicates that young steers from the main beef-producing area of Argentina are an important reservoir of STEC strains; however, its importance as agents of human diseases in our country has still to be established...

..In conclusion, BNoV infections are endemic and there are two distinct genotypes with GIII-2 being the main genotype circulating in the calf population in South Korea...

..The results of this study confirm the anticryptosporidial activity of HFL in calves, but show that the outcome of infection following preventive treatment is comparable to that observed in calves treated after the onset of symptoms...

..Only 1 ADD(Feedlot) was given in the 100 days immediately prior to slaughter. There were no associations found between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in this study...

..16), cow age (P = 0.14), or previous cow treatment (P = 0.56). In the calves, resistance to at least 1 antimicrobial was not predicted by whether or not its dam was resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial (P = 0.36)...

..Calves < or = 3 days of age were less likely to be resistance positive than calves > 10 days of age...

..Cultures of rectal feces from 500 animals were screened for VT by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by polymerase chain ..

..natalensis was confirmed by molecular data along with its preferred fasciolid parasite, F. gigantica. Analysis based on a 618 bp sequence of the 28S rRNA gene did not reveal the presence of hybrid fasciolids in our fluke samples...

..coli O157:H7 in feces, are colonized by this organism in the terminal rectum, or develop a humoral response to the respective antigens...

..coli O157. Beginning on d 13, heifers were sampled (feces and RAMS) weekly to monitor fecal pH and starch concentration, and prevalence of E. coli O157. Prevalence of E...

..The STEC strains belonged to a variety of different serogroups, and 70% of the strains were positive for the intimin gene, eae. STEC strains from two of the children were closely related to bovine strains...

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..These findings are discussed with reference to their relevance for strategic control of GI parasites in cattle in communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe...

..Non-O157 STEC were recovered from feces from 12 (14%) of the 84 pens and 12 (57%) of the 21 feedlots by examination of 1 E...

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..The animals surveyed were infected chiefly with nematodes and to a considerably smaller degree with tapeworms and coccidia...

A procedure has been established for screening Escherichia coli O157:H7 from bovine feces. It consists of four steps: enrichment, selective culture, phenotyping and genotyping...

..5% compared to the control group, while the reduction in C. oncophora worm burden was 57%. An additional benefit of the long acting parasitological control, was reduced pasture contamination...

..5 per cent of the calves in the placebo group having liquid diarrhoea compared with 11.5 per cent in the halofuginone lactate group. The treatment was well tolerated and easily administered...

..Bacterial culture techniques commonly used to detect E. coli O157:H7 will not detect other STEC serotypes. Feces from cattle and other animals are a source of O157:H7 and other pathogenic serotypes of STEC...

..The presence of a high-carriage animal at the abattoir increases the potential risk of meat contamination during the slaughtering process, regardless of faecal pH...

..Results from this study indicate that 2% Tasco-14 supplementation in feedlot cattle diets reduces EHEC O157 and EHEC O157:H7 prevalence on hide swabs and in fecal samples and may suppress increases in Salmonella spp...

..No association between calf diarrhea and any of the VTEC serogroups was identified...

..Characterization of the 164 isolates showed a large heterogeneity and animals could be colonized with more than one genotype...

..These findings indicate that viable internal parasite control should be implemented in the study area in order to increase the productivity of the livestock there...

..0055). There was no significant association between the results of the LPS-ELISA on serum samples from dairy cows and their O157 status...

..This parasite appears to be common in Ontario dairy calves and important as a cause of dairy calf scours in the province...

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..In the manure large numbers Eimeria alabamensis oocysts were found. This infection is considered as a case of coccidial diarrhoea in (older) calves at pasture...

..Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated in preslaughter pens of cattle from feces (0.8%), feedbunks (1.7%), water troughs (12%), and incoming water supplies (4...

..in obtaining an ample blood meal, and thus make more likely the transmission of the trypanosome from the insect feces to humans...

..in obtaining an ample blood meal, and thus make more likely the transmission of the trypanosome from the insect feces to humans...

..in obtaining an ample blood meal, and thus make more likely the transmission of the trypanosome from the insect feces to humans...

..ultimate elimination of cholesterol from the body as free cholesterol (FC) or bile acids that are excreted in the feces. Cholesterol associated with excess unmodified LDL as well as the cholesterol removed from the peripheral organs ..

..We will also examine BabA- and BabB-specific antibodies in serum, gastric juice, and feces, as well as histopathology to evaluate inflammation and the topography of infection...

..ANC prepared from hot dog patties manufactured under standard conditions and those giving minimum ANC levels, from feces of rats fed NaNO2 or hot dogs, and from the reaction of glucose with glycine and other amino acids...

Hantaviruses are spread from infected rodents to man in dust particles derived from rodent urine, feces or saliva. Old World hantaviruses were first recognized during the Korean war, infecting thousands of U.S. troops with 10% mortality...

..of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for the quantitation of aflatoxin biomarkers in liver, blood, urine and feces in order to develop for the first time a comprehensive mass balance for the fate of the ultimate carcinogen, exo-..

..of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for the quantitation of aflatoxin biomarkers in liver, blood, urine and feces in order to develop for the first time a comprehensive mass balance for the fate of the ultimate carcinogen, exo-..

..a series of in vitro experiments to (a) analyze biochemical and genetic properties of the bifidobacteria in the feces of infants receiving prebiotic oligosaccharides and/or probiotic microbes and (b) analyze the prebiotic properties ..

..a series of in vitro experiments to (a) analyze biochemical and genetic properties of the bifidobacteria in the feces of infants receiving prebiotic oligosaccharides and/or probiotic microbes and (b) analyze the prebiotic properties ..

..a series of in vitro experiments to (a) analyze biochemical and genetic properties of the bifidobacteria in the feces of infants receiving prebiotic oligosaccharides and/or probiotic microbes and (b) analyze the prebiotic properties ..

..enhanced the flux of cholesterol from macrophages to liver for the final elimination as bile acids into bile and feces providing direct evidence that enhanced CEH-mediated intracellular CE hydrolysis is anti-atherogenic...

..Erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets will also be separated. Urine and feces will be collected until 30 days post dose...

..enhanced the flux of cholesterol from macrophages to liver for the final elimination as bile acids into bile and feces providing direct evidence that enhanced CEH-mediated intracellular CE hydrolysis is anti-atherogenic...

..Erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets will also be separated. Urine and feces will be collected until 30 days post dose...

..The parasite reproduces in cats, and is then excreted. Infected feces are eaten by rodents, in which Toxoplasma forms cysts in muscle and the CNS...

..pylori organisms are present in vomitus, air samples obtained during vomiting, saliva and/or feces. To do this, we intend to conduct a clinical experiment in 30 H. pylori infected volunteers...

..serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) to amplify and detect PrPCWD in saliva, blood, urine, and feces of infected deer...

..Interestingly, certain MNV strains persistently replicate in intestine of WT mice and are shed in feces for weeks despite a significant immune response...

..Interestingly, certain MNV strains persistently replicate in intestine of WT mice and are shed in feces for weeks despite a significant immune response...

..has recurrent leaks onto the lower research floors, exposing personnel to hazardous waste water (primate and swine feces) from the unit and associated plumbing...

..per gram feces and the frequency of recurrent urolithiasis, inflammatory bowel disease and hyperoxaluria/nephrocalcinosis in ..

..To optimize bowel preparation with digital subtraction of opacified feces and controlled gas distention; and 4...

..Infection begins by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with EHEC, often from contact with cattle feces, the primary reservoir of the organism. The extremely infectious dose required for disease, ca...

Fecal incontinence (FI), the involuntary leakage of feces, is a chronic problem with debilitating effects on health and well-being...

..Infection begins by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with EHEC, often from contact with cattle feces, the primary reservoir of the organism. The extremely infectious dose required for disease, ca...