heart

The notion of the adult heart as terminally differentiated organ without self-renewal potential has been undermined by the existence of a subpopulation of replicating myocytes in normal and pathological states...

..cardiovascular cell lineages is a critical step during human cardiogenesis, with major implications for congenital heart disease...

Accurate control of tissue-specific gene expression plays a pivotal role in heart development, but few cardiac transcriptional enhancers have thus far been identified...

Cardiac fibroblasts are the most prevalent cell type in the heart and play a key role in regulating normal myocardial function and in the adverse myocardial remodeling that occurs with hypertension, myocardial infarction and heart ..

Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem (hES) cells could be useful in restoring heart function after myocardial infarction or in heart failure...

The heart, an ancient organ and the first to form and function during embryogenesis, evolved by the addition of new structures and functions to a primitive pump...

Endogenous H(2)S is synthesized mainly by cystathionine gamma-lyase in the heart. The present study investigated the role of H(2)S in cardioprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning...

..Until now there has been little evidence for native cardiac precursor cells in the postnatal heart. Herein, we report the identification of isl1+ cardiac progenitors in postnatal rat, mouse and human myocardium...

The heart responds to diverse forms of stress by hypertrophic growth accompanied by fibrosis and eventual diminution of contractility, which results from down-regulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC) and up-regulation of betaMHC,..

..Several themes are emerging that are relevant for childhood and adult heart disease and the growing field of stem cell biology...

..components of the velocities of blood flow relative to the three spatial dimensions and the time course of the heart cycle...

The mammalian heart is formed from distinct sets of first and second heart field (FHF and SHF, respectively) progenitors...

..Correspondingly, excess miR-1 in the developing heart leads to a decreased pool of proliferating ventricular cardiomyocytes...

The intimate connection between the brain and the heart was enunciated by Claude Bernard over 150 years ago. In our neurovisceral integration model we have tried to build on this pioneering work...

Altered fractal heart rate (HR) dynamics occur during various disease states, but the physiological background of abnormal fractal HR behavior is not well known...

..Using heart development as an experimental framework, we employed a combination of Gibbs sampling and linear regression to ..

..A growing number of studies support the idea that physical exercise is a lifestyle factor that might lead to increased physical and mental health throughout life...

b>Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the western world. The heart has little regenerative capacity after damage, leading to much interest in understanding the factors required to produce new cardiac myocytes...

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance is present in the setting of congestive heart failure. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring incretin with both insulinotropic and insulinomimetic properties...

In the heart, the energy supplied by mitochondria to myofibrils is continuously and finely tuned to the contraction requirement over a wide range of cardiac loads...

..retain a robust capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout life, but the same is not true of the adult mammalian heart. Whether the capacity for cardiac regeneration is absent in mammals or whether it exists and is switched off early ..

..Chronic treatment with losartan decreases cardiac and skeletal muscle fibrosis and improves cardiac systolic function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice...

..Amniotic membrane is known to have the ability to transdifferentiate into multiple organs and is expected to stimulate a reduced immunologic reaction...

In this study, we tested whether the human heart possesses a cardiac stem cell (CSC) pool that promotes regeneration after infarction...

Mutations of the transcription factor Nkx2-5 cause pleiotropic heart defects with incomplete penetrance. This variability suggests that additional factors can affect or prevent the mutant phenotype...

BACKGROUND: Cases in which a male patient receives a heart from a female donor provide an unusual opportunity to test whether primitive cells translocate from the recipient to the graft and whether cells with the phenotypic ..

The Frank-Starling law of the heart describes the interrelationship between end-diastolic volume and cardiac ejection volume, a regulatory system that operates on a beat-to-beat basis...

..that endurance exercise training (treadmill running) enhanced cardiac parasympathetic regulation (increased heart rate variability), restored a more normal beta-adrenoceptor balance (i.e...

..Our current findings support the premise that transplantation of antiapoptotic gene-modified MSCs may have values for mediating substantial functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction...

..Randomized LR patterning of visceral organs including the liver, pancreas, and heart was observed in the knockdown embryos...

..the coronary vasculature to match increased oxygen consumption and exploit this finding to generate a hypoperfused heart. Importantly, ensuing ischemia is tunable to a level at which large cohorts of cardiomyocytes are driven to enter ..

..have been reported to exist in various adult organs, there have been few reports concerning stem cells in the heart. We here demonstrate that Sca-1-positive (Sca-1+) cells in adult hearts have some of the features of stem cells...

Embryonic heart formation requires the union of bilateral populations of cardiomyocytes and their reorganization into a simple tube...

..Among these proteins, Rad (Ras associated with diabetes) is highly expressed in the heart, although its role in the heart remains unknown...

Clinical and research data indicate that active and passive changes in the mechanical environment of the heart are capable of influencing both the initiation and the spread of cardiac excitation via pathways that are intrinsic to the ..

..Together, these data indicate that SmyD1a and SmyD1b are histone methyltransferases and play a critical role in myofibril organization during myofiber maturation...

..Thus, PDE5A regulation of cGMP in the heart can potently modulate beta-adrenergic stimulation, and alterations in enzyme localization and reduced synthesis ..

The leech heartbeat CPG is paced by the alternating bursting of pairs of mutually inhibitory heart interneurons that form elemental half-center oscillators...

..Therefore, the regulation of cardiac presynaptic sympathetic neurotransmission was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY)...

..affects native I(Kr) and report the effects that activating this potassium current have in the intact guinea pig heart. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, the compound showed a concentration-dependent shortening of action potential ..

..transition between end-diastolic and end-systolic FL coordinates provides a valuable extension to the range of tools available for the study of single cardiomyocyte mechanics, to foster its interrelation with whole heart pathophysiology.

The Drosophila heart has proven itself to be an excellent model for human cardiac development and recent investigations suggest that it may serve as a model for human heart function as well...

..factor (SRF), a cardiac-enriched transcription factor, is required for the appearance of beating sarcomeres in the heart. SRF may also direct the expression of microRNAs (miRs) that inhibit the expression of cardiac regulatory factors...

..We present DPF3, a new epigenetic key factor for heart and muscle development characterized by a double PHD finger...

It is well established that cardiac metabolism is abnormal in heart failure (HF)...

..Here, we examined whether expressing this minigene in the heart, but not skeletal muscle, could normalize cardiac function in the mdx model of DMD cardiomyopathy...

..Toxicity models have suggested that a reduction of the heart volume treated to high doses might be particularly advantageous...

..Thus, Spns2 in the YSL functions as a S1P transporter in S1P secretion, thereby regulating myocardial precursor migration...

..Beneficial effects include cardioprotection both in vitro and during ischemia/reperfusion in an ex vivo whole heart mouse model...

The ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) study prospectively evaluated iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-mIBG) imaging for identifying symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients most likely ..

..However, its prognosis becomes poor after the development of overt heart failure, possibly even worse than ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies...

..To elucidate the function of endogenous Nox4 in the heart, we generated cardiac-specific Nox4(-/-) (c-Nox4(-/-)) mice...

..5% methylcellulose, Group-V, n=12). After oral administration for 2 months, body weight, heart weight (HW), heart rate (HR), rat alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (r-ANP) in blood, central venous pressure (CVP),..

..vertebrate species are able to regenerate their hearts, including the zebrafish, which can fully regenerate its heart after amputation of up to 20% of the ventricle...

..load initially induces cardiac hypertrophy with preserved contractility, sustained overload eventually leads to heart failure through poorly understood mechanisms...

Developmental changes in contractile behavior are known to occur during fetal and postnatal heart development. In this study, we examined whether adaptations take place in titin...

..Preconditioning of BMSCs enhanced their survival and ability to attenuate LV remodeling, which was attributable, in part, to paracrine effects...

....

An intra-arterially perfused working heart-brainstem preparation (WH-BP) was developed to allow studies into functionally identified cardiovascular and respiratory neurones in an in vitro milieu...

Although there have been important advances in diagnostic modalities and therapeutic strategies for congenital heart defects (CHD), these malformations still lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the human population...

..results in two splice variants termed H-myomesin and S-myomesin, which represent the major myomesin species in heart and skeletal muscle of avian species, respectively...

..Here, we describe progressive changes of heart function in aging fruit flies: from one to seven weeks of a fly's age, the resting heart rate decreases and the ..

1. Mechanoelectric feedback (MEF) in the heart is the process by which mechanical forces on the myocardium can change its electrical properties...

..The cell membrane versus vascular localization of Hsp70 suggests the interesting possibility of functionally distinct roles for Hsp70 in the heart, whether induced by insulin or heat shock treatment.

..GLP-1 has direct effects on the normal heart, reducing contractility, but increasing myocardial glucose uptake through a non-Akt-1-dependent mechanism, ..

..Furthermore, beta2-AR stimulation is reported to improve Ca2+ handling and contribute to antiapoptosis. However, there is little information on the effects of clenbuterol during LV unloading...

The concept of regenerating diseased myocardium by implantation of tissue-engineered heart muscle is intriguing, but convincing evidence is lacking that heart tissues can be generated at a size and with contractile properties that would ..

....

..Thus the accumulation of [H+]i as well as occurrence of intracellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload may explain the lack of beneficial effects of MIA in preventing the ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury...

..infarction; and decreased the number of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, indicating its ability to precondition the heart against ischemic injury. Both apocynin and NAC almost abolished the preconditioning ability of Ang II...

..These results suggest that IMD might be a regulatory factor for cardiovascular function and myocardial hypertrophy as a cardiovascular active peptide...

....

..natriuretic peptide mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and fibrogenesis of heart was assessed by Van Gieson staining...

..Coronary effluent noradrenaline concentrations, as determined in isolated, perfused heart preparations, were higher in 5-month-old SD as compared to age-matched WKY male rats...

..Pressure-overloaded rats showed significantly increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, heart weight-to-body weight ratio, and gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide...

..and adrenomedullin (AM) are potent vasodilators and exert positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart. Receptors for CGRP and AM are calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR)/receptor-activity-modifying protein (RAMP) ..

..The guinea pig heart was isolated and perfused in Langendorff mode with modified Tyrode solution at a flow rate of 10 mL/min...

..In conclusion, in heart failure frequency-dependent myofilament Ca(2+) desensitization, through increased TnI phosphorylation, contributes ..

..Importantly, a 2-wk administration of ghrelin dramatically suppressed the MI-induced increase in heart rate and plasma norepinephrine concentration to the similar levels as in sham-operated controls...

..The potent anti-arrhythmic activity of amiodarone may be attributable, in part at least, to this unique transcriptional remodeling...

..Neuronal TH content was depleted in the left ventricle of both genotypes, whereas NET was unchanged. Basal heart rate and cardiac function were similar in both genotypes, but TGR(ASrAOGEN) hearts were more sensitive to the beta-..

..The changes in E(max) and Q(max) are discordant during the progression of contractile dysfunction in the diabetic heart. In conclusion, our study showed that depressed Q(max) and cardiac mechanical efficiency, occurring preceding ..

..left and right ventricles of the animals at the 8th week after CAL (8w-CAL rats) showed signs indicating chronic heart failure...

..This study examines the extent to which the contractile deficit of diabetic cardiomyopathy is due to altered Ca(2+) homeostasis...

In heart failure chronic sympathetic activation results in contractile dysfunction in part through down-regulation of the beta-adrenoceptor-cAMP system...

..actions of PBN itself, the results of simultaneous investigations of the effects of radical scavengers on isolated heart function may be limited...

..These observations demonstrate that cardiac overexpression of ACE2 exerts protective influence on the heart during myocardial infarction by preserving cardiac functions, LV wall motion and contractility, and by attenuating ..

..We conclude that age-related cardiac sarcopenia occurs in mice and that LV remodeling due to increased end diastolic pressure could be an underlying mechanism for age-related LV dysfunction...

..7-times. The development of ischemia/ reperfusion in 2-nd group caused increase of free AA content in heart tissue by 3.5-times, whereas in 4-th group this increase was only by 1.4-time...

..001). In summary, the current study demonstrates that pretreatment with GSP offers significant protection against LQQ envenomation possibly via enhancement of the antioxidant defense systems...

..R. siamensis (0.4-12 mg/kg) i.v. increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate. Both effects were significantly inhibited by phentolamine (2 mg/kg, i.v.) or propranolol (0.6 mg/kg, i.v.)...

Vagal nerve stimulation has been suggested to ameliorate left ventricular (LV) remodeling in heart failure...

..Administration of caspase inhibitors 4 h after endotoxin treatment was not able to protect the rat heart from myocardial dysfunction and nuclear apoptosis...

..exerting GH-dependent or GH-independent effects via GH secretagogue receptor on many organs, including the heart. The underlying mechanisms of the cardiotropic properties of GHRP are poorly understood...

..Under normoxia, the isolated heart beat spontaneously and regularly, and all baseline functional parameters were similar in sham and paced groups (..

..adenovirus at 3 x 108 active virus particles yielded homogeneous transfection of approximately 80% throughout the heart and did not affect heart rate, force of contraction, or response to isoprenaline compared with uninfected controls ..

..The results indicate, however, that NO synthase pathway did not interfere with the protection afforded by NHE or NCE in our model...

..The specific aims are: 1) To test the hypothesis that autonomic activity to the heart modulates APDs, DOR and to determine the mechanisms underlying this neuromodulation by mapping simultaneously ..

..We will assess Hypothesis 1 (in intact heart and at the tissue level): Woodchuck hearts exhibit greater resistance to ischemia-induced VF and SCD in winter...

..and their functional consequences on the electrical and intracellular free Ca2+ (Cai) handling properties of the heart. Clinical studies have shown that women have longer corrected QT intervals (QTc), a greater propensity to drug-..

..The acute and chronic effects of cTnT-ND on heart function and its role in overcoming energetic crisis will be investigated in ex vivo working hearts and in vivo...

..The specific aims are: 1) To test the hypothesis that autonomic activity to the heart modulates APDs, DOR and to determine the mechanisms underlying this neuromodulation by mapping simultaneously ..

..phosphatases is the biochemical basis for the cardioprotective properties of fostriecin observed in ischemic heart tissue...

..of this award we demonstrated that myocardial insulin and IGF-1 signaling regulates mitochondrial function in the heart, and that insulin signaling is required for maintaining myocardial viability in the face of hemodynamic stressors ..

..dominant disease originating from mutations in genes that encode for the major contractile proteins of the heart, including the ventricular myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains...

..ii) electroporation is not limited to the epicardium and endocardium but is present across the whole heart wall; (iii) electroporation and shock-induced arrhythmias can be inhibited by application of membrane sealing ..

..electroporation is not limited to the epicardium and endocardium but is present across the whole heart wall;(iii) electroporation and shock-induced arrhythmias can be inhibited by application of membrane sealing ..

..of uncoupling protein (UCP)-2, as an adaptive process within mitochondria from hibernating and preconditioned heart tissue in the "Second Window of Protection" (SWOP), is protective against anoxia...

..leads to an array of events in the myocardium that include ischemic infarction, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure...

..CREB in mediating cardioprotection and to identify other key signaling molecules linked to CREB which protect the heart against apoptosis and necrosis following a myocardial ischemic instance; (2) examine whether mechanisms mediating ..

..CREB in mediating cardioprotection and to identify other key signaling molecules linked to CREB which protect the heart against apoptosis and necrosis following a myocardial ischemic instance; (2) examine whether mechanisms mediating ..

..During increased work load on the heart, PARP is activated in a linear fashion proportional to the intensity of cardiac hypertrophy, and massive PARP ..

..During increased work load on the heart, PARP is activated in a linear fashion proportional to the intensity of cardiac hypertrophy, and massive PARP ..

..SR Ca2+ release and serves as an important regulatory mechanism to enhance cardiac contractility at faster heart rates...

..SR Ca2+ release and serves as an important regulatory mechanism to enhance cardiac contractility at faster heart rates...

..During increased work load on the heart, PARP is activated in a linear fashion proportional to the intensity of cardiac hypertrophy, and massive PARP ..

..SR Ca2+ release and serves as an important regulatory mechanism to enhance cardiac contractility at faster heart rates...

..myocardial infarction, IPC is known to induce nitric oxide (NO), which can mediate various processes in the heart to minimize ischemic injury...

..lethal mutation in axolotls (salamanders), Ambystoma mexicanum, is an intriguing model for studying early heart development, because homozygous embryos (c/c) form hearts that are deficient in tropomyosin, lack organized ..

..myocardial infarction, IPC is known to induce nitric oxide (NO), which can mediate various processes in the heart to minimize ischemic injury...

..increasingly recognized that altered cardiac energy metabolism is integral of the development and progression of heart failure, optimizing metabolism of the failing heart has proven to be a challenge as the mechanisms linking ..

..We believe this is of benefit to the heart. Support of a beneficial effect comes from our studies in which we show that inducing demethylation of PP2aC prior ..

..Humans with HCM caused by an autosomal dominant mutation (R403Q) in the predominant motor protein in the heart (1-myosin heavy chain) show a similar sex difference in cardiac disease progression...

..Humans with HCM caused by an autosomal dominant mutation (R403Q) in the predominant motor protein in the heart (1-myosin heavy chain) show a similar sex difference in cardiac disease progression...

..and genetic mechanisms that regulate myocardial cell differentiation and myofibrillogenesis in the developing heart. Ambystoma mixicanum is an intriguing model for studying heart development because it carries a mutation in gene c ..

..Project Narrative Relevance: Results of this research will enhance the capabilities of ultrasonic imaging of the heart as an effective tool in aiding diagnoses of heart disease...

..Project Narrative Relevance: Results of this research will enhance the capabilities of ultrasonic imaging of the heart as an effective tool in aiding diagnoses of heart disease...

Alterations in the signal transduction pathways which regulate Ca2+ dependent force in the heart contribute to the impaired contractile function in heart failure...