intrahepatic bile ducts

..The most effective regimen is 25 mg kg(-1) three times daily (total dose, 75 mg kg(-1)) administered orally at 5- to 6-h intervals over a single day. Prevention and control measures are also discussed...

..Particular focus is on recent studies into the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of the disease, recent chemotherapy trials, and newer methods of staging and screening for this devastating malignancy...

..To present the background of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand focusing on recent epidemiological data and pathogenesis of this bile duct cancer...

..Some data, however, point to a potential role for chronic liver disease, hepatitis C, and probably hepatitis B infections in the development of ICC...

..8%, respectively. In conclusion, there has been a marked increase in the incidence and mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States in recent years. This tumor continues to be associated with a poor prognosis...

A number of diseases are characterized by defective formation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. In the embryo, hepatoblasts differentiate to cholangiocytes, which give rise to the bile ducts...

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Alagille syndrome, a chronic hepatobiliary disease, is characterized by paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs)...

..To assess long-term survival and prognostic factors in a large series of patients with bile duct cancer...

..g., pancreatic polypeptide), and (epi-)genetic lesions (e.g., K- ras and p53 mutations, p16 (INK4a) or p14 (ARF) promoter hypermethylation). In this article we discuss these new potential tumor markers for the diagnosis of CC...

The formation of a communication between liver abscesses or cysts and intrahepatic bile ducts is an uncommon cause of significant bile leak. Surgical management of biliary fistulas is associated with high morbidity and mortality...

..The most common histological features were tubular pattern of growth (82%) and abundant fibrous stroma. Metastases were particularly associated with the lymph nodes (41%), skeleton (26%) and lungs (16%)...

..However, little is known about which is the better option in patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. We compared the clinical outcomes of these 2 methods of biliary decompression in these patients...

..Immunostaining showed that basement membrane expression of laminin and type IV collagen around intrahepatic bile ducts was degraded in CHF, Caroli's disease, and the PCK rats...

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..the presence of mitochondria in virtually all nucleated cells, the destruction in PBC is limited to small intrahepatic bile ducts. The reasons for this tissue specificity remain unknown, although biliary epithelial cells (BECs) ..

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by the highly selective autoimmune injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts, despite widespread distribution of mitochondrial autoantigens...

..Such LTA may be involved in the development and progression of portal tract lesions, particularly bile duct lesions, in PBC...

..We suggest that these trends are largely caused by developments in imaging technology, improvements in patient selection, and advances in surgical techniques...

..Inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene p16 (CDKN2/MTS-1/INK4A) and K-ras mutations are among the most frequent genetic alterations in human malignancies...

..We evaluated hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and liver cirrhosis as risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC)...

..The response-predicting mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR gene have recently been detected in non-small cell lung cancers. This study was, therefore, to investigate if these mutations are also found in cholangiocarcinomas...

..4%), was not associated with gene amplification. It is proposed that the new adjuvant chemotherapies could be directed to carcinomas of the biliary tract in which ErbB-2 and EGFR are overexpressed...

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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare type of primary liver cancer (PLC) arising from intrahepatic bile ducts. We carried out a case-control study to assess the association between ICC and hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) ..

..aims of this study were to determine the possible alteration of mucin gene expression in stone-containing intrahepatic bile ducts and cholangiocarcinomas and to try to predict whether or not hepatolithiasis has a predisposition to ..

..CONCLUSION: Clonorchis sinensis infection is related to aberrant COX-2 expression in patients with CC. However, COX-2 expression is not related to clinical outcome in CC patients...

..The aim of this clinicopathological study was to investigate the overexpression and co-expression of EGFR and related signaling proteins in cholangiocarcinoma and explore their relationship to clinical outcome...

..This study suggests that EGFR and MMP-9 are associated with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatolithiasis...

..Our in vivo results further suggest celecoxib might have potential therapeutic or chemopreventive value against ChC...

..5 yr, which is dramatically higher than the rates in the general population. Variceal bleeding is a major risk factor for the later development of CCA...

..The aim of this study was to clarify prognostic factors and recurrence patterns in patients with node-negative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC)...

..Future targeted therapies will depend on a better understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of cholangiocarcinomas...

..Recent studies suggest that naturally-occurring CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play an active role in immunological self-tolerance...

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..In conclusion, the results suggest that expression of MUC4 in ICC-MF is a new independent factor for poor prognosis and is a useful marker to predict the outcome of the patients with ICC-MF...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that VEGF-C expression serves as an independent and important prognostic factor in ICC patients, and it may play an important role in the lymph node metastasis of ICC...

..The treatment approach should continue to be resection for presumed malignancy...

..We conclude that laminin gamma 2 chain exhibits aberrant expression in a stepwise manner through different aggressive stages of tumor progression...

..In conclusion, the rates of HCC and ICC approximately doubled between 1976 and 2000. Trends by age, gender, ethnicity, and birth cohort suggest that heterogeneity exists in the factors influencing these rates...

..001)...

..In conclusion, local mutual influence of TGF-beta1 secreted from carcinoma cells and SDF-1 expressed by stromal fibroblasts may be involved in invasion of CC cells...

..However, the characteristics of EGFR signaling in cholangiocarcinoma cells have not been characterized. Thus, we attempted to more fully characterize EGF/EGFR signaling in human cholangiocarcinoma cells...

..The outcome of biliary drainage in patients with advanced hilar tumors (Bismuth III or IV) was poorer than hilar tumor at earlier stages (Bismuth I or II)...

..In this article, we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data, new developments and theories, and nominate directions for future research...

..Furthermore, embryonic Foxm1b -/- livers did not develop intrahepatic bile ducts, and these presumptive biliary hepatoblasts failed to express either biliary cytokeratins or nuclear ..

..We further analysed the mortality statistics to determine which anatomical subcategories were involved...

..To analyze resectability and survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma according to a proposed preoperative staging scheme that fully integrates local, tumor-related factors...

..The outcome of surgical treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is poor. This study was designed to analyze the relationship between clinicopathologic features and the survival time after operation...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2) in tumor invasion or as a prognostic factor in patients with human hilar cholangiocarcinoma...

..Unresectable biliary tract cancer has a very poor prognosis. A combination of weekly gemcitabine plus continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (GEM/CVI 5-FU) was evaluated as therapy for this cancer...

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..In this case-control study, we used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database to evaluate the prevalence of known risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and explore other potential risk factors...

..To evaluate the feasibility of an aggressive surgical approach incorporating major hepatic resection after biliary drainage and preoperative portal vein embolization for patients with hilar bile duct cancer...

..These findings provide a potential unifying molecular mechanism for modulating tumorigenesis via Fas/FasL expression...

..Several studies have suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may play a role in the development of ICC, whereas the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is less clear...

..Although surgical resection can be curative, many patients with cholangiocarcinoma are diagnosed at an advanced stage when only palliative approaches can be used. Photodynamic therapy is emerging as a useful modality...

..DNA ploidy reflecting irregularities of chromosome number and content might be an alternative predictor. In this study, we evaluated the DNA ploidy as a prognostic factor for survival of patients after resection of cholangiocarcinoma...

..ENBD needs to be converted to PTBD in patients with segmental cholangitis, those with a prolonged need for drainage, or when the extent of longitudinal tumor extension is not sufficiently well characterized...

..The similarity of bile ductular reactions among chronic hepatitic, alcoholic and biliary diseases suggests that they result from proliferation of oval-like progenitor cells...

..CCA fibroblasts have proliferative effects which may directly effect tumor promotion and progression of biliary epithelial cells. This warrants further investigation of fibroblasts as alternative therapeutic targets in CCA patients...

..89; 95% CI, 1.05-3.39, P=0.0335) in IHCC. These results suggest that EGFR expression is associated with tumour progression and VEGF expression may be involved in haematogenic metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma...

..However, controversy exists over the type and positioning of biliary stents. Photodynamic treatment is a new palliative technique that might improve quality of life...

..The results also suggest ERBB-2 and COX-2 as potentially important targets relevant to chemoprevention or adjunct therapy of ChC...

..Although the prognosis for patients with this complication is generally poor, the excision of the catheter tract may enable survival in selected patients with isolated metastases along the catheter tract...

..From these data, the actions of prolactin on liver are anticipated to exhibit strong cell-type specificity in both normal and pathological conditions...

..Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients are at risk for developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Our aim was to assess the risk of malignancies and their influence on survival...

..The structure and function of p53 and its role in linking cancer to specific carcinogens by way of mutational signatures is reviewed. The findings of previous p53 studies and their relevance in human cholangiocarcinoma are summarised...

..Furthermore, the data also indicate that an autocrine model for tumor growth, as suggested by a combination of EGF and EGF-R, may be applicable only to very limited cases of CCs...

..In addition to the presence of biliary cancer, biliary fibronectin was also increased in response to biliary inflammation, which limits its use as a tumor marker of cholangiocarcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomical variation occurring in intrahepatic bile ducts (IHDs) in terms of their branching patterns, and to determine the frequency of each variation...

..Hilar cholangiocarcinoma, still a challenging problem for surgeons and resectional surgery, is the treatment of choice for long-term survival. In this study we tried to evaluate different prognostic factors after resection...

..To establish and characterize a new cholangiocarcinoma cell line from a patient living in the Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) endemic area of Northeast Thailand...

..The clinicopathologic features and surgical outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are not fully understood...

..Underexpression of MMPs in papillary cholangiocarcinoma might be associated with a favorable prognosis...

..We illustrate the required diagnostic steps to assess cholestasis and painless icterus. A definite diagnosis can not always be made even with extensive histological or immunohistochemical workup...

..Therefore, the overexpression of polycomb-group proteins Bmi1 and EZH2 is associated with the malignant progression of HCC, thereby reflecting the aggressive biological behavior in HCC and HC-CC...

..It has been reported that MUC1 is an important prognostic factor in several cancers. This study investigated the importance of MUC1 as a prognostic factor in mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (m-ICC)...

..For the development of computer-aided navigation in hepatobiliary procedures, this technique could be an important prerequisite for defining landmarks of the liver in a three-dimensional space...

..Surgical resection of this tumor yields results intermediate between those of HCC and CCC in character. More cases are needed to further define the characteristics of this tumor...

..The present report also demonstrates another patient with a typical celiac axis stenosis...

..Complications are thought to be rare and mostly self-limiting. By contrast, we report on a life-threatening complication and discuss it in the context of other complications...

..The aim of this study was to examine the growth pattern of peripheral CC (24 cases) in comparison with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 27 cases) and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA, 24 cases)...

..Our results indicate that agrin might play an important role in neoangiogenesis in human HCC, being a part of the newly formed vasculature. In CC, however, agrin might be involved in tumor progression...

..Nonetheless, R1 resections often provide an advantage over no resection with respect to survival and quality of life in patients with these tumors...

..But several risk factors including hepatolithiasis, liver fluke infection, and anatomical abnormalities associated with inflammation of the biliary tract have been described...

..In conclusion, podoplanin would be useful as a diagnostic marker for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in liver tumors...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of combined HCC-CC after curative resection...

..Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver is relatively infrequent, and its pathogenesis remains obscure. The aim of this study is to investigate its clinical and pathological features and proliferative activity...

..For pancreatic cancer, surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy all have potential roles. This review provides an updated summary of diagnosis and assessment together with treatment options for this group of cancers...

..Routine sampling of perihepatic lymph nodes will therefore have a low yield in patients without some evidence of disease on preoperative CT or PET scans or at the time of exploration...

..The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of p63 in human cholangiocarcinomas (CC) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC)...

..Thus, synemin helps delineate different types of liver fibrotic reactions and provides a marker for sinusoidal capillarization and for proliferating biliary epithelial and cholangiocarcinoma cells...

..We continue to focus on cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts, because of their biologic and clinical importance, and because of the new concepts, hypotheses, and ..

..of cell and molecular biology to understand the role of cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts, in health and disease...

..of cell and molecular biology to understand the role of cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts, in health and disease...

..BA) appears to result from a chronic, progressive inflammatory mediated destruction of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, leading some to call it "infantile obliterative cholangiopathy"...

..We now focus principally on cholangiocytes, epithelial cells that line intrahepatic bile ducts, because of their biologic and clinical importance, the new hypotheses and techniques we have developed ..

..We continue to focus on bile acid interactions with cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts, because of the development of new hypotheses and techniques regarding the regulation of bile acid ..

..is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammatory destruction of small and medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to cholestasis, then fibrosis, cirrhosis, and its complications...

..We continue to focus on bile acid interactions with cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts, because of the development of new hypotheses and techniques regarding the regulation of bile acid ..

..cholangiopathy of infancy that leads to fibrosis and obliteration of both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. The immune response appears to be the key player in the ongoing destruction of the bile ducts...

PBC is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by obstruction of intrahepatic bile ducts and high titer antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA). The predominant autoantigen is PDC-E2...

The branching tree of intrahepatic bile ducts is lined by a monolayer of epithelial cells, known as cholangiocytes. During development hepatocytes and cholangiocytes arise from bipotential hepatoblast precursors...

..The ectonucleotidase NTPDase2 was found to be expressed in portal fibroblasts (PF) surrounding intrahepatic bile ducts, which provides a likely explanation for the selective hydrolysis of nucleotides at the basolateral ..

..specific, autoimmune disease characterized by antimitochondrial antibodies and progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. There has not been an animal model of PBC and studies are dependent on human clinical specimens, a ..

..autoimmune disease characterized by antimito- chondrial antibodies and progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. There has not been an animal model of PBC and studies are dependent on human clinical specimens, a ..

..mechanisms responsible for secretion by cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells that line the lumen of intrahepatic bile ducts and account for approximately 40 percent) of bile volume in man...

..Furthermore, several important clinical issues are addressed by the proposed correlative studies, the results of which would be of broad general interest in clinical oncology. ..

..The results of these studies are germane to mechanisms of liver injury in the common syndrome of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and have the potential to identify new therapeutic strategies for this liver disease. ..

..The significance of the information generated is that it will provide a framework for the potential development of novel therapeutic strategies effective in attenuating human liver injury. ..

..The significance of the information generated is that it will help provide a framework for the potential development of novel therapeutic strategies effective in attenuating cholestatic liver injury. ..

..Lysosome disruption results in the release of toxic compounds into the cell culminating in cell demise. The results of these studies are germane both to mechanisms of liver injury and the use of TRAIL as a chemotherapeutic agent. ..

..Lysosome disruption results in the release of toxic compounds into the cell culminating in cell demise. The results of these studies are germane both to mechanisms of liver injury and the use of TRAIL as a chemotherapeutic agent. ..

..The results of these studies are germane to mechanisms of liver injury in the common syndrome of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and have the potential to identify new therapeutic strategies for this liver disease. ..

..Successful completion of these proposed studies has the potential for development of new strategies to prevent and treat malignant human liver diseases. ..

..The information emanating from these studies may potentially help identify therapeutic strategies for the treatment and/or chemoprevention of cholangiocarcinoma. ..

..The information emanating from these studies may potentially help identify therapeutic strategies for the treatment and/or chemoprevention of cholangiocarcinoma. ..

..Lay Summary: In this application we hope to determine the genetic basis that leads to a prototypic autoimmune disease, called primary biliary cirrhosis. ..

..These studies are also critical for determining whether the immune response alone is essential for disease induction, or whether the unique milieu of human liver is required. ..

..We anticipate these studies will shed considerable light on the molecular interactions of CASK, its role in growth factor complex assembly and/or signal transduction, and its potential involvement in tumorigenesis. ..

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..the effect Of HBV associated injury and AFB I hepatocarcinogensis in these mice. In Specific Aim 3, the effect of HBV associated injury and AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis in these mice will be examined. ..

..If this project is successful, it would overcome a major hurdle in the possible use of hepatic stem cells for treatment of liver failure or ex vivo gene therapy. ..

..This study will increase our understanding of TGF-beta mediated fibrosis in HSC and will enable the design of rational anti-fibrotic therapies. ..

..g. by immunomodulatory cytokines or by cytokine antagonists. It is anticipated that the results will improve our understanding and management of cd and related autoimmune diseases. ..