blastoderm

..initiate anterior/posterior patterning in Drosophila bind to overlapping sets of thousands of genomic regions in blastoderm embryos...

..quantitative gene expression data have become available for the segment determination process in the Drosophila blastoderm, revealing a specific instance of canalization...

..with quantitatively different specificities to highly overlapping sets of several thousand genomic regions in blastoderm embryos...

..It colocalizes with non-muscle myosin in embryonic blastoderm of 2-hour-old embryos...

Patterning the dorsal surface of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo requires Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Screw (Scw), two BMP family members...

..hunchback is activated by Bicoid throughout the anterior half of the blastoderm and a Bicoid-binding cis-regulatory element has been identified immediately upstream of the proximal hunchback ..

..otd, ems and btd) on the spatial expression of the segment polarity genes, wg and hh, were analyzed at the late blastoderm stage and during subsequent development...

..Two of the genes, dpp and twi, are unaffected by mutations in any of the tested zygotic dorsal-ventral genes, suggesting that dpp and twi are the primary patterning genes for dorsal ectoderm and mesoderm, respectively...

..The number of nuclei at the cellular blastoderm stage also changed in response to selection, with large-egg selected lines having more than 1000 additional ..

..Understanding the scope and features of chromatin dynamics during embryogenesis, and identifying regulatory elements important for directing developmental processes remain key goals of developmental biology...

..Loss of vfl activity disrupts the pattern of mitotic waves in preblastoderm embryos, elicits asynchronous DNA replication, and causes improper chromosome segregation during mitosis...

..that indicate that the initiation of these programs requires communication between the two sides of the blastoderm. When deprived of either the left or the right lateral halves of the blastoderm, embryos are incapable of ..

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..we report experiments that show that the MSL proteins first associate with the male X chromosome as early as blastoderm stage, slightly earlier than the histone H4 isoform acetylated at lysine 16 is detected on the X chromosome...

..We also show that otd expression responds to the activity of the maternal tor gene at the anterior pole of the embryo...

..from stage 10 through 14 of Drosophila embryogenesis, that is just prior to and during formation of the cellular blastoderm. We have supplemented these studies with data collected from fixed, stained, whole embryos...

..btd is expressed in the syncytial blastoderm embryo in a stripe covering the anlagen of the antennal, intercalary and mandibular head segments...

..Following this approach, we generated a large dataset on the expression of segmentation genes in the Drosophila blastoderm, that is widely used in systems biology studies...

..nuclear divisions, unaccompanied by cytokinesis, to produce a multi-nucleated single cell embryo, the syncytial blastoderm. The syncytium then undergoes a process of cell formation, in which the individual nuclei become enclosed in ..

..The injected FITC-BSA-MWCNTs (at 1-cell stage) were allocated to all blastoderm cells of the embryos through proliferation, and were distinctively excluded from the yolk cell...

..Mutant embryos lacking zld are defective in cellular blastoderm formation, and fail to activate many genes essential for cellularization, sex determination and pattern ..

..This "immature" centriolar morphology was shown to persist throughout embryonic development, clearly demonstrating that these centrioles are able to replicate despite their apparently neotenic structure...

..by whole amount in situ hybridization, revealed that the mRNA emerges and reaches maximum levels at the cellular blastoderm stage and then decreases rapidly to a lower level...

..We demonstrate here that the embryos exhibit nuclear division defects during the precellular blastoderm stage of development...

..Mutant embryos demonstrate that neither protein translationally regulates the other, but the localization of the sry-alpha protein to the hexagonal network is dependent upon nullo...

..is ubiquitously distributed in the egg, Tc-vasa mRNA gradually accumulates at the posterior egg pole during blastoderm formation...

..Furthermore, these data imply that in contrast to the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryo, the cell-based structure of the Achaearanea blastoderm embryo restricts diffusion of cytoplasmic gene ..

The early embryo of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, appears as a single cell layer - the embryonic blastoderm - covering the entire egg...

The variation in the expression patterns of the gap genes in the blastoderm of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster reduces over time as a result of cross regulation between these genes, a fact that we have demonstrated in an ..

..We describe a registration technique that takes image-based data from hundreds of Drosophila blastoderm embryos, each costained for a reference gene and one of a set of genes of interest, and builds a model ..

..To model and thoroughly understand animal transcription networks, it is essential to derive accurate spatial and temporal descriptions of developing gene expression patterns with cellular resolution...

..by diffusion and initiates expression of target genes in a concentration-dependent manner in the syncytial blastoderm. Recent work has emphasized the stability of the Bicoid gradient as a function of egg length and the role of ..

..The nuclear-associated units of ER and Golgi across the syncytial blastoderm produced secretory products that were delivered to the plasma membrane in a spatially restricted fashion across ..

..A correlation between dl protein distribution and embryonic pattern in mutant embryos indicates that the nuclear concentration of the dl protein determines pattern along the dorsoventral axis...

..The DNA sequence CAGGTAG had been implicated in this pre-cellular blastoderm activation of sex-determination genes...

..We analogize pseudocleavage furrow formation in the Drosophila blastoderm with how the mitotic apparatus positions the cleavage furrow for standard cytokinesis, and relate our findings ..

..These results suggest that early stages in the assembly of the ZA are critical for the stability of the polarized blastoderm epithelium.

..formation in Drosophila involves a cascade of maternal and zygotic factors which are spatially restricted in the blastoderm embryo...

..A cascade of segmentation genes patterns the embryo along its anterior-posterior axis via subdivision of the blastoderm. This is in contrast to short and intermediate germband modes of segmentation where the anterior segments are ..

..of integrated data is very close to the expression profiles of individual embryos during the latter part of the blastoderm stage...

..Most of these patterns are driven by non-overlapping regulatory elements, including ones for syncytial blastoderm stage stripes 1 and 5, while a single element specifies both stripes 4 and 6...

..is controlled by several zygotic genes that are positively regulated at the anterior pole of Drosophila blastoderm embryos by the anterior (bicoid) and the terminal (torso) maternal determinants...

..Finally, our models suggest a correlation between timing of gap domain boundary formation and regulatory contributions from the terminal maternal system...

..embryo inversely correlates with the ability to lengthen interphase as the embryo transits from preblastoderm to blastoderm stages and defines the onset of a checkpoint that regulates mitosis when DNA replication is blocked with ..

Germ-line chimerism was successfully induced by blastoderm transplantation from donor triploid crucian carp, which reproduces gynogenetically, to recipient diploid goldfish, which reproduces bisexually...

..To accurately describe gene expression and computationally model animal transcriptional networks, it is essential to determine the changing locations of cells in developing embryos...

..gene encodes at least ten different protein isoforms as a result of complex alternative splicing in precellular blastoderm embryos...

..of maternal morphogen concentration is not sufficient to determine shifting gap domain boundary positions, and suggests that establishing and interpreting positional information are not independent processes in the Drosophila blastoderm.

..and delta ooplasms occurs so that gamma and delta ooplasms become incorporated into the deeper part of the avian blastoderm. These ooplasms seem to contain ooplasmic determinants that initiate either early neurulation or gastrulation ..

..Here, we use a new RNA anchoring assay in living Drosophila blastoderm embryos to show that apical anchoring of mRNA after completion of dynein transport does not depend on actin or ..

..Apical transport and anchoring of wingless and pair-rule transcripts in the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryo is mediated by cytoplasmic Dynein, the major minus end directed microtubule dependent molecular motor...

..bnk, whose expression is restricted to the blastoderm stages of Drosophila embryogenesis, encodes a novel, exceptionally basic protein that specifically colocalizes ..

In the Drosophila embryo at the blastoderm stage, the segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is expressed in a seven-banded pattern...

The process of body prepatterning during Drosophila blastoderm formation relies on the localized activities of zygotic segmentation genes, which are controlled by asymmetrically distributed maternal determinants...

..We speculate that anillin plays a role in organizing and/or stabilizing the cleavage furrow and other cell cycle regulated, contractile domains of the actin cytoskeleton...

..The activities of tailless (tll) and the newly identified gap gene huckebein (hkb) are specifically involved in mediating the maternal terminal information at the posterior end of the blastoderm embryo.

..Experiments with the runt antibody also indicated that the protein is present throughout embryogenesis and is expressed extensively in the developing central and peripheral nervous system...

..to a reprogramming of the blastoderm fate map, we hybridized probes for the segmentation genes fushi tarazu (ftz) and hairy (h) to whole embryos...

During the late cellular blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryo-genesis the segmentation genes engrailed, en, and wingless, wg, become expressed in two series of 14 stripes which will subsequently coincide with the anterior and posterior ..

..coli. The ftz protein was first detectable in blastoderm-stage embryos as seven stripes of nuclei encircling the embryos transversely...

..It is present over both poles and in the midventral region (endoderm and mesoderm anlagen) at cellular blastoderm stage; later in development, it is detected within the mesodermal layer until its differentiation into ..

..This multi-level regulation provides a back-up system that ensures the development of seven stripes in the blastoderm.

..We propose that development of the chick organizer starts earlier than previously thought and that gsc marks this changing cell population...

..We propose that these data favor the model that eve, ftz, and closely related homeo domain proteins act by directly regulating mostly the same target genes...

..Removal of both zygotic and maternal slam results in an earlier defect: a failure to form a cellular blastoderm. Consistent with this phenotype, we found that slam is one of the earliest genes to be transcribed in the embryo,..

..and actomyosin contractility during nuclear divisions, pole cell formation, and cellularization of syncytial blastoderm embryos...

The stripe pattern of pair rule gene expression along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo represents the first sign of periodicity during the process of segmentation...

The peripheral cytoplasm (periplasm) of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo is subdivided into apical and basal compartments by a layer of nuclei...

..The regulation of nullo RNA levels during cycle 14, however, is coupled to the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, which also controls the cessation of rapid, synchronous mitosis just before cellularization...

..Phenotypic analyses of the dop mutation indicate that the gene is required for proper formation of the cellular blastoderm. In embryos derived from either homozygous or hemizygous dop mothers, cytoplasmic clearing, nuclear migration ..

..Mutations in the cad gene that reduce or eliminate the gradient cause abnormal zygotic expression of at least one segmentation gene (fushi tarazu) and alter the global body pattern...

Establishment of segmental pattern in the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryo depends on pair-rule transcriptional regulators...

..avian caudal marginal zone (in comparison with Rauber's sickle), when associated in vitro with different avian blastoderm components...

..stripes of expression of several key segment-polarity genes, one stripe for each parasegment, in the blastoderm stage embryo...

..Transient cotransfection assays suggest that dl activates expression from several promoters in an apparently sequence-independent manner. We discuss the role of nuclear transport as a regulated process in gene expression and development...

..for approximately 2 days): after removal of the autochthonous Rauber's sickle from an unincubated chicken blastoderm, a quail Rauber's sickle was grafted isotopically and isochronically in its place...

..So we drew the conclusion that the BLS obtained from broken blastoderm can be used to amplify avian ES cells so as to initiate a new method of producing transgenic chickens.

Formation of the Drosophila cellular blastoderm involves both membrane invagination and cytoskeletal regulation...

In Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryos, centrosomes specify the position of actin-based interphase caps and mitotic furrows. Mutations in the scrambled locus prevent assembly of mitotic furrows, but do not block actin cap formation...

..More than one cis-regulatory element drives the expression in the anterior domain at the blastoderm stage, in the nervous system, the midline precursor cells and in the amino-serosa...

Pav-KLP is the Drosophila member of the MKLP1 family essential for cytokinesis. In the syncytial blastoderm embryo, GFP-Pav-KLP cyclically associates with astral, spindle, and midzone microtubules and also to actomyosin pseudocleavage ..

..It is restricted to the region enclosed by the spindle envelope during metaphase and anaphase; but by telophase, the lodestar protein is contained entirely within the reforming nucleus...

..Cyp26 is first expressed in the presumptive anterior neural ectoderm and the blastoderm margin at the late blastula...

..These signals were inherited to the primordial germ cells, suggesting that vas-positive cells were primordial germ cells (PGCs) in goldfish...

..temporospatially bound cascade of gastrulation and neurulation phenomena and blood island formation in the avian blastoderm, starting from Rauber's sickle, the primary major organizer with inducing, inhibiting, and dominating potencies...

..gastrulation (sog) gene is expressed in broad lateral stripes comprising the neuroectoderm of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo...

..The production of interspecific germline chimeras between chicken and quail were attempted employing the dissociated cells derived from the blastodermal central disk (stage X) and the germinal crescent region of embryo (stage 7-8)...

..These results stress the importance of careful choice of expression system and of conditions for use in transgenic RNAi-mediated studies of gene function...

..known to be expressed in hypoblast, and retinoic acid, synergistically induce Gnot-1 and Gnot-2 expression in blastoderm cell culture...

..In wild-type embryos, a biphasic activation pattern is observed. At the cellular blastoderm stage high pMad levels are detected only in the dorsal-most cell rows that give rise to amnioserosa...

In syncytial blastoderm Drosophila embryos, actin caps assemble during telophase...

..transcription factor required for controlling the spatial expression of other segmentation genes during early blastoderm stage...

By differential screening of a genomic library, we have cloned a gene expressed specifically during the blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryogenesis...

..To understand the effects of checkpoint activation in a developmental context, we examined the effect of X-rays on post-blastoderm embryos of Drosophila melanogaster.

..Second, hindsight might function both to maintain the amnioserosa and to regulate chemical signaling from the amnioserosa to the epidermal ectoderm, thus coordinating the cell shape changes and movements that drive germ-band retraction...

..We studied esg expression as a probe to investigate the mechanism of neuroectoderm patterning...

..These results reveal a redundant function of oep and ntl in mesoderm formation. Our data suggest that both oep and ntl act in the blastoderm margin to specify mesendodermal cell fates.

..In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate that SHP-2, a vertebrate PTPase similar to Csw and previously implicated in RTK signaling, encodes the functional vertebrate homologue of Csw...

Like serendipity-alpha and nullo, the newly characterized gene bottleneck is involved in organizing the actin cytoskeleton of the Drosophila embryo to achieve the transition from a syncytium to a cellular blastoderm.

..orthologues of Drosophila segmentation genes from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta and have found that the blastoderm expression patterns of these genes show a molecular prepatterning typical of Drosophila...

..In embryos mutant for the various alleles, relative levels of blastoderm expression of Trg (T-related gene, required to establish the hindgut) and of mature hindgut size were determined;..

..14 in Drosophila is characterized by morphological changes that transform the syncytial embryo into a cellular blastoderm, and then into a gastrula with defined cell types organized in a three dimensional pattern...

The blastoderm stage in Drosophila melanogaster is a time of cell determination and dramatic transitions in the cell cycle and in transcription...

..The early stage blastoderm embryos analyzed in these initial studies, however, have a relatively simple structure that is comprised of a ..

..following treatment of embryos with a small molecule that interferes with copper delivery to the developing blastoderm. Specific genes involved in copper homeostasis and function that are critical for prenatal development will be ..

..Heterochromatin is absent from early cleavage nuclei in Drosophila, but present by the cellular blastoderm stage...

..The proposed project has three specific aims: 1) to construct prospective fate maps of the avian blastoderm at stages preceding formation of the definitive neural plate, to examine the relative (and perhaps spatially and ..

..Visualization of secreted, reinternalized Dpp protein indicates that during late blastoderm stage Dpp becomes concentrated in the dorsal 10% of cells by a process of directional diffusion through the ..

..Recently, however, ovo has been shown to be active in a sex-specific manner as early as the blastoderm stage and that mutations in ovo cause a switch in differentiation into the male germ line pathway...

..Vectors tested for Ig expression using chicken lymphoid cell lines will be transfected into Stage X blastoderm cells and these transfected cells used to make chimeric embryos...

..II that occur in phase with mitotic cycles during pseudo cleavage furrow formation in the syncytial Drosophila blastoderm. Preliminary observations and drug experiments in Drosophila implicate rapidly changing arrays of microtubules ..

..The gene half baked (hab) is essential for the process of epiboly, the vegetalwards spreading of the blastoderm to cover the large yolk cell...

..shown that it is an actin-based cytoplasmic transporter involved in membrane remodeling during the syncytial blastoderm stage of development. Subsequently, we have identified myosin VI mutants that affect spermatogenesis...

..the chromatin composition of the trxG-activated and the PcG-silenced Hox target gene Ultrabithorax at very early blastoderm stages of embryo development. During these stages epigenetic maintenance is being established...

..the chromatin composition of the trxG-activated and the PcG-silenced Hox target gene Ultrabithorax at very early blastoderm stages of embryo development. During these stages epigenetic maintenance is being established...

..Mutants do not properly localize B-catenin in dorsal yolk syncytial layer (YSL) or blastoderm margin nuclei, resulting in the absence or very low levels of B-catenin-mediated signaling...