islets of langerhans

Summary

Summary: Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes
    R Paul Robertson
    Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
    J Biol Chem 279:42351-4. 2004
  2. ncbi The ectopic expression of Pax4 in the mouse pancreas converts progenitor cells into alpha and subsequently beta cells
    Patrick Collombat
    Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, D 37077 Gottingen, Germany
    Cell 138:449-62. 2009
  3. ncbi Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes
    Alexandra E Butler
    Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
    Diabetes 52:102-10. 2003
  4. ncbi Free fatty acids and cytokines induce pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis by different mechanisms: role of nuclear factor-kappaB and endoplasmic reticulum stress
    Ilham Kharroubi
    Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, , Route de Lennik, 808 CP 618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
    Endocrinology 145:5087-96. 2004
  5. ncbi Unique arrangement of alpha- and beta-cells in human islets of Langerhans
    Domenico Bosco
    Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    Diabetes 59:1202-10. 2010
  6. ncbi Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets
    N Lumelsky
    Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4092, USA
    Science 292:1389-94. 2001
  7. ncbi Impaired insulin secretion and beta-cell loss in tissue-specific knockout mice with mitochondrial diabetes
    J P Silva
    Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    Nat Genet 26:336-40. 2000
  8. ncbi Impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in beta cell-selective Ca(v)1.2 Ca2+ channel null mice
    Verena Schulla
    Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, TU Munchen, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D 80802 München, Germany
    EMBO J 22:3844-54. 2003
  9. ncbi Glucose, palmitate and pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate production and activity of a phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rat pancreatic islets and a clonal beta cell line
    D Morgan
    Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508 900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Diabetologia 50:359-69. 2007
  10. ncbi Beta-cell glucose toxicity, lipotoxicity, and chronic oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes
    R Paul Robertson
    Pacific Northwest Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
    Diabetes 53:S119-24. 2004

Research Grants

  1. Gene-engineered dendritic cell therapy for diabetics
    Massimo Trucco; Fiscal Year: 2006
  2. Beta Cell Adaptation to Stress in Baboon Pancreas After Partial Pancreatectomy
    Franco Folli; Fiscal Year: 2009
  3. New Solutions to Improve Islet Recovery after Machine Preservation of Pancreas
    Michael Taylor; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Beta Cell Adaptation to Stress in Baboon Pancreas After Partial Pancreatectomy
    FRANCO BATTISTA FOLLI; Fiscal Year: 2010
  5. ENGINEERED GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS
    Christopher Newgard; Fiscal Year: 1993
  6. Prevention of Type I Diabetes Mellitus using a Cell Vac*
    Nick Giannoukakis; Fiscal Year: 2002
  7. Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes with MMP Inhibitors
    David Bleich; Fiscal Year: 2003
  8. Anti-apoptotic gene therapy: Islet allotransplantation
    Nick Giannoukakis; Fiscal Year: 2002
  9. Immune Tolerance Against Type I Diabetes in Mice
    Habib Zaghouani; Fiscal Year: 2007
  10. REGULATORY T AND B CELL CIRCUITS IN TRANSPLANTATION
    Joshua Miller; Fiscal Year: 1993

Detail Information

Publications204 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes
    R Paul Robertson
    Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
    J Biol Chem 279:42351-4. 2004
  2. ncbi The ectopic expression of Pax4 in the mouse pancreas converts progenitor cells into alpha and subsequently beta cells
    Patrick Collombat
    Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, D 37077 Gottingen, Germany
    Cell 138:449-62. 2009
    ....
  3. ncbi Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes
    Alexandra E Butler
    Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
    Diabetes 52:102-10. 2003
    ....
  4. ncbi Free fatty acids and cytokines induce pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis by different mechanisms: role of nuclear factor-kappaB and endoplasmic reticulum stress
    Ilham Kharroubi
    Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, , Route de Lennik, 808 CP 618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
    Endocrinology 145:5087-96. 2004
    ..Our results argue against a unifying hypothesis for the mechanisms of beta-cell death in T1DM and T2DM...
  5. ncbi Unique arrangement of alpha- and beta-cells in human islets of Langerhans
    Domenico Bosco
    Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    Diabetes 59:1202-10. 2010
    ..However, a clear description of human islet architecture has not yet been reported. The aim of this work was to describe our observations on the arrangement of human islet cells...
  6. ncbi Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets
    N Lumelsky
    Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4092, USA
    Science 292:1389-94. 2001
    ..In pancreas, insulin is produced and secreted by specialized structures, islets of Langerhans. Diabetes, which affects 16 million people in the United States, results from abnormal function of ..
  7. ncbi Impaired insulin secretion and beta-cell loss in tissue-specific knockout mice with mitochondrial diabetes
    J P Silva
    Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    Nat Genet 26:336-40. 2000
    ..This animal model reproduces the beta-cell pathology of human mitochondrial diabetes and provides genetic evidence for a critical role of the respiratory chain in insulin secretion...
  8. ncbi Impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in beta cell-selective Ca(v)1.2 Ca2+ channel null mice
    Verena Schulla
    Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, TU Munchen, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D 80802 München, Germany
    EMBO J 22:3844-54. 2003
    ..2 channel. Thus, the conduit of Ca(2+) entry determines the ability of the cation to elicit secretion...
  9. ncbi Glucose, palmitate and pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate production and activity of a phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rat pancreatic islets and a clonal beta cell line
    D Morgan
    Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508 900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Diabetologia 50:359-69. 2007
    ..Acute or chronic exposure of beta cells to glucose, palmitic acid or pro-inflammatory cytokines will result in increased production of the p47(phox) component of the NADPH oxidase and subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)...
  10. ncbi Beta-cell glucose toxicity, lipotoxicity, and chronic oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes
    R Paul Robertson
    Pacific Northwest Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
    Diabetes 53:S119-24. 2004
    ....
  11. ncbi Functional and morphological alterations of mitochondria in pancreatic beta cells from type 2 diabetic patients
    M Anello
    Internal Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania, Ospedale Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy
    Diabetologia 48:282-9. 2005
    ..In particular, UCP-2 expression is increased (probably due to a condition of fuel overload), which leads to lower ATP, decreased ATP/ADP ratio, with consequent reduction of insulin release...
  12. ncbi Functional and molecular defects of pancreatic islets in human type 2 diabetes
    Silvia Del Guerra
    Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Unit, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
    Diabetes 54:727-35. 2005
    ..In this regard, it is suggested that reducing islet cell oxidative stress is a potential target of human type 2 diabetes therapy...
  13. ncbi Regulation of calcium-permeable TRPV2 channel by insulin in pancreatic beta-cells
    Etsuko Hisanaga
    Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
    Diabetes 58:174-84. 2009
    ..Calcium-permeable cation channel TRPV2 is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells. We investigated regulation and function of TRPV2 in beta-cells...
  14. ncbi Obesity and genetics regulate microRNAs in islets, liver, and adipose of diabetic mice
    Enpeng Zhao
    Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
    Mamm Genome 20:476-85. 2009
    ..Understanding the influence that obesity and genetics exert on the regulation of miRNA expression will reveal the role miRNAs play in the context of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes...
  15. ncbi Production of pancreatic hormone-expressing endocrine cells from human embryonic stem cells
    Anne G Bang
    Novocell Inc, 3550 General Atomics Ct, San Diego, California 92121, USA
    Nat Biotechnol 24:1392-401. 2006
    ..Production of these hES cell-derived endocrine cells may represent a critical step in the development of a renewable source of cells for diabetes cell therapy...
  16. ncbi Loss of high-frequency glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations in pancreatic islets correlates with impaired glucose tolerance in Trpm5-/- mice
    Barbara Colsoul
    Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B 3001 Louvain, Belgium
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:5208-13. 2010
    ..As a consequence, glucose-induced insulin release from Trpm5(-/-) pancreatic islets is significantly reduced, resulting in an impaired glucose tolerance in Trpm5(-/-) mice...
  17. ncbi Reduced beta-cell mass and expression of oxidative stress-related DNA damage in the islet of Japanese Type II diabetic patients
    H Sakuraba
    Department of Pathology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562 Japan
    Diabetologia 45:85-96. 2002
    ..CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Japanese Type II diabetic patients show a reduction of beta-cell mass and evidence of increased oxidative stress-related tissue damage that is correlated with the extent of the beta-cell lesions...
  18. ncbi Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition generates proliferative human islet precursor cells
    Marvin C Gershengorn
    Clinical Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 8029, USA
    Science 306:2261-4. 2004
    ....
  19. ncbi Overexpression of uncoupling protein 2 inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat islets
    C B Chan
    Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
    Diabetes 48:1482-6. 1999
    ..These data suggest that increased expression of UCP-2 has the potential to cause the lack of a glucose effect on insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes...
  20. ncbi Autophagy is important in islet homeostasis and compensatory increase of beta cell mass in response to high-fat diet
    Chie Ebato
    Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2 1 1 Hongo, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113 8421, Japan
    Cell Metab 8:325-32. 2008
    ..The results also identified a unique role for inductive autophagy as an adaptive response of beta cells in the presence of insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet...
  21. ncbi Carbonic anhydrase II-positive pancreatic cells are progenitors for both endocrine and exocrine pancreas after birth
    Akari Inada
    Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:19915-9. 2008
    ..This identification of a differentiated pancreatic cell type as an in vivo progenitor of all differentiated pancreatic cell types has implications for a potential expandable source for new islets for replenishment therapy for diabetes...
  22. ncbi Beta-cell adaptation and decompensation during the progression of diabetes
    G C Weir
    Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
    Diabetes 50:S154-9. 2001
    ..Arguments are developed that the beta-cell changes found in diabetes are better correlated with increased glucose levels than with non-esterified fatty acid levels, thus supporting the importance of glucose toxicity...
  23. ncbi Involvement of Per-Arnt-Sim Kinase and extracellular-regulated kinases-1/2 in palmitate inhibition of insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells
    Ghislaine Fontes
    Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Diabetes 58:2048-58. 2009
    ..This study aimed to ascertain the role of extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs)1/2, protein kinase B (PKB), and Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK) in palmitate inhibition of insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells...
  24. ncbi Pancreatic islet amyloidosis, beta-cell apoptosis, and alpha-cell proliferation are determinants of islet remodeling in type-2 diabetic baboons
    Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza
    Department of Medicine Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:13992-7. 2009
    ..The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of IA with metabolic parameters and its effect on islets of Langerhans remodeling and relative endocrine-cell volume in baboons...
  25. ncbi Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats
    Loredana Farilla
    Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
    Endocrinology 143:4397-408. 2002
    ..Our findings provide evidence that the beneficial effects of GLP-1 in Zucker diabetic rats is mediated by an increase in islet cell proliferation and a decrease of cellular apoptosis...
  26. ncbi Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor treatment stimulates beta-cell survival and islet neogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    J Andrew Pospisilik
    Department of Physiology, University of British Columbia, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
    Diabetes 52:741-50. 2003
    ..These novel findings provide evidence to support the potential utility of DP IV inhibitors in the treatment of type 1 and possibly late-stage type 2 diabetes...
  27. ncbi Composite islet-endothelial cell grafts: a novel approach to counteract innate immunity in islet transplantation
    Ulrika Johansson
    Department of Radiology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Sweden
    Am J Transplant 5:2632-9. 2005
    ....
  28. ncbi Enterovirus RNA in serum is a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes: a prospective study. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group
    M Lonnrot
    JDFI Center for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland, Tampere, Finland
    J Med Virol 61:214-20. 2000
    ....
  29. ncbi Direct evidence for the pancreatic lineage: NGN3+ cells are islet progenitors and are distinct from duct progenitors
    Guoqiang Gu
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
    Development 129:2447-57. 2002
    ..5 (E9.5-E11.5). These findings suggest that lineages for exocrine, endocrine islet and duct progenitors are committed at mid-gestation...
  30. ncbi Persistent improvement of type 2 diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat model by expansion of the beta-cell mass during the prediabetic period with glucagon-like peptide-1 or exendin-4
    Cécile Tourrel
    LPPN, CNRS UMR 7059, Universite Paris 7, Paris, France
    Diabetes 51:1443-52. 2002
    ..Under these conditions, GLP-1 represents a unique tool because of its beta-cell replenishing effect in spontaneously diabetic rodents. It may prove to be an invaluable agent for the prevention of human type 2 diabetes...
  31. ncbi Differing activities of homeostatic chemokines CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL12 in lymphocyte and dendritic cell recruitment and lymphoid neogenesis
    Sanjiv A Luther
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0414, USA
    J Immunol 169:424-33. 2002
    ....
  32. ncbi Preservation of human islet cell functional mass by anti-oxidative action of a novel SOD mimic compound
    Rita Bottino
    Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunogenetics, Diabetes Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
    Diabetes 51:2561-7. 2002
    ..The ability to preserve functional islets without a dramatic loss represents a major advantage considering the scarce availability of islet tissue for clinical transplantation...
  33. ncbi Tomographic molecular imaging and 3D quantification within adult mouse organs
    Tomas Alanentalo
    Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umea University, S 901 87, Umea, Sweden
    Nat Methods 4:31-3. 2007
    ..Using the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, we demonstrate a correlation between total islet beta-cell volume and the onset of type-1 diabetes...
  34. ncbi Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes
    Bradford B Lowell
    Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 99 Brookline Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Science 307:384-7. 2005
    ..Emerging evidence supports the potentially unifying hypothesis that both of these prominent features of type 2 diabetes are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction...
  35. ncbi NKT cells inhibit the onset of diabetes by impairing the development of pathogenic T cells specific for pancreatic beta cells
    Lucie Beaudoin
    INSERM U561, , 75014, Paris, France
    Immunity 17:725-36. 2002
    ..These CD4(+) T cells did not induce significant insulitis and were unable to destroy the beta cells. Thus, NKT cells prevent alphabeta CD4 T cell differentiation into effector cells...
  36. ncbi Prospective study of enteroviral infections and development of beta-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY)
    Patricia M Graves
    Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract 59:51-61. 2003
    ..Further study is needed to assess whether persistent or repeated EV infections occur frequently in individuals with beta-cell autoimmunity...
  37. ncbi Isolation of enterovirus strains from children with preclinical Type 1 diabetes
    K K Salminen
    Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Center for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland
    Diabet Med 21:156-64. 2004
    ..To develop methods for isolation of enterovirus strains from subjects with preclinical Type 1 diabetes and evaluate if their presence in stools is associated with beta-cell damage...
  38. ncbi Cell-replacement therapy for diabetes: Generating functional insulin-producing tissue from adult human liver cells
    Tamar Sapir
    The Endocrine Institute, The Institute for Pathology, and The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:7964-9. 2005
    ..Inducing developmental redirection of adult liver offers the potential of a cell-replacement therapy for diabetics by allowing the patient to be the donor of his own insulin-producing tissue...
  39. ncbi Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation by glucose of islet beta cell gene expression
    G da Silva Xavier
    Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, United Kingdom
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:4023-8. 2000
    ..These data suggest that glucose-induced changes in AMPK activity are necessary and sufficient for the regulation of the L-PK gene by the sugar and also play an important role in the regulation of the PPI promoter...
  40. ncbi Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB beta)
    H Cho
    Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Science 292:1728-31. 2001
    ..These data establish Akt2 as an essential gene in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis...
  41. ncbi Islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, and the toxic oligomer hypothesis
    Leena Haataja
    Larry Hillblom Islet Research Center, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 900 Weyburn Place A, Los Angeles, California 90024 2852, USA
    Endocr Rev 29:303-16. 2008
    ....
  42. ncbi Nitric oxide mediates cytokine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by human islets of Langerhans
    J A Corbett
    Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:1731-5. 1993
    ....
  43. ncbi The diabetes gene Pdx1 regulates the transcriptional network of pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells in mice
    Jennifer M Oliver-Krasinski
    Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    J Clin Invest 119:1888-98. 2009
    ....
  44. ncbi Induction of pancreatic differentiation by signals from blood vessels
    E Lammert
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
    Science 294:564-7. 2001
    ..These results indicate that vessels not only provide metabolic sustenance, but also provide inductive signals for organ development...
  45. ncbi A choice of death--the signal-transduction of immune-mediated beta-cell apoptosis
    D L Eizirik
    Gene Expression Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
    Diabetologia 44:2115-33. 2001
    ..A detailed characterization of these "gene modules", and of the signalling pathways and transcription factors regulating them could allow us to understand the ultimate mechanisms leading to beta-cell apoptosis...
  46. ncbi beta-Cell function: a key pathological determinant in polycystic ovary syndrome
    Mark O Goodarzi
    Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles 90095, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:310-5. 2005
    ....
  47. ncbi Suppression of Alk8-mediated Bmp signaling cell-autonomously induces pancreatic beta-cells in zebrafish
    Won Suk Chung
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, The Liver Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:1142-7. 2010
    ..These results provide important unique insight into the intercellular signaling environment necessary for in vivo and in vitro generation of beta-cells...
  48. ncbi Sustained Neurog3 expression in hormone-expressing islet cells is required for endocrine maturation and function
    Sui Wang
    Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:9715-20. 2009
    ..These findings demonstrate that Neurog3 is required not only for initiating endocrine cell differentiation, but also for promoting islet cell maturation and maintaining islet function...
  49. ncbi Positron-emission tomography imaging of early events after transplantation of islets of Langerhans
    Christian Toso
    Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
    Transplantation 79:353-5. 2005
    ..Ex vivo labeling of islets and imaging of posttransplant early events were feasible. Islets engrafted exclusively in the liver. No islet loss could be demonstrated 6 hours after transplantation...
  50. ncbi Use and abuse of HOMA modeling
    Tara M Wallace
    Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K
    Diabetes Care 27:1487-95. 2004
    ..However, as with all models, the primary input data need to be robust, and the data need to be interpreted carefully...
  51. ncbi In vitro differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells into cells with pancreatic phenotype by regenerating pancreas extract
    Jiyeon Lee
    Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138 736, Republic of Korea
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 375:547-51. 2008
    ..In conclusion, hASCs have the characteristics of ESCs and the potential to differentiate into pancreas cell lineages phenotypically in response to RPE...
  52. ncbi p16INK4a induces an age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential
    Janakiraman Krishnamurthy
    Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
    Nature 443:453-7. 2006
    ..These genetic data support the view that an age-induced increase of p16INK4a expression limits the regenerative capacity of beta-cells with ageing...
  53. ncbi Cluster analysis of rat pancreatic islet gene mRNA levels after culture in low-, intermediate- and high-glucose concentrations
    M Bensellam
    Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55 UCL5530, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
    Diabetologia 52:463-76. 2009
    ..In vitro, culture in 10 rather than 2 mmol/l glucose improves rodent beta cell survival and function, whereas glucose concentrations above 10 mmol/l are deleterious...
  54. ncbi The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 links insulin signaling to Pdx1 regulation of pancreatic beta cell growth
    Tadahiro Kitamura
    Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
    J Clin Invest 110:1839-47. 2002
    ..We propose that insulin/IGFs regulate beta cell proliferation by relieving Foxo1 inhibition of Pdx1 expression in a subset of cells embedded within pancreatic ducts...
  55. ncbi Protection of human islets from induction of apoptosis and improved islet function with HO-1 gene transduction
    Yong-xiang Li
    Department of Urology and Center of Renal Transplantation, Shanghai Organ Transplant and Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200085, China
    Chin Med J (Engl) 119:1639-45. 2006
    ..The HO-1 gene also appears to facilitate insulin release from human islets. Transduction of donor islets with the adenovirus vector containing an HO-1 gene might have potential value in clinical islet transplantation...
  56. ncbi Regulation of type 1 diabetes by NKT cells
    Jan Novak
    INSERM U561, Universite Rene Descartes, Hôpital Cochin Saint Vincent de Paul Paris France
    Int Rev Immunol 26:49-72. 2007
    ..Various mechanisms are involved in the protective effect of NKT cells. The goal is now to translate knowledge gained from mouse models into human therapeutics...
  57. ncbi MicroRNA expression is required for pancreatic islet cell genesis in the mouse
    Francis C Lynn
    Diabetes Center, Hormone Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 0534, USA
    Diabetes 56:2938-45. 2007
    ..We tested the hypothesis that microRNAs (miRNAs), which limit gene expression through posttranscriptional silencing, modulate the gene expression cascades involved in pancreas development...
  58. ncbi Incompatibility between human blood and isolated islets of Langerhans: a finding with implications for clinical intraportal islet transplantation?
    W Bennet
    Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
    Diabetes 48:1907-14. 1999
    ..Thus, exposure of isolated islets of Langerhans to allogenic blood resulted in significant damage to the islets, a finding that could explain the ..
  59. ncbi A switch from prohormone convertase (PC)-2 to PC1/3 expression in transplanted alpha-cells is accompanied by differential processing of proglucagon and improved glucose homeostasis in mice
    Rhonda D Wideman
    Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    Diabetes 56:2744-52. 2007
    ..We hypothesized that alteration of PC expression in alpha-cells might convert the alpha-cell from a hyperglycemia-promoting cell to one that would improve glucose homeostasis...
  60. ncbi Attenuation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Zucker diabetic fatty rat: the effects of stress and non-volitional exercise
    Michael A Kiraly
    Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Metabolism 56:732-44. 2007
    ..In summary, both exercise and sham treatment delay the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male ZDF rat by distinct mechanisms related to pancreatic function and improvements in peripheral glucose disposal...
  61. ncbi The human insulin gene displays transcriptionally active epigenetic marks in islet-derived mesenchymal precursor cells in the absence of insulin expression
    Vesco Mutskov
    Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Stem Cells 25:3223-33. 2007
    ..This epigenetic signature may be a general mechanism whereby tissue-derived precursor cells are committed to a distinct specification. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article...
  62. ncbi High glucose causes apoptosis in cultured human pancreatic islets of Langerhans: a potential role for regulation of specific Bcl family genes toward an apoptotic cell death program
    M Federici
    Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
    Diabetes 50:1290-301. 2001
    ..These data suggest that in human islets, high glucose may modulate the balance of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl proteins toward apoptosis, thus favoring beta-cell death...
  63. ncbi Islet regeneration during the reversal of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice
    Shohta Kodama
    Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Room 3602, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    Science 302:1223-7. 2003
    ..Treatment with irradiated splenocytes is also followed by islet regeneration, but at a slower rate. The islets generated in both instances are persistent, functional, and apparent in all NOD hosts with permanent disease reversal...
  64. ncbi Metabolic stability, receptor binding, cAMP generation, insulin secretion and antihyperglycaemic activity of novel N-terminal Glu9-substituted analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1
    Brian D Green
    School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
    Biol Chem 384:1543-51. 2003
    ..These observations indicate the importance of Glu9 for the biological activity of GLP-1 and susceptibility to DPP IV-mediated degradation...
  65. ncbi Factors influencing insulin secretion from encapsulated islets
    Bart J de Haan
    Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
    Cell Transplant 12:617-25. 2003
    ..We conclude that capsules containing small islets (90-120 microm) and a membrane with a lower permeability than routinely applied is preferred in order to obtain a graft with adequate glucose-induced insulin responses...
  66. ncbi Development of an ectopic site for islet transplantation, using biodegradable scaffolds
    Jannette M Dufour
    Surgical-Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    Tissue Eng 11:1323-31. 2005
    ..Therefore, islets in scaffolds function and restore diabetic animals to normoglycemic levels, similar to islets transplanted underneath the kidney capsule, suggesting scaffolds can be used to create a site for islet transplantation...
  67. ncbi The pathophysiology of diabetes involves a defective amplification of the late-phase insulin response to glucose by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide-regardless of etiology and phenotype
    T Vilsbøll
    Department of Internal Medicine F, Gentofte Hospital, DK 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4897-903. 2003
    ..In conclusion, lack of GIP amplification of the late-phase plasma insulin response to glucose seems to be a consequence of diabetes mellitus, characterizing most, if not all, forms of diabetes...
  68. ncbi NN414, a SUR1/Kir6.2-selective potassium channel opener, reduces blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance in the VDF Zucker rat
    Richard D Carr
    Department of Pharmacological Research I, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
    Diabetes 52:2513-8. 2003
    ..NN414 may therefore represent a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes...
  69. ncbi Ontogeny of regeneration of beta-cells in the neonatal rat after treatment with streptozotocin
    Sandra Thyssen
    Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
    Endocrinology 147:2346-56. 2006
    ..The target cells of GLP-1 probably include immature beta-cells that coexpress proglucagon...
  70. ncbi Allosteric activators of glucokinase: potential role in diabetes therapy
    Joseph Grimsby
    Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
    Science 301:370-3. 2003
    ..These findings may lead to the development of new drug therapies for diabetes...
  71. ncbi Glucose stimulation of cytochrome C reduction and oxygen consumption as assessment of human islet quality
    Ian R Sweet
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 7710, USA
    Transplantation 80:1003-11. 2005
    ..We hypothesize that glucose-stimulated cytochrome c reduction and oxygen consumption by human islets can be used as predictors of transplant success...
  72. ncbi Medicine. Drug deals diabetes a one-two punch
    Jennifer Couzin
    Science 301:290. 2003
  73. ncbi Inosine protects against the development of diabetes in multiple-low-dose streptozotocin and nonobese diabetic mouse models of type 1 diabetes
    Jon G Mabley
    Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corp, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
    Mol Med 9:96-104. 2003
    ..The use of inosine should be considered as a potential preventative therapy in humans susceptible to developing Type 1 diabetes and as a possible antirejection therapy for islet transplant recipients...
  74. ncbi Improved islet yield and function with ductal injection of University of Wisconsin solution before pancreas preservation
    Toshiya Sawada
    Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Transplantation 75:1965-9. 2003
    ..05, group 2 vs. group 3 and group 4 vs. group 5). CONCLUSIONS: Ductal preservation improved islet yield and function after 6 and 24 hr of preservation. Well-preserved pancreatic ducts maintained good distribution of collagenase solution...
  75. ncbi Development of islet-like cell clusters after pancreas transplantation in the spontaneously diabetic Torri rat
    Gang Miao
    Department of Surgery (E1, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    Am J Transplant 5:2360-7. 2005
    ..Our results demonstrate the development of duct-derived beta cells in the pancreas of type 2 diabetic recipients after PTx...
  76. ncbi Effects of ghrelin on insulin and glucagon secretion: a study of isolated pancreatic islets and intact mice
    Albert Salehi
    Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiological Sciences, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
    Regul Pept 118:143-50. 2004
    ..However, the narrow "window" of circulating ghrelin concentrations makes this doubtful...
  77. ncbi Adult bone marrow-derived cells trans-differentiating into insulin-producing cells for the treatment of type I diabetes
    Seh-Hoon Oh
    Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA
    Lab Invest 84:607-17. 2004
    ..cells formed aggregates that, upon transplantation into mice, acquired architecture similar to islets of Langerhans. These aggregates showed endocrine gene expression for insulin (I and II), glucagon, somatostatin and ..
  78. ncbi Generation of islet-like hormone-producing cells in vitro from adult human pancreas
    Fouad Atouf
    Islet and Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1453, USA
    Cell Transplant 14:735-48. 2005
    ....
  79. ncbi Analysis of rat insulin II promoter-ghrelin transgenic mice and rat glucagon promoter-ghrelin transgenic mice
    Hiroshi Iwakura
    Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
    J Biol Chem 280:15247-56. 2005
    ..The present study raises the possibility that desacyl ghrelin may have influence on glucose metabolism...
  80. ncbi The HNF-1 target collectrin controls insulin exocytosis by SNARE complex formation
    Kenji Fukui
    Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565 0871, Japan
    Cell Metab 2:373-84. 2005
    ..Therefore, collectrin is a regulator of SNARE complex function, which thereby controls insulin exocytosis...
  81. ncbi Essential role of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity revealed by conditional gene knockout
    Pascale Bardoux
    Institut Cochin, U567 INSERM, UMR8104 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Rene Descartes, Department GDPM, 24 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques 75014 Paris, France
    Diabetes 54:1357-63. 2005
    ..Altered insulin secretion was associated with peripheral insulin resistance in whole animals. It can be concluded that COUP-TFII is a new, important regulator of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity...
  82. ncbi Overexpression of a dominant negative GIP receptor in transgenic mice results in disturbed postnatal pancreatic islet and beta-cell development
    Nadja Herbach
    Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
    Regul Pept 125:103-17. 2005
    ..These findings demonstrate in vivo evidence that intact signaling of G-protein coupled receptors is involved in postnatal islet and beta-cell development and neogenesis of the pancreatic islets...
  83. ncbi Effect of donor age on function of isolated human islets
    Sung-Hee Ihm
    Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MMC 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Diabetes 55:1361-8. 2006
    ..These results show that insulin secretory response to glucose deteriorates with increasing age and that it may be related to changes in ATP generation in beta-cells...
  84. ncbi Factors influencing functional survival of microencapsulated islet grafts
    Paul De Vos
    Transplantation Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
    Cell Transplant 13:515-24. 2004
    ..Our observations indicate that we should focus on reduction of macrophage activation and on improving the nutrition of encapsulated islets to prevent islet cell death...
  85. ncbi XIAP overexpression in islet beta-cells enhances engraftment and minimizes hypoxia-reperfusion injury
    Juliet Emamaullee
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
    Am J Transplant 5:1297-305. 2005
    ..21 days for Ad-betaGal transduced cells. This approach may allow more efficient use of the limited existing supply of human islets...
  86. ncbi Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia
    Isabel Matias
    Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples, Italy
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:3171-80. 2006
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral endocannabinoid overactivity might explain why CB(1) blockers cause weight-loss independent reduction of lipogenesis, of hypoadiponectinemia, and of hyperinsulinemia in obese animals and humans...
  87. ncbi Embryonic pig pancreatic tissue transplantation for the treatment of diabetes
    Smadar Eventov-Friedman
    Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
    PLoS Med 3:e215. 2006
    ....
  88. ncbi Oral probiotic administration induces interleukin-10 production and prevents spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse
    F Calcinaro
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
    Diabetologia 48:1565-75. 2005
    ..Our results provide a sound rationale for future clinical trials of the primary prevention of type 1 diabetes by oral VSL#3 administration...
  89. ncbi Analysis of morphological and functional maturation of neoislets generated in vitro from pancreatic ductal cells and their suitability for islet banking and transplantation
    M R Katdare
    National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
    J Endocrinol 182:105-12. 2004
    The pancreatic ductal stem cells are known to differentiate into islets of Langerhans; however, their yield is limited and the islet population is not defined...
  90. ncbi Glucose-dependent expansion of pancreatic beta-cells by the protein p8 in vitro and in vivo
    Gunter Path
    Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Dept of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291:E1168-76. 2006
    ..These results establish p8 as a novel molecular mediator of glucose-induced pancreatic beta-cell expansion in vitro and in vivo and support the notion of existing beta-cell replication in the adult organism...
  91. ncbi Intrahepatic transplanted islets in humans secrete insulin in a coordinate pulsatile manner directly into the liver
    Juris J Meier
    Larry Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, 24 130 Warren Hall, 900 Veteran Ave, 90095 7073, USA
    Diabetes 55:2324-32. 2006
    ..In conclusion, intrahepatic islet transplantation effectively restores the liver to pulsatile insulin delivery...
  92. ncbi Bezafibrate on lipids and glucose metabolism in obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats
    Dongmei Jia
    Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
    Metabolism 53:405-13. 2004
    ....
  93. ncbi Small rat islets are superior to large islets in in vitro function and in transplantation outcomes
    R R MacGregor
    Dept. of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Univ. of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290:E771-9. 2006
    ..The results indicate that small islets are superior to large islets in in vitro testing and for transplantation into the kidney capsule of diabetic rats...
  94. ncbi Genistein and daidzein prevent diabetes onset by elevating insulin level and altering hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzyme activities in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice
    M S Choi
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702 701, Republic of Korea
    Diabetes Metab Res Rev 24:74-81. 2008
    ..This study investigated the beneficial effects of genistein and daidzein on IDDM, an autoimmune disease...
  95. ncbi Mapping of murine diabetogenic gene mody on chromosome 7 at D7Mit258 and its involvement in pancreatic islet and beta cell development during the perinatal period
    T Kayo
    Department of Hygiene, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010, Japan
    J Clin Invest 101:2112-8. 1998
    ..01 for homozygotes, 0.54 for heterozygotes, and 1.11 for wild-type mice on day 14. These results suggest that Mody is involved in both islet growth and beta cell function...
  96. ncbi Defective insulin secretion in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha-deficient mice
    M Pontoglio
    Department des Biotechnologies, Unité de Recherche Associée 1644 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
    J Clin Invest 101:2215-22. 1998
    ..These results provide further evidence in support of a key role for HNF-1alpha in the maintenance of normal beta cell function...
  97. ncbi Isolation, transplantation, and functional studies of adult porcine islets of Langerhans
    Thomas Buschmann Nielsen
    Department of Medical Endocrinology/Biomedical Laboratory, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
    Comp Med 52:127-35. 2002
    Transplantation of islets of Langerhans is a possible treatment for type-I diabetes mellitus. However, there is a shortage of donors for such transplantations and the pig may be an alternative source of donor organs...
  98. ncbi Combination therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastrin induces beta-cell neogenesis from pancreatic duct cells in human islets transplanted in immunodeficient diabetic mice
    Wilma L Suarez-Pinzon
    Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    Cell Transplant 17:631-40. 2008
    ....
  99. ncbi Cryopreservation and xenotransplantation studies of microencapsulated rat pancreatic islets
    Bao-guo Li
    Institute of Cryobiological Engineering, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, No.516 Jun Gong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
    Cryo Letters 23:47-54. 2002
    b>Islets of Langerhans were isolated from the Sprague Dawley rat pancreas digested by injected collagenase, and purified by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation...
  100. ncbi Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia have additive effects on activation and proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells: possible explanation of islet-specific fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Oak kee Hong
    Immunology and Cell Biology Core Laboratory, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
    J Cell Biochem 101:665-75. 2007
    ..Thus, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are two crucial mitogenic factors that activate and proliferate PSCs, and the presence of both states will amplify this response...
  101. ncbi Survival of an islet allograft deficient in iNOS after implantation into diabetic NOD mice
    Andreas Börjesson
    Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
    Cell Transplant 15:769-75. 2006
    ....

Research Grants82

  1. Gene-engineered dendritic cell therapy for diabetics
    Massimo Trucco; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..disease whose etiopathogenesis lies in the selective destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas...
  2. Beta Cell Adaptation to Stress in Baboon Pancreas After Partial Pancreatectomy
    Franco Folli; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Deposition of islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide (IAPP) in the islets of Langerhans is the characteristic feature of human type 2 diabetic pancreas but represents the final stage of a process started long before...
  3. New Solutions to Improve Islet Recovery after Machine Preservation of Pancreas
    Michael Taylor; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Transplantation of islets of Langerhans for the clinical treatment of Type I diabetes has had a resurgence of interest due to results obtained using the "Edmonton protocol"...
  4. Beta Cell Adaptation to Stress in Baboon Pancreas After Partial Pancreatectomy
    FRANCO BATTISTA FOLLI; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Deposition of islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide (IAPP) in the islets of Langerhans is the characteristic feature of human type 2 diabetic pancreas but represents the final stage of a process started long before...
  5. ENGINEERED GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS
    Christopher Newgard; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..secretion occurs as a result of, and in proportion to, the rate of glucose metabolism in beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans. This proposal seeks to utilize techniques of molecular biology to alter the rate and regulation of glucose ..
  6. Prevention of Type I Diabetes Mellitus using a Cell Vac*
    Nick Giannoukakis; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..disease whose etiopathogenesis lies in the selective destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas...
  7. Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes with MMP Inhibitors
    David Bleich; Fiscal Year: 2003
    Lymphocyte infiltrates in the islets of Langerhans, "insulitis", is a characteristic hallmark of immune-mediated diabetes in rodent models and human beings...
  8. Anti-apoptotic gene therapy: Islet allotransplantation
    Nick Giannoukakis; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease that specifically targets the pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in a T-lymphocyte-mediated destruction...
  9. Immune Tolerance Against Type I Diabetes in Mice
    Habib Zaghouani; Fiscal Year: 2007
    Type I diabetes (T1D) is a spontaneous autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of langerhans are destroyed as a consequence of inflammatory reactions triggered by genetic and environmental factors...
  10. REGULATORY T AND B CELL CIRCUITS IN TRANSPLANTATION
    Joshua Miller; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..vitro T cell lymphoproliferative reactions to purified suspensions of kidney tubular cells and cells from Islets of Langerhans, the latter complementing our clinical trial recently reinstituted of islet transplantation in type I ..
  11. Myt1 Function for Endocrine Islet Development & Fuction
    Guoqiang Gu; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..digestive enzymes to the duodenum; four types of endocrine cells ( 13,5, and PP cells) form endocrine islets of Langerhans, which secrete endocrine hormones to regulate a variety of physiological processes...
  12. Pre-Conditioning Pancreatic Islets for Transplantation
    Ginny Bumgardner; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..children and young adults which results from thedestruction of insulin-producing beta (beta) cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas...
  13. PANCREATIC HORMONES
    DONALD STEINER; Fiscal Year: 1990
    ..biological mechanisms underlying the production and actions of insulin and related peptide hormones of the islets of Langerhans, including their genetic basis, evolution origins and disorders which may contribute to the pathophysiology ..
  14. Gene transfer with A20 to improve islet transplantation
    Christiane Ferran; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..the first series of successful islet transplantation in Edmonton Canada reestablished transplantation of islets of Langerhans as a viable therapeutic option for the cure of type I diabetes...
  15. LYMPHOTOXIN AND LYMPHOID NEOGENESIS
    NANCY RUDDLE; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIPLT mouse) that expresses LTalpha constitutively in the islets of Langerhans, the kidney, and skin, exhibit inflammation at the sites of transgene expression that has many ..
  16. Real-Time Analyses of Apoptosis in Human Beta Cells
    Michael Roe; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Our preliminary experiments in MIN6 cells and in mouse islets of Langerhans indicate that ER stress induced by disruption of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity ..
  17. Antigens Recognized by CD8+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
    Teresa Dilorenzo; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..is an autoimmune disease resulting from destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Insulin injections allow for continuation of life for the one million Americans afflicted with type 1 ..
  18. METABOLISM OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND HORMONE RELEASE
    Franz Matschinsky; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ....
  19. Molecular Phenotyping of NOD Mice
    Ivan Gerling; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In this competitive renewal application we propose to shift the focus from islets of Langerhans to lymphocytes. We will characterize lymphocytes in great details...
  20. Molecular Phenotyping of NOD Mice
    Ivan C Gerling; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..In this competitive renewal application we propose to shift the focus from islets of Langerhans to lymphocytes. We will characterize lymphocytes in great details...
  21. METABOLISM OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND HORMONE RELEASE
    Franz Matschinsky; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ....
  22. PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS AND BETA CELL SECRETION
    Walter Zawalich; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..b>Islets of Langerhans contain the three major isozymes of PLC(beta1, gamma1 and delta1) and the calcium- dependent PKC isozyme, ..
  23. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in exocrine pancreas developoment and regeneration
    LEWIS MURTAUGH; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The endocrine pancreas includes insulin-producing beta cells, resident in the islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine pancreas comprises digestive enzyme-secreting acinar cells and the ducts through which ..