polyribosomes

..The FMRP-containing mRNPs are dynamic structures that oscillate between polyribosomes and cytoplasmic granules reminiscent of the Stress Granules that contain repressed mRNAs...

..In addition, they provide insight into the molecular basis of the cognitive and allied defects in FXS and ASD and suggest multiple targets for clinical intervention...

..We show decapped nonsense-containing mRNA associate with polyribosomes, indicating that recognition and degradation are tightly coupled and that polyribosomes are major sites for ..

..Thus, the abundance of PS mRNA may provide a more accurate estimate of gene expression than total cellular mRNA because of extensive differential translational regulation...

..In conclusion, we identified hASH1 as a novel downstream target of FMRP. Improved translation efficiency of hASH1 mRNA by FMRP may represent an important regulatory switch in neuronal differentiation...

..We observe global transitions in the functional classes of translated MmRNAs and apparent changes in the underlying cis-regulatory mechanisms...

..We demonstrate that, in the brain, FMRP is present in actively translating polyribosomes, and we show that this association is acutely sensitive to the type of detergent required to release ..

..Taken together the results of the present study show that PKCbetaII can act as a specific PKC isoform regulating translation, in an mTOR-independent fashion, possibly close to the ribosomal machinery...

..In addition, different conditions for displaying the polysome profile or PIC analysis by SDC, used to address different questions, will be outlined...

..Biochemical analysis indicated that mSmaug 1 is present in synaptoneurosomal 20 S particles. These results suggest a role for mammalian Smaug 1 in RNA granule formation and translation regulation in neurons...

..These data demonstrate that RSK provides an mTOR-independent pathway linking the Ras/ERK signaling cascade to the translational machinery...

..Distinct pools of Rrp43p may interact both with the exosome and with Nip7p, possibly both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, to catalyze analogous reactions in the multistep process of 60S ribosome biogenesis and mRNA turnover...

..Remarkably, the deltaHSP70 mutant synthesizes HSP70 at a lower rate than the wild-type parasites. Overall, our data suggest that the biological function of the HSP70-II gene is to top up HSP70 levels under conditions of stress...

Immunoaffinity purification of polyribosomes (polysomes) from crude leaf extracts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was achieved with transgenic genotypes that overexpress a translational fusion of a ribosomal protein (RP) with a His(..

..We propose that mRNA released from disassembled polysomes is sorted and remodeled at SGs, from which selected transcripts are delivered to PBs for degradation...

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..After zinc-gavage, ZIP5 is rapidly resynthesized and targeted to the basolateral membranes of these cell types...

..Immunoprecipitation and UV-crosslinking analysis of γ-ENaC-mRNA/HuR complexes document the significance of γ-ENaC-mRNA-3'-UTR/HuR interaction for hormonal control of ENaC synthesis...

..Since the cytoskeletal framework is implicated in cellular plasticity as well as in mRNA transport, we propose new possibilities for the function(s) of the FXR proteins...

..Together, this work supports the inhibition of translation initiation as a therapeutic strategy for treating cancers fueled by dysregulated translation...

..The synergy between anisomycin and TbRACK1 RNAi suggests that continued translation is required for complete ingression of the cleavage furrow...

..The data indicate that dissociation of ribosomes from mRNA is not a prerequisite for decay and we suggest that the 5'-3' polarity of mRNA degradation has evolved to ensure that the last translocating ribosome can complete translation...

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..This novel cell-growth-dependent translation activation role for FXR1 and AGO2 allows new insights into ARE-mediated signaling and connects two important posttranscriptional regulatory systems in an unexpected way...

..In summary, oxidative stress elicits complex translational reprogramming that is fundamental for adaptation to the stress...

..Global analysis revealed an unexpected correlation: Ribosome density decreases with increasing ORF length. Models to account for this surprising observation are discussed...

..These rich data sets, all acquired under a standardized condition, reveal a substantial coordination between regulatory layers and provide a basis for a systems-level understanding of multilayered gene-expression programs...

..Several lines of evidence indicate that most of these mRNAs, including a known miRNA-regulated target (KRAS mRNA), are actively being translated...

..by virtue of their TIA-1 (T-cell intracellular antigen 1) protein component, and found that FMRP moved out of polyribosomes and into SGs subsequent to oxidative stress...

..These results indicate that SBDS is required for accurate expression of genes important for proper brain, skeletal, and blood cell development...

..L28, like other ribosomal proteins, is metabolically stable. Therefore, these data suggest a regulatory role for multiubiquitin chains that is reversible and does not function to target the acceptor protein for degradation...

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..The majority of mRNAs that were translationally impaired with eIF4GI depletion were excluded from polyribosomes due to the presence of multiple upstream open reading frames and low mRNA abundance...

..The phosphorylated cytoplasmic 61-kDa species was associated with polyribosomes. Confocal studies on COS-1 cells showed that GRTH-GFP was retained in the nucleus by treatment with a RNA ..

..Hypoxia stress and reoxygenation promoted adjustments in the levels of polyribosomes (polysomes) that were highly coordinated with cellular ATP content...

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..The distinct neighbor orientations found in situ resemble configurations of bacterial polysomes in vitro, indicating a conserved supramolecular organization with implications for nascent polypeptide folding...

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..Overall, these data establish a link between the nuclear history of an mRNA and the mechanism of miRNA-mediated translational regulation in the cytoplasm...

..although TbZFP3 is constitutively expressed, it exhibits developmentally regulated association with polyribosomes, and mutational analysis demonstrates that this association is essential for the expression of phenotype...

..Here we show that both IMPDH type 1 (IMPDH1) and IMPDH type 2 are associated with polyribosomes, suggesting that these housekeeping proteins have an unanticipated role in translation regulation...

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..is not associated with the translation machinery, but is part of repressed small RNP complexes excluded from polyribosomes.(27) To elucidate this puzzling result, Stefani et al.(17) and Khandjian et al...

..The lack of enzymes of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in budding yeast may contribute to differences between mammalian SGs and related yeast EGP (eIF4E, 4G and Pab1 containing) bodies...

..In addition, ribosomes with increased levels of Stm1p exhibit decreased association with eEF3. Taken together, our data indicate that Stm1p plays a complementary role to eEF3 in translation...

..Finally, we show that PRMT1 methylates FMRP in cells, suggesting a model where methylation of the RGG box modulates either the quantity or the identity of the RNAs bound by FMRP...

..assay of an mRNA's translational state is polyribosome association; mRNAs actively translated are engaged with polyribosomes while mRNAs translationally repressed are not...

..Additional studies revealed that polyribosomes extracted from cytoplasm of wild-type virus-infected cells treated with CHX and displayed in sucrose gradients ..

..The functions of these proteins can explain some phenotypes observed in ife-4 knockout mutants. These results indicate that translation of a limited subset of mRNAs is dependent on a specific isoform of eIF4E...

..Notably, the mRNA features that contribute to translational regulation could not fully explain the variation in ribosome loading, indicating that additional factors contribute to translational regulation in Arabidopsis...

..Moreover, all of the miRNAs that were tested cofractionate with polyribosomes, the sites of active translation...

..Removal or replacements of 5' and 3' UTRs affected the initial phase of translation, but did not prevent the formation of the double-row polysomes during translation...

..We then provide a detailed protocol for analysis of polysomal fractions using spotted DNA microarrays...

..K homology domain 2 (KH2) RNA-binding domain and dephosphorylation of FMRP at S500 were required for the effects of FMRP on synapse number, indicating that FMRP interaction with RNA and translating polyribosomes leads to synapse loss.

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..Polysome profile analysis suggests that the primary defect caused by the depletion in Ssm1p is at the level of translation initiation...

..However, not all known mRNAs that contain IRES elements were actively translated during mitosis, arguing that specific IRES sequences are differentially regulated during mitosis...

..These data support a model whereby Ras and Akt signaling primarily lead to cellular transformation by altering the transcriptome and producing a radical shift in the composition of mRNAs associated with actively translating polysomes...

..These results define the flux of mRNAs between polysomes and P bodies as a critical aspect of cytoplasmic mRNA metabolism and a possible site for regulation of mRNA degradation...

..These results suggest that DCL is required for chloroplast rRNA processing, and emphasize the importance of plastid function during embryogenesis...

..These interactions might regulate the translation activity of ribosomes programmed with specific mRNAs...

..profile analysis demonstrates that MPMV RU5 directs subcellular localization of the luc transcript to polyribosomes. Our findings have a number of similarities with those of reports on 5' terminal posttranscriptional control ..

..Thus, the mechanisms that prevent accumulation of Oskar protein until it can be secured at the posterior pole of the oocyte include regulated degradation or inhibition of translational elongation...

..The cDNA array-based approach described here can be applied to global analyses of mRNA turnover and translation and can serve to investigate subsets of mRNAs subject to joint posttranscriptional control...

..eIF4E, the mRNA 5' cap-binding protein, plays a major role in translational control. To understand how eIF4E affects cell proliferation and survival, we studied mRNA targets that are translationally responsive to eIF4E...

..Hyperphosphorylated 9G8 was present in monosomes and small polyribosomes, whereas soluble fractions contained only hypophosphorylated protein...

..Paradoxically, this non-coding RNA was found bound to polyribosomes. Further analysis revealed that multiple retrotransposon species (BVL-1-like and mVL30-1-like) were bound to ..

..Stalling translating ribosomes during mitosis may protect mRNAs and allow rapid resumption of translation immediately upon entry into the G(1) phase...

..Potentially, they function as miRNAs, regulating translation of cellular mRNAs. In support of this hypothesis, we detected a fraction of the VA RNAII-derived mivaRNAs on polyribosomes.

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..The region of ICP27 required for translational stimulation maps to the C terminus. Furthermore, in infected cells, ICP27 is associated with polyribosomes, indicating a function in translation during the lytic cycle.

..studies we have demonstrated that Scp160p in cytoplasmic lysates is predominantly associated with polyribosomes. Furthermore, we have found that Scp160p is released from polyribosomes by EDTA in the form of a large complex ..

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..Taken together, our findings suggest that APO1 is involved in the stable assembly of several [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing complexes of chloroplasts and interferes with translational events probably in association with plastid nucleoids...

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..De novo synthesis and repair of photosystem II complexes are independently controlled...

..During the initial 15 min of gravistimulation, the amount of large polyribosomes transiently decreased...

..This study identifies a novel pathway for regulating p53 gene expression and expands current understanding of the potential role of TS as a regulator of cellular gene expression...

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..The implications of our findings for translational regulation of maternal mRNAs during embryogenesis and for the activation of the BMP pathway are discussed...

..Heterologous expression of pelota in dom34delata mutants restores wild-type growth and differentiation, suggesting conservation of function between the eukaryotic members of the gene family...

..Our findings reveal a fundamental similarity between the mechanisms of translational control used in spermatogenesis and oogenesis...

..cerevisiae reacts to the carbon source shift with a remarkable variety of responses, including translational regulation of specific mRNAs and activation of specific enzymes involved in a nonconventional splicing mechanism...

..We show here that normal FMRP associates with elongating polyribosomes via large mRNP particles...

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..Replacement of this histidine residue in the human and archaebacterial proteins by glycine, arginine or alanine had no effect on ribosome assembly, but strongly reduced the translational activity of ribosomes containing these mutants...

..A significant proportion of DAX-1 is associated with polyribosomes and is found complexed with polyadenylated RNA...

..These results suggest that transient, possibly GTP-dependent association of Nog2p with the pre-ribosomes might trigger late rRNA maturation steps in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis...

..43S preinitiation complexes accumulate in half-mer polyribosomes in the absence of sufficient 60S subunits...

..These data suggest that the 60S subunit mediates the PAB requirement of translation initiation, thereby ensuring that only intact poly(A)+ mRNA will be translated efficiently in vivo...

..The sedimentation profiles of DAZL1 in sucrose gradients indicate that DAZL1 is associated with polyribosomes, and further capture of DAZL1 on oligo(dT) beads demonstrates that the association is mediated through the ..

..Since gene transcription is an ATP expensive process in cells, suppression of transcription to minimum levels provides substantial energy savings for the hepatopancreas, and the organism as a whole, under anoxic conditions...

..addition to the decreased translation of many RNAs, a smaller number of RNAs show increased association with polyribosomes in PDK-1-/- ES cells relative to PDK-1+/+ ES cells...

..Moreover, the presence of related proteins in P-bodies and maternal mRNA storage granules suggests this mechanism is widely adapted for mRNA storage...

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..Finally, the data showed that polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, a known IRES trans-acting factor or ITAF) is pivotal in regulating the apoptotic process by controlling IRES function...

..In addition, an S7 derivative lacking the N-terminal 17 residues causes ribosomes to accumulate on mRNA to abnormally high levels, indicating that our approach can yield interesting mutant ribosomes...

..We describe protocols for each of these procedures...

..These findings indicate that integrins may recruit the translational machinery in a unique way and that FN-dependent translation cannot be blocked by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition...

..The polyribosomes containing the transcribed and translatable mRNAs are isolated by immunological techniques and then the RNA is ..

..along dendrites and into dendritic spines that host excitory synapses, including microtubules for transport, polyribosomes for protein synthesis, Golgi apparatus for posttranslational modifications, endosomes for membrane recycling, ..

..along dendrites and into dendritic spines that host excitory synapses, including microtubules for transport, polyribosomes for protein synthesis, Golgi apparatus for posttranslational modifications, endosomes for membrane recycling, ..

..along dendrites and into dendritic spines that host excitory synapses, including microtubules for transport, polyribosomes for protein synthesis, Golgi apparatus for posttranslational modifications, endosomes for membrane recycling, ..

..Both class A and class B mRNAs are degraded in polyribosomes. Class C includes mRNAs that are not degraded...

..from solid tumors; b) studies of mechanisms responsible for differential staining of rRNA in ribosomes vs polyribosomes in situ with pyronin Y, and application of this phenomenon to a new lymphocyte stimulation assay; (3) studies ..

..whereby mitochondrial protein precursors, encoded in the nucleus and synthesized on cytoplasmic polyribosomes, are posttranslationally recognized via their NH2- terminal leader peptides, translocated across one or both ..

..particles in the cell and it appears to specifically interact with a subset of mRNA species on translating polyribosomes; loss of functional protein then may result in translation dysregulation of these downstream genes...

..function of FMRP has not yet been elucidated, it is believed to be a RNA-binding protein that associates with polyribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum...

..is a selective RNA-binding protein that forms a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex associating with polyribosomes. Evidence suggests that FMRP is involved in local regulation of protein synthesis at synapses...

..is a selective RNA-binding protein that forms a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex associating with polyribosomes. FMRP regulates protein translation and the loss of FMRP leads to abnormal translation of selective mRNAs, ..

..is a selective RNA-binding protein that forms a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex associating with polyribosomes. FMRP regulates protein translation and the loss of FMRP leads to abnormal translation of selective mRNAs, ..

..not associated with increased FLIPs mRNA levels, but with increased association of FLIPs mRNA with translating polyribosomes. FLIPs mRNA translation is in turn influenced by two arms of the Ras pathway, both activated in GBM: the Ras-..

..The discovery of polyribosomes at the base of neuronal synapses suggested the possibility that proteins might be synthesized in dendrites in ..

..The discovery of polyribosomes at the base of neuronal synapses suggested the possibility that proteins might be synthesized in dendrites in ..

..We have recently discovered that this enzyme associates with polyribosomes, suggesting that it also plays a role in the regulation of translation...

..specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase (ds-PTP), 38 kDa in size and cytoplasmic in location, associated with polyribosomes. Phenotype-genotype correlations and intracellular targeting with two natural mutants in exon 3 or exon 4 ..

..destabilization of the LHR mRNA will be facilitated by our development of an in vitro decay system employing polyribosomes from the rat ovary, in which we demonstrated hCG-induced down-regulation of LHR mRNA...

The frag ile X mental re tardation protein (FMRP) binds mRNA and micro RNA, is associated with polyribosomes, and is localized in dendrites and axons...

The frag ile X mental re tardation protein (FMRP) binds mRNA and micro RNA, is associated with polyribosomes, and is localized in dendrites and axons...

..not associated with increased FLIPs mRNA levels, but with increased association of FLIPs mRNA with translating polyribosomes. FLIPs mRNA translation is in turn influenced by two arms of the Ras pathway, both activated in GBM: the Ras-..

..of the synaptic site and for modifying existing synapses; 3) that the synthetic activity of synapse associated polyribosomes is regulated in part by synaptic activity...

..The discovery of polyribosomes at the base of neuronal synapses suggested the possibility that proteins might be synthesized in dendrites in ..

..is a selective RNA-binding protein that forms a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex associating with polyribosomes. Evidence suggests that FMRP is involved in local regulation of protein synthesis at synapses...