th2 cells

Summary

Summary: Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells
    Estelle Bettelli
    Center for Neurologic Diseases, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nature 441:235-8. 2006
  2. ncbi Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
    Laurie E Harrington
    Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Nat Immunol 6:1123-32. 2005
  3. ncbi Alternative activation of macrophages
    Siamon Gordon
    Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 3:23-35. 2003
  4. ncbi Transforming growth factor-beta induces development of the T(H)17 lineage
    Paul R Mangan
    Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 2170, USA
    Nature 441:231-4. 2006
  5. ncbi CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults
    Jinfang Zhu
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Blood 112:1557-69. 2008
  6. ncbi IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines
    Jochen Schmitz
    Schering Plough Biopharma Formerly DNAX Research, Inc, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
    Immunity 23:479-90. 2005
  7. ncbi A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment
    S J Szabo
    Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Cell 100:655-69. 2000
  8. ncbi Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection
    Robert M Anthony
    The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 7:975-87. 2007
  9. ncbi Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity
    Daniel R Neill
    MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
    Nature 464:1367-70. 2010
  10. ncbi Arginase-1-expressing macrophages suppress Th2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis
    John T Pesce
    Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
    PLoS Pathog 5:e1000371. 2009

Research Grants

  1. Immunomodulation of inflammatory disease by atorvastatin
    Scott Zamvil; Fiscal Year: 2009
  2. Functional cloning of S. mansoni egg-specific Th2 cells
    Markus Mohrs; Fiscal Year: 2007
  3. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MHC LINKED SUSCEPTIBILITY
    Kai Wucherpfennig; Fiscal Year: 2001
  4. T CELLS IN LUNG INFLAMMATION
    Peter Kao; Fiscal Year: 2000
  5. IL-13 Associated Eosinophil Lung Responses
    Marc E Rothenberg; Fiscal Year: 2010
  6. IL-13 Associated Eosinophil Lung Responses
    MARC ROTHENBERG; Fiscal Year: 2009
  7. ROLE OF CHEMOKINES IN T CELL MEDIATED COLITIS
    James Lillard; Fiscal Year: 2002
  8. The role of CBir1 flagellin-specific Th17 and Th1 effector cells in colitis
    Yingzi Cong; Fiscal Year: 2009
  9. The role of CBir1 flagellin-specific Th17 and Th1 effector cells in colitis
    Yingzi Cong; Fiscal Year: 2010
  10. MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION & SUBSTANCE P RECEPTOR EXPRESSION
    KENNETH BOST; Fiscal Year: 2001

Detail Information

Publications303 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells
    Estelle Bettelli
    Center for Neurologic Diseases, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nature 441:235-8. 2006
    ..Our data demonstrate a dichotomy in the generation of pathogenic (T(H)17) T cells that induce autoimmunity and regulatory (Foxp3+) T cells that inhibit autoimmune tissue injury...
  2. ncbi Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
    Laurie E Harrington
    Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Nat Immunol 6:1123-32. 2005
    ..These findings provide a basis for understanding how inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling enhances development of pathogenic T(H)-17 effector cells that can exacerbate autoimmunity...
  3. ncbi Alternative activation of macrophages
    Siamon Gordon
    Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 3:23-35. 2003
    ..In this review, I assess the evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation in the light of macrophage heterogeneity, and define its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions...
  4. ncbi Transforming growth factor-beta induces development of the T(H)17 lineage
    Paul R Mangan
    Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 2170, USA
    Nature 441:231-4. 2006
    ..The action of TGF-beta on naive T cells is antagonized by interferon-gamma and IL-4, thus providing a mechanism for divergence of the T(H)1, T(H)2 and T(H)17 lineages...
  5. ncbi CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults
    Jinfang Zhu
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Blood 112:1557-69. 2008
    In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 subsets of activated CD4 T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, which differed from each other in their pattern of cytokine production and their functions...
  6. ncbi IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines
    Jochen Schmitz
    Schering Plough Biopharma Formerly DNAX Research, Inc, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
    Immunity 23:479-90. 2005
    ..In vivo, IL-33 induces the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and leads to severe pathological changes in mucosal organs...
  7. ncbi A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment
    S J Szabo
    Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Cell 100:655-69. 2000
    ..Thus, T-bet initiates Th1 lineage development from naive Thp cells both by activating Th1 genetic programs and by repressing the opposing Th2 programs...
  8. ncbi Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection
    Robert M Anthony
    The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 7:975-87. 2007
    ..In this Review, we examine recent findings regarding the mechanisms of protection in helminth infections that have been elucidated in murine models and discuss the implications of these findings in terms of future therapies...
  9. ncbi Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity
    Daniel R Neill
    MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
    Nature 464:1367-70. 2010
    ..Thus, nuocytes represent a critically important innate effector cell in type-2 immunity...
  10. ncbi Arginase-1-expressing macrophages suppress Th2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis
    John T Pesce
    Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
    PLoS Pathog 5:e1000371. 2009
    ....
  11. ncbi TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells
    Marc Veldhoen
    Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
    Immunity 24:179-89. 2006
    ..Our data indicate that, in the presence of IL-6, TGFbeta1 subverts Th1 and Th2 differentiation for the generation of IL-17-producing T cells...
  12. ncbi Transforming growth factor-beta 'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9-producing subset
    Marc Veldhoen
    Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK
    Nat Immunol 9:1341-6. 2008
    ..Thus, transforming growth factor-beta constitutes a regulatory 'switch' that in combination with other cytokines can 'reprogram' effector T cell differentiation along different pathways...
  13. ncbi IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses
    Steven A Saenz
    Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    Nature 464:1362-6. 2010
    ....
  14. ncbi Alternative macrophage activation is essential for survival during schistosomiasis and downmodulates T helper 1 responses and immunopathology
    De Broski R Herbert
    University of Cape Town, Health Sciences Faculty, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
    Immunity 20:623-35. 2004
    ..Together, this shows that alternative macrophages are essential during schistosomiasis for protection against organ injury through downregulation of egg-induced inflammation...
  15. ncbi Regulation of pathogenesis and immunity in helminth infections
    Rick M Maizels
    Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
    J Exp Med 206:2059-66. 2009
    ..A recent international meeting focused on how these parasites modulate host immunity and how control of parasitic and immunopathological disease might be achieved...
  16. ncbi A mechanism for the initiation of allergen-induced T helper type 2 responses
    Caroline L Sokol
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connceticut 06510, USA
    Nat Immunol 9:310-8. 2008
    ..Finally, we show that basophils were directly activated by protease allergens and produced TH2-inducing cytokines, including interleukin 4 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, which are involved in TH2 differentiation in vivo...
  17. ncbi Antagonism of microRNA-126 suppresses the effector function of TH2 cells and the development of allergic airways disease
    Joerg Mattes
    Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Children s Hospital, Callaghan, NSW 2300, Australia
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:18704-9. 2009
    ..In summary, this study presents a functional connection between miRNA expression and asthma pathogenesis, and our data suggest that targeting miRNA in the airways may lead to anti-inflammatory treatments for allergic asthma...
  18. ncbi 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin d3 has a direct effect on naive CD4(+) T cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells
    A Boonstra
    Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    J Immunol 167:4974-80. 2001
    ....
  19. ncbi Human interleukin 17-producing cells originate from a CD161+CD4+ T cell precursor
    Lorenzo Cosmi
    Department of Internal Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
    J Exp Med 205:1903-16. 2008
    ..These findings implicate CD161 as a novel surface marker for human Th17 cells and demonstrate the exclusive origin of these cells from a CD161(+)CD4(+) T cell progenitor...
  20. ncbi Biology of lung dendritic cells at the origin of asthma
    Bart N Lambrecht
    Department of Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Hospital Gent, Gent 9000, Belgium
    Immunity 31:412-24. 2009
    ..This review summarizes the recent progress on our understanding how DCs control Th2 cell immunity in the lung...
  21. ncbi IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and Th2-associated pathologies in vivo
    M M Fort
    DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    Immunity 15:985-95. 2001
    We have characterized a cytokine produced by Th2 cells, designated as IL-25. Infusion of mice with IL-25 induced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 gene expression...
  22. ncbi The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more
    T R Mosmann
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
    Immunol Today 17:138-46. 1996
    ....
  23. ncbi How are T(H)2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?
    William E Paul
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 10:225-35. 2010
    ....
  24. ncbi TSLP: an epithelial cell cytokine that regulates T cell differentiation by conditioning dendritic cell maturation
    Yong Jun Liu
    Department of Immunology, Center of Cancer Immunology Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Annu Rev Immunol 25:193-219. 2007
    ..We review recent progress on how TSLP expressed within thymus and peripheral lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues regulates DC-mediated central tolerance, peripheral T cell homeostasis, and inflammatory Th2 responses...
  25. ncbi Omega-1, a glycoprotein secreted by Schistosoma mansoni eggs, drives Th2 responses
    Bart Everts
    Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
    J Exp Med 206:1673-80. 2009
    ..Collectively, we identify omega-1, a single component of SEA, as a potent inducer of Th2 responses...
  26. ncbi At homeostasis filarial infections have expanded adaptive T regulatory but not classical Th2 cells
    Simon Metenou
    Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Immunol 184:5375-82. 2010
    ..Interestingly, frequencies of Th17 and aTreg/Tr1s but not classical Th1 or Th2 cells were significantly increased in Fil(+) compared to Fil(-) individuals...
  27. ncbi Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for development of Th2 cells
    M H Kaplan
    Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Immunity 4:313-9. 1996
    ..In addition, Stat6-deficient T lymphocytes fail to differentiate into Th2 cells in response to either IL-4 or Il-13...
  28. ncbi IL-33 amplifies both Th1- and Th2-type responses through its activity on human basophils, allergen-reactive Th2 cells, iNKT and NK cells
    Molly D Smithgall
    Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA, USA
    Int Immunol 20:1019-30. 2008
    ..Moreover, the nature of the responses elicited by IL-33 suggests that this axis may amplify both T(h)1- and T(h)2-oriented immune responses...
  29. ncbi Biochemical and functional characterization of three activated macrophage populations
    Justin P Edwards
    Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
    J Leukoc Biol 80:1298-307. 2006
    ..produce IL-12 and give rise to Th1 cells, whereas Mphi-II produce high levels of IL-10 and thus, give rise to Th2 cells secreting IL-4 and IL-10. Mphi-II express two markers that may be used to identify them in tissue...
  30. ncbi Th1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy
    R Raghupathy
    Dept of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
    Immunol Today 18:478-82. 1997
    ..Here, evidence from murine and human pregnancy is presented to show that, since Th1-type cytokines mediate pregnancy loss, a shift towards Th1-type immunity may help resolve 'unexplained' pregnancy failure...
  31. ncbi IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells
    Irah L King
    Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
    J Exp Med 206:1001-7. 2009
    ..IL-4 not only promotes the differentiation of Th2 cells but is also critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE isotype-switched antibody responses...
  32. ncbi Activated, but not resting human Th2 cells, in contrast to Th1 and T regulatory cells, produce soluble ST2 and express low levels of ST2L at the cell surface
    Sandrine Lécart
    INSERM U454, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, F 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
    Eur J Immunol 32:2979-87. 2002
    ..expression of ST2L/ST2 transcripts was also found in short-term in vitro differentiated, activated CD4(+) Th2 cells. No expression of ST2L or ST2 mRNA was detected in any of the resting T cell subsets...
  33. ncbi Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced, toll-like receptor 4-dependent T helper cell type 2 responses to inhaled antigen
    Stephanie C Eisenbarth
    Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Exp Med 196:1645-51. 2002
    ..These studies suggest that the level of LPS exposure can determine the type of inflammatory response generated and provide a potential mechanistic explanation of epidemiological data on endotoxin exposure and asthma prevalence...
  34. ncbi IL-25 augments type 2 immune responses by enhancing the expansion and functions of TSLP-DC-activated Th2 memory cells
    Yui Hsi Wang
    Department of Immunology and Center of Cancer Immunology Research, University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    J Exp Med 204:1837-47. 2007
    ..Our results provide a plausible explanation that IL-25 produced by innate effector eosinophils and basophils may augment the allergic inflammation by enhancing the maintenance and functions of adaptive Th2 memory cells...
  35. ncbi Differences between IL-4- and IL-4 receptor alpha-deficient mice in chronic leishmaniasis reveal a protective role for IL-13 receptor signaling
    M Mohrs
    Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany
    J Immunol 162:7302-8. 1999
    ..major, mediated by a functional IL-13 receptor...
  36. ncbi T helper cell fate specified by kinase-mediated interaction of T-bet with GATA-3
    Eun Sook Hwang
    Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Science 307:430-3. 2005
    ..These results provide a novel function for tyrosine phosphorylation of a transcription factor in specifying alternate fates of a common progenitor cell...
  37. ncbi Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms
    Rick M Maizels
    Institute for Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 3:733-44. 2003
    ..Long-lived parasites such as the helminths, however, are more remarkable for their ability to downregulate host immunity, protecting themselves from elimination and minimizing severe pathology in the host...
  38. ncbi Basophils orchestrate chronic allergic dermatitis and protective immunity against helminths
    Caspar Ohnmacht
    Institute for Immunology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
    Immunity 33:364-74. 2010
    ..Differentiation and accumulation of Th2 cells, induction of eosinophilia, and increase in serum IgE or IgG1 induced by allergens or by infection with the ..
  39. ncbi Inflammatory dendritic cells--not basophils--are necessary and sufficient for induction of Th2 immunity to inhaled house dust mite allergen
    Hamida Hammad
    Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
    J Exp Med 207:2097-111. 2010
    ..Inflammatory DCs were necessary and sufficient for induction of Th2 immunity and features of asthma, whereas basophils were not required. We favor a model whereby DCs initiate and basophils amplify Th2 immunity to HDM allergen...
  40. ncbi Helminth 2-Cys peroxiredoxin drives Th2 responses through a mechanism involving alternatively activated macrophages
    Sheila Donnelly
    Level 6, Bldg 4, University of Technology Sydney, Cnr Thomas and Harris St, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
    FASEB J 22:4022-32. 2008
    ..We propose that Prx activates macrophages as an initial step in the induction of Th2 responses by helminth parasites and is thereby a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern...
  41. ncbi Interleukin 2 plays a central role in Th2 differentiation
    Javier Cote-Sierra
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:3880-5. 2004
    ..Thus, IL-2 plays a critical role in the polarization of naive CD4 T cells to the Th2 phenotype...
  42. ncbi The mannose receptor mediates the uptake of diverse native allergens by dendritic cells and determines allergen-induced T cell polarization through modulation of IDO activity
    Pierre Joseph Royer
    School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen s Medical Centre, United Kingdom
    J Immunol 185:1522-31. 2010
    ..In conclusion, our work demonstrates a major role for MR in glycoallergen recognition and in the development of Th2 responses...
  43. ncbi Aluminium hydroxide adjuvant initiates strong antigen-specific Th2 responses in the absence of IL-4- or IL-13-mediated signaling
    J M Brewer
    Department of Immunology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Scotland, United Kingdom
    J Immunol 163:6448-54. 1999
    ..We conclude that alum adjuvants can induce IL-4 production and Th2 responses independently of IL-4 or IL-13, negating the requirement for an early source of IL-4 in the Th2 response induced by this adjuvant...
  44. ncbi T1/ST2 expression on Th2 cells negatively regulates allergic pulmonary inflammation
    Niamh E Mangan
    Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
    Eur J Immunol 37:1302-12. 2007
    The transmembrane form of T1/ST2 (ST2) is a specific marker on murine Th2 cells that have been generated in vitro, or isolated from sites of allergic type 2 inflammation...
  45. ncbi T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens
    Arielle Glatman Zaretsky
    Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    J Exp Med 206:991-9. 2009
    ..The relationship of TFH cells to the Th2 lineage was confirmed when TFH cells were found to develop from CXCR5(-) PD-1(-) IL-4/GFP(+) CD4(+) T cells after their transfer into naive mice and antigen challenge in vivo...
  46. ncbi The biology of NKT cells
    Albert Bendelac
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
    Annu Rev Immunol 25:297-336. 2007
    ....
  47. ncbi Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis
    T A Wynn
    Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Pathol 214:199-210. 2008
    ..This review explores our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis...
  48. ncbi Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease
    Parris Kidd
    Altern Med Rev 8:223-46. 2003
    ..b>Th2 cells drive the type-2 pathway ("humoral immunity") and up-regulate antibody production to fight ..
  49. ncbi Stat5 activation plays a critical role in Th2 differentiation
    Jinfang Zhu
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Immunity 19:739-48. 2003
    ..Stat5A binds to HSII and HSIII sites of the Il4 gene. Coinfection with STAT5A1*6-NGFR-RV and GATA-3-GFP-RV results in optimal Th2 priming...
  50. ncbi Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice
    K Takeda
    Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
    Immunity 8:383-90. 1998
    ..We therefore generated mice lacking both IL-18 and IL-12. In these mice, NK activity and Th1 response were further impaired. This demonstrates the important role of both IL-18 and IL-12 in NK activity, as well as in in vivo Th1 response...
  51. ncbi Accumulation of CRTH2-positive T-helper 2 and T-cytotoxic 2 cells at implantation sites of human decidua in a prostaglandin D(2)-mediated manner
    Toshihiko Michimata
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
    Mol Hum Reprod 8:181-7. 2002
    ..a novel surface maker of Th2/Tc2, the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule CRTH2, which is expressed on Th2 cells, we show that CRTH2(+) Th2 cells and CRTH2(+) Tc2 cells are significantly increased at the materno-fetal ..
  52. ncbi IL-10 and the dangers of immune polarization: excessive type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses induce distinct forms of lethal immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis
    K F Hoffmann
    Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Immunol 164:6406-16. 2000
    ....
  53. ncbi IL-4 rapidly produced by V beta 4 V alpha 8 CD4+ T cells instructs Th2 development and susceptibility to Leishmania major in BALB/c mice
    P Launois
    World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
    Immunity 6:541-9. 1997
    ..Thus, the IL-4 required for Th2 development and susceptibility to L. major is produced by a restricted population of V beta 4 V alpha 8 CD4+ T cells after cognate interaction with a single antigen from this complex organism...
  54. ncbi The natural killer T-cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide prevents autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice
    S Hong
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
    Nat Med 7:1052-6. 2001
    ..cells, to increase serum immunoglobulin E levels, and to promote the generation of islet autoantigen-specific Th2 cells. Because alpha-GalCer recognition by NKT cells is conserved among mice and humans, these findings indicate that ..
  55. ncbi Toll/IL-1 signaling is critical for house dust mite-specific helper T cell type 2 and type 17 [corrected] responses
    Simon Phipps
    Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2300 Australia
    Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179:883-93. 2009
    ....
  56. ncbi An IL-13 inhibitor blocks the development of hepatic fibrosis during a T-helper type 2-dominated inflammatory response
    M G Chiaramonte
    Schistosomiasis Immunology and Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    J Clin Invest 104:777-85. 1999
    ..Thus, our findings provide evidence that IL-13 inhibitors may be of general therapeutic benefit in preventing damaging tissue fibrosis resulting from Th2-dominated inflammatory responses...
  57. ncbi Welcome to the neighborhood: epithelial cell-derived cytokines license innate and adaptive immune responses at mucosal sites
    Steven A Saenz
    Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 4539, USA
    Immunol Rev 226:172-90. 2008
    ....
  58. ncbi IL-13Ralpha2 and IL-10 coordinately suppress airway inflammation, airway-hyperreactivity, and fibrosis in mice
    Mark S Wilson
    Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, and Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    J Clin Invest 117:2941-51. 2007
    ..Thus, IL-10 and IL-13Ralpha2 are both required to control chronic Th2-driven pathological responses...
  59. ncbi Strategies for use of IL-10 or its antagonists in human disease
    Anne O'Garra
    Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
    Immunol Rev 223:114-31. 2008
    ..This article reviews basic published studies on IL-10, which may lead to potential uses of IL-10 or its antagonists in human disease...
  60. ncbi Interferons direct Th2 cell reprogramming to generate a stable GATA-3(+)T-bet(+) cell subset with combined Th2 and Th1 cell functions
    Ahmed N Hegazy
    Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
    Immunity 32:116-28. 2010
    ..Th1 cell-promoting lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) reprogrammed otherwise stably committed GATA-3(+) Th2 cells to adopt a GATA-3(+)T-bet(+) and interleukin-4(+)interferon-gamma(+) "Th2+1" phenotype that was ..
  61. ncbi Retnla (relmalpha/fizz1) suppresses helminth-induced Th2-type immunity
    John T Pesce
    Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    PLoS Pathog 5:e1000393. 2009
    ..Thus, the Th2-inducible gene Retnla suppresses resistance to GI nematode infection, pulmonary granulomatous inflammation, and fibrosis by negatively regulating Th2-dependent responses...
  62. ncbi The immune response to parasitic helminths: insights from murine models
    William C Gause
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
    Trends Immunol 24:269-77. 2003
  63. ncbi The transcription factor STAT3 is required for T helper 2 cell development
    Gretta L Stritesky
    Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
    Immunity 34:39-49. 2011
    ..Thus, STAT3 cooperates with STAT6 in promoting Th2 cell development. These results demonstrate that differentiating T helper cells integrate multiple STAT protein signals during Th2 cell development...
  64. ncbi IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages
    Casey T Weaver
    Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Annu Rev Immunol 25:821-52. 2007
    ....
  65. ncbi Th1/Th2 balance: an important indicator of efficacy for intra-arterial chemotherapy
    Hidenari Nagai
    Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toho University Medical Center, Omori Hospital, 6 11 1, Omorinishi, Ota ku, Tokyo, 143 8541, Japan
    Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 62:959-63. 2008
    ..The aim of this study was to assess the influence of intra-arterial combination chemotherapy on the Th1/Th2 balance in LC patients with aHCC...
  66. ncbi House dust extracts have both TH2 adjuvant and tolerogenic activities
    Nicholas Ng
    Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0663, USA
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 117:1074-81. 2006
    ....
  67. ncbi The role of helper and regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo
    Pinar Y Basak
    Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
    J Am Acad Dermatol 60:256-60. 2009
    ..There is also a proposed role for cytokines in the depigmentation observed in vitiligo. However, previous reports on the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of vitiligo have been few in number...
  68. ncbi Deficiency of tenascin C attenuates allergen-induced bronchial asthma in the mouse
    Hiroki Nakahara
    Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
    Eur J Immunol 36:3334-45. 2006
    ..These observations suggest that TN-C is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma...
  69. ncbi CD4+ T cell plasticity-Th2 cells join the crowd
    Jinfang Zhu
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Immunity 32:11-3. 2010
    ..report that in response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, fully differentiated virus-specific Th2 cells can be reprogrammed into GATA-3(+)T-bet(+) cells capable of producing both interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma.
  70. ncbi TIM-4 is the ligand for TIM-1, and the TIM-1-TIM-4 interaction regulates T cell proliferation
    Jennifer Hartt Meyers
    Department of Neurology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nat Immunol 6:455-64. 2005
    ..These data suggest that the TIM-1-TIM-4 interaction is involved in regulating T cell proliferation...
  71. ncbi Activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1 regulates immune and skin allergic responses
    Veronique Angeli
    Unite 547, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 17, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
    J Immunol 172:3822-9. 2004
    ..We propose that DP1 activation by specific agonists may represent a strategy to control cutaneous inflammatory Th2-associated diseases...
  72. ncbi Immunoglobulin G4: an odd antibody
    R C Aalberse
    Sanquin and Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Clin Exp Allergy 39:469-77. 2009
    ..The existence of the IgG4 subclass, its up-regulation by anti-inflammatory factors and its own anti-inflammatory characteristics may help the immune system to dampen inappropriate inflammatory reactions...
  73. ncbi Expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-5 (SOCS5) negatively regulates IL-4-dependent STAT6 activation and Th2 differentiation
    Yoh Ichi Seki
    Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda City, Chiba 278 0022, Japan
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:13003-8. 2002
    ..Therefore, the induced SOCS5 protein in Th1 differentiation environment may play an important role by regulating Th1 and Th2 balance...
  74. ncbi Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T-helper type 2 allergies
    T E Sutherland
    Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    Clin Exp Allergy 39:943-55. 2009
    ....
  75. ncbi Mucin gene deficiency in mice impairs host resistance to an enteric parasitic infection
    Sumaira Z Hasnain
    Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
    Gastroenterology 138:1763-71. 2010
    ..Nevertheless, the precise role of mucins in host defense in nematode infection is not known. We investigated the role of the mucin (Muc2) in worm expulsion and host immunity in a model of nematode infection...
  76. ncbi Sensitisation, asthma, and a modified Th2 response in children exposed to cat allergen: a population-based cross-sectional study
    T Platts-Mills
    University of Virginia Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
    Lancet 357:752-6. 2001
    ..We investigated the immune response to cat and mite allergens, and asthma among children with a wide range of allergen exposure...
  77. ncbi Cutting edge: The ST2 ligand IL-33 potently activates and drives maturation of human mast cells
    Zoulfia Allakhverdi
    Laboratory on Allergy, Centre Hospitalier de L Universite de Montreal Research Center, Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    J Immunol 179:2051-4. 2007
    ..Taken together, these results suggest that IL-33 may play an important role in mast cell-mediated inflammation and further emphasize the role of innate immunity in allergic diseases...
  78. ncbi Suppression of TH2-type allergic reactions by helminth infection
    Padraic G Fallon
    Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Centre for Health Sciences, St James s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
    Nat Rev Immunol 7:220-30. 2007
    ..Harnessing current mechanistic studies for translational research into helminth infections and atopy might have potential for the identification of novel biomarkers, and even therapeutics, in allergic diseases...
  79. ncbi The Trichuris muris system: a paradigm of resistance and susceptibility to intestinal nematode infection
    Laura J Cliffe
    School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
    Adv Parasitol 57:255-307. 2004
    ....
  80. ncbi Endogenous IL-4 is necessary for effective drug therapy against visceral leishmaniasis
    J Alexander
    Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, GB
    Eur J Immunol 30:2935-43. 2000
    ..These results demonstrate that IL-4 has an important role in effective anti-leishmanial chemotherapy which seems to be related to modulation of IFN-gamma production...
  81. ncbi Crucial role of the interleukin 1 receptor family member T1/ST2 in T helper cell type 2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses
    A J Coyle
    Department of Biology, Inflammation Division, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
    J Exp Med 190:895-902. 1999
    ..To determine if these effects were mediated by a direct effect on Th2 cells, we next used a murine adoptive transfer model of Th1- and Th2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses...
  82. ncbi Chronic helminth infection induces alternatively activated macrophages expressing high levels of CCR5 with low interleukin-12 production and Th2-biasing ability
    Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
    Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, D F Mexico 14080, Mexico
    Infect Immun 70:3656-64. 2002
    ..These data demonstrate that helminth infections can induce different macrophage populations that have Th2-biasing properties...
  83. ncbi Expanding the effector CD4 T-cell repertoire: the Th17 lineage
    Laurie E Harrington
    Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
    Curr Opin Immunol 18:349-56. 2006
    ....
  84. ncbi Ex vivo rapamycin generates apoptosis-resistant donor Th2 cells that persist in vivo and prevent hemopoietic stem cell graft rejection
    Jacopo Mariotti
    Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Immunol 180:89-105. 2008
    Because ex vivo rapamycin generates murine Th2 cells that prevent Graft-versus-host disease more potently than control Th2 cells, we hypothesized that rapamycin would generate Th2/Tc2 cells (Th2/Tc2...
  85. ncbi Microenvironment-dependent requirement of STAT4 for the induction of P-selectin ligands and effector cytokines on CD4+ T cells in healthy and parasite-infected mice
    Uta Syrbe
    Charite, Campus Mitte, Experimentelle Rheumatologie, c o Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Schumannstrasse 21 22, 10117 Berlin, Germany
    J Immunol 177:7673-9. 2006
    ..induction of these ligands as well as differentiation of CD4+ T cells into IFN-gamma-producing Th1 but not Th2 cells. STAT4 is strongly involved in these processes...
  86. ncbi Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine-enhanced disease
    Elaine M Castilow
    Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, 3 532 Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Immunol Res 39:225-39. 2007
    ..Information gained from the animal models will provide important information and novel approaches for the rational design of a safe and efficacious RSV vaccine...
  87. ncbi Cross-linking of the mannose receptor on monocyte-derived dendritic cells activates an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive program
    Marcello Chieppa
    Department of Immunology, Istituto Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
    J Immunol 171:4552-60. 2003
    ....
  88. ncbi Gonadectomy of male BALB/c mice increases Tim-3(+) alternatively activated M2 macrophages, Tim-3(+) T cells, Th2 cells and Treg in the heart during acute coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis
    Sylvia Frisancho-Kiss
    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Brain Behav Immun 23:649-57. 2009
    ..Additionally, IL-4(+)CD4(+) Th2 cells, Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells and Tim-3(+)CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in the heart ..
  89. ncbi PU.1 expression delineates heterogeneity in primary Th2 cells
    Hua Chen Chang
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
    Immunity 22:693-703. 2005
    ..Th2 cytokine production is decreased in cultures transduced with a PU.1-expressing retrovirus and increased in Th2 cells following RNAi that decreases PU.1 expression. In primary cultures, PU...
  90. ncbi Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and OX40 ligand pathway in the initiation of dendritic cell-mediated allergic inflammation
    Yong Jun Liu
    Department of Immunology and Center for Cancer Immunology Research, M D Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030 1903, USA
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 120:238-44; quiz 245-6. 2007
    ..Therefore, TSLP and OX40 ligand may represent important targets for intervention of the initiation of allergic inflammatory responses...
  91. ncbi Human basophils and eosinophils are the direct target leukocytes of the novel IL-1 family member IL-33
    Tatjana Pecaric-Petkovic
    Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
    Blood 113:1526-34. 2009
    ..Only upon CD3/CD28-ligation, IL-33 weakly enhances Th2 cytokine expression by in vivo polarized Th2 cells. This study on primary human cells demonstrates that basophils and eosinophils are the only direct target ..
  92. ncbi Peanut- and cow's milk-specific IgE, Th2 cells and local anaphylactic reaction are induced in Balb/c mice orally sensitized with cholera toxin
    K Adel-Patient
    Laboratoire Inra d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA de Saclay, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
    Allergy 60:658-64. 2005
    ..injections with alum or gavages with cholera toxin (CT). The WPPE specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were monitored. Th2 cells activation was analysed assaying interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 vs IFNgamma on reactivated splenocytes...
  93. ncbi Expression of IL-4 receptor alpha on smooth muscle cells is not necessary for development of experimental allergic asthma
    Frank Kirstein
    Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 126:347-54. 2010
    ..In vitro studies have suggested that IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) signaling on smooth muscle cells is critical for airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness...
  94. ncbi Natural killer T cells are not the predominant T cell in asthma and likely modulate, not cause, asthma
    Seddon Y Thomas
    Department of Pathology, Committee on Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:980-4. 2010
    ....
  95. ncbi IL-4Rα-responsive smooth muscle cells contribute to initiation of TH2 immunity and pulmonary pathology in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections
    W G C Horsnell
    Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
    Mucosal Immunol 4:83-92. 2011
    ..Together, these data demonstrate that both IL-4Rα and NES-driven responses by smooth muscle cells make important contributions in initiating T(H)2 responses against N. brasiliensis infections...
  96. ncbi The TIM gene family: emerging roles in immunity and disease
    Vijay K Kuchroo
    Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nat Rev Immunol 3:454-62. 2003
    ..Here, we describe the various TIM-family members in mice and humans, and discuss the genetic and functional evidence for their role in regulating autoimmune and allergic diseases...
  97. ncbi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5)-mediated N-glycosylation negatively regulates Th1 cytokine production by T cells
    Rodney Morgan
    Department of Antibacterials, Immunology, and Cancer, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
    J Immunol 173:7200-8. 2004
    The differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into either proinflammatory Th1 or proallergic Th2 cells strongly influences autoimmunity, allergy, and tumor immune surveillance...
  98. ncbi IL-15 induces type 1 and type 2 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells proliferation but is unable to drive cytokine production in the absence of TCR activation or IL-12 / IL-4 stimulation in vitro
    Wanda Niedbala
    Department of Immunology and Bacteriology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, GB
    Eur J Immunol 32:341-7. 2002
    ..The levels of these cells are maintained by IL-15 and they are only mobilized to carry out effector functions when subsequently confronted with specific pathogens...
  99. ncbi Ox40 costimulation enhances the development of T cell responses induced by dendritic cells in vivo
    Thibaut De Smedt
    Discovery Research Department, Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
    J Immunol 168:661-70. 2002
    ..Thus, by enhancing immune responses induced by DCs in vivo, the Ox40 pathway might be a target for immune intervention in therapeutic settings that use DCs as Ag-delivery vehicles...
  100. ncbi [Effect of glaucocalyxin A on level of Th1/Th2 type cytokines in mice]
    Zi jun Chen
    Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 31:1257-60. 2006
    ..To research the effect of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) on the level of Th1/Th2 type cytokines in mice...
  101. ncbi Indirect IL-4 pathway in type 1 immunity
    Alexey Y Karulin
    Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
    J Immunol 168:545-53. 2002
    ..Therefore, the indirect pathway of IL-4 production represents a novel type of interaction between the innate and the adoptive immune system that can contribute to the outcome of host defense and immune pathology...

Research Grants84

  1. Immunomodulation of inflammatory disease by atorvastatin
    Scott Zamvil; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..treatment induced a Th2 bias that was associated with STAT6 phosphorylation, and promoted differentiation of Th2 cells that adoptively transferred protection to untreated mice...
  2. Functional cloning of S. mansoni egg-specific Th2 cells
    Markus Mohrs; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The abrupt emergence of Th2 cells weeks after infection of the human or murine host coincides with the deposition of S. mansoni eggs...
  3. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MHC LINKED SUSCEPTIBILITY
    Kai Wucherpfennig; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..of particular interest because they are the major source of IL-4 for the differentiation of naive T cells into Th2 cells. The relevance of findings in the transgenic mouse model for the pathogenesis of the human disease will be ..
  4. T CELLS IN LUNG INFLAMMATION
    Peter Kao; Fiscal Year: 2000
    ..Understanding T-cell cytokine expression and its modulation by immunosuppressant drugs and viral transactivating proteins will guide future therapies of lung inflammation. ..
  5. IL-13 Associated Eosinophil Lung Responses
    Marc E Rothenberg; Fiscal Year: 2010
    Clinical and experimental investigations have demonstrated a strong correlation between Th2 cells, eosinophils and allergic lung disease severity suggesting an integral role for both of these cells in asthma...
  6. IL-13 Associated Eosinophil Lung Responses
    MARC ROTHENBERG; Fiscal Year: 2009
    Clinical and experimental investigations have demonstrated a strong correlation between Th2 cells, eosinophils and allergic lung disease severity suggesting an integral role for both of these cells in asthma...
  7. ROLE OF CHEMOKINES IN T CELL MEDIATED COLITIS
    James Lillard; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..T helper type l (Thl) cells secreting TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma have been emphasized in ulcerative colitis, while Th2 cells may be more closely associated with Crohn's disease...
  8. The role of CBir1 flagellin-specific Th17 and Th1 effector cells in colitis
    Yingzi Cong; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..CD4+ T (Th17) cells have recently been defined as a separate effector T cell lineage distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. Both Th17 and Th1 responses are elevated in animal models of colitis and in patients with inflammatory bowel ..
  9. The role of CBir1 flagellin-specific Th17 and Th1 effector cells in colitis
    Yingzi Cong; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..CD4+ T (Th17) cells have recently been defined as a separate effector T cell lineage distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. Both Th17 and Th1 responses are elevated in animal models of colitis and in patients with inflammatory bowel ..
  10. MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION & SUBSTANCE P RECEPTOR EXPRESSION
    KENNETH BOST; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..All of these enhance Th1 responses. IL-10 is also induced by substance P and enhances Th2 cells. Another product, TGFbeta, is immunosuppressive...
  11. MICROBES, DENDRITIC CELL SUBSETS AND T-CELL IMMUNITY
    Bali Pulendran; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..cells differentiate into Thl cells, which produce IFNy; in contrast, helminths induce the differentiation of Th2 cells, whose cytokines (principally IL-4, IL-5 & ILl0) induce IgE and eosinophil-mediated destruction of the ..
  12. HUMAN IL-13 GENE REGULATION AND IMPACT OF POLYMORPHISMS
    Donata Vercelli; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..activity, whereas /L73-1112CT, a SNP in the IL13 promoter, leads to increased IL13 transcription in polarized Th2 cells. Furthermore, we generated a high resolution map of DNase I hypersensitive (HS) sites in the IL13 locus of ..
  13. PARP activity in allergic inflammation
    Shreevrat Goenka; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..IFN-??plays a major role in Th1 responses but inhibits the development of Th2 cells, while IL-4 promotes Th2 immunity and inhibits Th1 differentiation...
  14. TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI MUCOSAL & SYSTEMIC PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY
    DANIEL HOFT; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..CD4+ Th2 cells (secreting IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10) induce secretory IgA, protective against mucosal pathogens...
  15. T cell function in asthma depends on a novel signaling pathway
    Julia K L Walker; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..that agonist binding of CCR4 leads to activation of a arrestin-2-dependent cell signaling mechanism in Th2 cells. 2...
  16. The interdependence between T and B cells in Th2 cell differentiation
    Markus Mohrs; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Our preliminary data provide two key findings. First, IL-4R1-/- mice initiate the differentiation of Th2 cells early on, but in contrast to wt mice, their expansion and maturation is aborted...
  17. T CELL CONTROL OF AIRWAY MUCUS PRODUCTION
    Lauren Cohn; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..that lead to mucus production, using a murine system we developed to study the inflammatory effects of Th1 and Th2 cells in the respiratory tract...
  18. Feasibility Study of Novel Drug Target for Multiple Sclerosis
    Scott Thacher; Fiscal Year: 2007
    A novel class of T helper cell, distinct from TH1 and TH2 cells, has been implicated in the development of murine experimentally-acquired encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS)...
  19. Immune Tolerance in the Newborn Mouse
    Habib Zaghouani; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..10 T cells were traced with KJ1-26 antibody and their responses analyzed. We have evidence that both Th1 and Th2 cells developed upon priming with antigen on the day of birth...