gills

..FMO expression and activity increased significantly and in a salinity dependent manner in osmoregulatory organs (gills, kidney and gut) in both juveniles and adult trout and, furthermore, in RBC in adults...

..sp. (63% prevalence) and two with Myxobolus peculiaris n. sp. (5% prevalence) in the gills. Spores were studied by staining and fresh spores were observed by differential interference contrast optics...

..cuculus. Cr and Pb concentrations in the liver and Cu concentrations in all the tissues of Scomberesox saurus also showed very significant (P<0.001) negative relationships. Negative relationships found here were discussed...

..maenas hemoglobin does not reside in the hemolymph but is restricted to the gills. Immunofluorescence studies and cell fractioning showed that C...

..The major invertebrate phosphagen kinase, arginine kinase, is expressed in the gills of two species of euryhaline crabs, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus and the shore crab Carcinus maenas, in which ..

..b>Gills, a unique and highly studied organ in research on fish osmoregulation and ionoregulation, provide an excellent ..

..with and without addition of specific hormone receptor antagonists (RU486 and spironolactone) was analyzed in gills from freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) acclimated fish...

..Furthermore, landlocked salmon have lost some of the unique preparatory upregulation of gill NKA, NKCC and, to some extent, CFTR anion channel associated with the development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability in anadromous salmon...

..changed, with progressively more cadmium being accumulated in the liver and especially the kidney and less in the gills and the intestine...

..The seasonal variations in the heavy metal load of bream could be attributed rather to the seasonal change in the condition factor of fish than to variations in the pollutant load of the site...

..sea-bass to maintain their hydromineral balance in freshwater and on their ion (re)absorbing abilities through the gills and kidneys. Two different responses were recorded after a long-term freshwater acclimatization...

..Crabs can actively uptake or excrete ions upon salinity change, and the gills play a major role among the osmoregulatory organs...

..Lamellodiscus gussevi Sanfilippo (1978) et Lamellodiscus abbreviatus Sanfilippo (1978) are considered as nomina nuda...

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Chandacleidus n. g. (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) is proposed to include three species collected from the gills of Indian glassfishes (Ambassidae): Chandacleidus recurvatus (Jain, 1961) n. comb. (syn...

We have explored the molecular basis for differences in physiological function between the gills and opercular epithelium of the euryhaline killifish Fundulus heteroclitus...

..At earlier stages, however, O(2)-sensing must occur through another pathway. The possibility that a new type of 5-HT-positive NEC of the gill arches may account for this earlier hypoxic response is discussed...

..The digestive gland and gills of each bivalve were analyzed...

..Within this micro-environment, suppression of the MHC I and possibly the MHC II pathways may inhibit the development of acquired immunity and could explain the unusually high susceptibility of Atlantic salmon to AGD...

..malleus (Monogenea) parasitizing the gills of the barbel (Barbus barbus L.) was investigated...

..The results provide support that cortisol, and not DOC or aldosterone, is involved in regulating the mineralocorticoid functions of ion uptake and salt secretion in teleost fish...

..P. alatus was closest to P. youngi Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1974, from which it differed by having delicate anchors and two prominent anteromedial processes on the ventral bar...

..Low levels of SHBG mRNA are present in zebra fish gills but are unlikely to account for the high amounts of immunoreactive SHBG in filaments and lamellae...

Infection by a microsporidian of the genus Loma was found in gills of cod Gadus morhua. Xenomas contained parasites in multiple stages of development...

..In gills, the transcriptional and translational expression profiles of Na+-K+-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunit genes were ..

..survey of Patagonian freshwater fishes, specimens of a new species of Monogenea were collected from the gills of Percichthys trucha (Perciformes: Percichthyidae)...

..n. (syn. Ancyrocephalus bam Tripathi, 1959) from the gills of Macrognathus pancalus (new host record) and Macrognathus aculeatus (Synbranchiformes: Mastacembelidae) from ..

..The mechanisms of ion regulation in the fish kidney are less well studied than that of their gills, especially at the level of transporter proteins...

..This paved the way to investigate the role of ionoregulatory genes in zebrafish gills during cold acclimation...

..in vitro experimental methods that have been used to help elucidate the ion transport mechanisms of teleost fish gills. It begins with an isolated gill preparation published by Denis Bellamy in 1961 and progresses through many ..

During the transfer of rainbow trout from freshwater to seawater, the gills have to switch from an ion-absorption epithelium to an ion-secretion epithelium in order to maintain equilibrium of their hydromineral balance...

..dose- and time-related effects of benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[alpha]P) on VpGSTp mRNA expression were investigated in gills and digestive gland...

..Results of the current study show that the initial damage to gills of farmed Atlantic salmon, likely produced by nematocyst-derived toxins from the jellyfish, was compounded by ..

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..The MN test and the CA on gill cells highlighted genotoxicity in mussels transplanted downstream compared to upstream...

The interaction between environmental salinity and gene expression was studied in gills of the euryhaline green shore crab Carcinus maenas...

The cypridinid ostracod, Sheina orri, was found on the gills of healthy epaulette sharks, Hemiscyllium ocellatum, collected from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Seventeen of the 28 fish examined had ostracods attached to their gills...

..b>Gills are one of the major organs conducting the internal ionic and acid-base regulation, with specialized ionocytes as ..

Several tissues from different animals, including the rat kidney and the freshwater rainbow trout gills, show an ouabain-insensitive, furosemide-sensitive, Na(+)-stimulated ATPase activity, which has been associated with the active ..

..A phylogenetic analysis places this new myxobolid, Myxobolus albi n. sp., in a basal position of a clade containing the majority of Henneguya spp. sequenced to date and various Myxobolus spp...

..Putative O2-sensitive chemoreceptors were dissociated from the gills of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and cultured...

..0 x 10(-8) M; 4.3 microg/l) inhibits Na(+) and Cl(-) uptake in gills of freshwater rainbow trout...

..Morphologically, the Ichthyobodo species from the skin and gills of halibut differs from I...

..10 d) and depuration (10 d in clean seawater) experiments were conducted to study its intracellular fate in the gills and digestive gland of M. edulis...

..We analysed the immunolocalisation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in the gills using confocal microscopy...

..of limb branches that were already present in multibranched ancestral appendages and probably functioned as gills. The second proposes that wings arose as novel outgrowths of the body wall, not directly related to any pre-..

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..The latter can be grouped into three main classes: proteins involved in the cellular structure, in metabolism, and in defence proteins...

..We studied location and activity of this enzyme in gills of juvenile crabs exposed to 5 per thousand, 25 per thousand, and 40 per thousand salinity...

A new species of amphizoic amoeba, Nuclearia pattersoni sp. n., isolated from gills of Rutilus rutilus L. is described. It is characterised by elongate flattened trophozoites of irregular shape. The longer dimension of their bodies is 13...

..We examined genomic and nongenomic changes to gills of zebrafish as they were progressively acclimated from moderately hard freshwater to typical soft water over 7 ..

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..AQP1 may have a major osmoregulatory role in water transport in kidney and gut in SW-acclimated fish, whereas AQP3 could be implicated in gill water transport in FW-acclimated fish...

..is a model organism for ionoregulatory studies, particularly because of its opercular epithelium, although the gills are the major sites of ion exchange...

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..Furthermore, northern fish increased Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase mRNA expression and activity in their gills to a greater extent 1-14 days after transfer than did southerns, which preceded higher whole-body net flux and ..

..Nevertheless, substantial questions about the evolution of these mechanisms and control remain...

In this proteomic analysis of gills from yellow head virus (YHV)-infected Penaeus vannamei, we identified 13 spots with up-regulated protein expression levels and five spots with down-regulated levels...

We report here the isolation of three isoforms of a novel C-terminally amidated peptide from the gills of red sea bream, Chrysophrys (Pagrus) major...

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..via NH(3) diffusion, as well as passive NH(4)(+) diffusion due to the greater ionic permeability of marine fish gills. Although Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHE) have been isolated in marine fish gills, possible Na(+)/NH(4)(+) exchange ..

..are known to harbor dense populations of gram-negative bacteria within specialized cells (bacteriocytes) in their gills. These symbionts are thought to provide enzymes, e.g...

..The results of this study support the use of tissue-specific patterns of CYP1A expression in identification of target sites and exposure routes for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds...

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..0) for 12 or 48h would induce oxidative stress in gills and brain of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti which has high tolerance of environmental and brain ammonia...

..Thus, Ca is a competitive inhibitor of Zn influx. In water lacking Ca, the Km for Zn in Zn-acclimated fish was no different from that of the control fish, suggesting that the Ca2+/Zn2+ transporter was regulated to improve Ca uptake...

..However, the addition of sediments caused a significant increase in HSP70 levels of gills and mantle, although the mantle was less sensitive to the sediments.

..Cd and Zn uptake increased as salinity decreased. The gills were the most sensitive organs in response to salinity change, and played a more important role in Cd and Zn ..

..Maximum metal accumulation occurred in both liver and gills. For histopathological examinations, samples of gills, liver, and muscle tissues of L...

..columnare. Ninety-four percent of the fish that died were infected by F. columnare in the gills, kidney, or skin, whereas none of the survivors or unexposed control fish was infected...

..Therefore, these changes can be used to investigate the health of resident fish in natural waters with high chromium concentrations as well as provide insight into the mechanisms of chromium toxicity...

..The presence of pollutants in the PF water was denunciated even without a clear relation to the main pollution source distance. The organ specificity was evident for each parameter but without a clear pattern...

..collected from the upper part of the Maroni River in order to analyze mercury (Hg) distribution in six organs (gills, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscle, stomach, and intestine) and to look for a relationship between Hg organotropism ..

..Each was investigated following silver nitrate and protargol impregnation. Morphometric data and comparative descriptions of these trichodinids are provided along with details of their prevalence and intensity of infestation...

..In addition, we extend the working definition of cholesterol-dependent raft integrity to structural dependence on the sulfate moiety of SGC in this membrane...

..to quantify heavy metal (mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic) concentration in tissues (muscles, liver, kidney, gills, and gonads) of six fish species (carp: Cyprinus carpio, tench: Tinca tinca, pumpkinseed: Lepomis gibosus, ..

..None of the koi held in 0.5% salt water showed sleepy disease during a 25 d experimental period; PCR assay revealed no KSD-virus in gills of koi in the same treatment.

..Fish were sampled from the cages over 75 d and changes in metal concentrations were measured in the gills, gut, liver and kidney. In transplanted fish, Cd concentrations decreased most rapidly in the gills and gut, i.e...

..7 to 3.0 microM) in the river. Subsequently, Al accumulated in fish gills (6 to 19 micromol g(-1) dw) causing ionoregulatory and respiratory failures as well as mortality...

..lewini; Cu and Mn in the liver and gills of the mullet Mugil cephalus, respectively; Fe in the liver of the catfish Galeichthys peruvianus; and Zn in ..

..The finding of NHE expression in PNA+ MRCs is discussed with reference to current models of ionic and acid-base regulation in teleost fish...

..Mn and Zn were probably less harmful to the aquatic ecosystem. In India, necessity is felt to develop the CCC values, which will be more appropriate for protection of aquatic environment than comparing with drinking water standards...

Mymarothecium boegeri sp. n. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) is described from the gills of Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Characidae), collected from the aquaria of the "Centro de Pesquisas em Aquicultura, Departamento Nacional de Obras ..

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..The study therefore supports the theory that P. rubescens blooms may be causal to the observed weight reduction and hence fitness of coregonids in pre-alpine lakes such as Lake Ammersee (Germany)...

..Atrophy of epithelial cells, necrosis of epithelial cells, desquamation of mucosal epithelium and infiltration of lymphocytes into the lamina propria were detected in intestine tissues of fish after exposure to fenvalerate...

..Our findings represent the first known species of Urocleidoides from these fishes in Central America and demonstrate that they are morphologically linked to their South American congeners...

..Experimental infection caused deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swollen intestines. The counts of A...

..Cd elimination in tissues of rockfish decreased during the 30 days of depuration except kidney and muscle. Intestine showed the fastest elimination rates of Cd at all concentrations compared with other tissues...

..immunoassays, it was found that the abundance of the water channel protein, aquaporin 3 (AQP3) was unchanged in gills but decreased in kidneys of sea bream upon nitrite exposure...

Polylabris lingaoensis sp. n. is described from the gills of the bald glassy, Ambassis gymnocephalus (Chandidae), from the Gulf of Tonkin (South China Sea), near Lingao, Hainan Province, China...

..The decrease in reduced glutathione in juvenile rainbow trout subjected to the acute sodium selenite exposure suggests that oxidative stress may play an important role in the effects of Se in fish...

..obliqua Lom, 1963 and Trichodinella lomi Xu, Song & Warren, 1999. Morphometric data and comparative descriptions of these trichodinids are provided along with details of their prevalence and intensity of infestation...

..day 20 in the gill tissue of trout fed the Ca-supplemented diet and a decreased Ca concentration on day 35 in the gills of trout fed the control diet...

..This work indicated the possibility of using non-enzymatic antioxidants as biomarkers of exposure to environmental contamination and subsequent validation as a sensitive system for biomonitoring and ecotoxicological risk assessment...

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A formerly undescribed virus has been isolated from the gills of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts in Norway suffering from gill disease. Cytopathic effects appeared in RTgill-W1 cells 9 weeks post-inoculation with gill tissue material...

..We conclude that DOM has direct effects on the gills, as well as protecting fish against acute Cu2+ toxicity...

..As part of this work, the tissue distribution of lead will be determined (e.g., gills, skin and muscle, viscera, skeleton) as well as the temporal relationships between accumulation of lead in the ..

..examples of applications for basic research include developmental biology study of flow dynamics in zebrafish gills and blood circulatory systems...

..Second, alcohol delivery is simple (fish absorb this substance through their gills and skin)...

..Second, alcohol delivery is simple (fish absorb this substance through their gills and skin)...

..of its environment, ease of delivery of water soluble substances such as alcohol (fish absorb it through their gills and skin), and the huge amount of genetic information and genetic tools available...

..I will use a combination of molecular biology, forward and reverse genetic analyses, and patch clamp electrophysiology to identify GCK-3 signaling components. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Any disease syndromes and suspected pathogens observed will be investigated and appropriate control measures applied. ..

..Through this combination of production and basic research, we will improve the model system and extend its usefullness to other areas of research. ..

..Through this combination of production and basic research, we will improve the model system and extend its usefullness to other areas of research. ..

..The work will elucidate reciprocal signaling and how it goes awry in disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and related disorders that together affect more than 10% of the U.S. population. ..

..This research will further define the utility of Fundulus as a model organism for studying PAH-associated toxicities and in the development of human CYP19 or CYP1 B-related therapeutics. ..

..PCR tests will be made for the virulent strains. Results will be quickly distributed to the zebrafish community through ZFIN, peer reviewed publications, and our web based manual on zebrafish diseases ..

..These data will be analyzed to determine the best way of separating artifacts produced by shape changes and other body impedance changes from the bleeding process. ..

..The third investigation is use a skeletal screen with larvae derived from mutagenized fish to discover new genes required for craniofacial patterning, and, by analyzing the mutants, to learn how the genes function. ..

..Determine the mechanisms of O2-dependent H2S control of vessel tension under normal and inflammatory disease conditions. ..

..A secure server allows exchanges of large reams of data between the Resource and users. A webserver for the community of users is being built and will be maintained by the Resource. ..

..In addition, the investigators have developed a Web-based fish health manual, and new information generated in the present study will be incorporated into this manual. ..

..We hypothesize that the results of the larval survivability tests will depend upon the exposure history (acclimation) of the parents, not the relative genetic susceptibility of the parents ..

..Although many genes regulating motoneuron development are known, many remain undiscovered. A mutagenesis screen will be undertaken to identify new genes involved in specifying motoneuron identities. ..

..Hierarchically upstream regulatory genes have already been identified by these techniques and the principal focus will be to identify and characterize new genes that execute that later, downstream, steps in the cascade. ..

..This study will assess the utility of using the muscle protein myoglobin as a sensitive indicator of the balance between oxygen supply and demand during conditions of reduced oxygen availability and elevated work load. ..