animal parasitic diseases

..It is suggested that some of the parasites (Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Diplozoon paradoxum of the Monogenea, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata of the Digenea, and Achtheres percarum of the Copepoda) prefer brackishwater habitats...

..The parasite communities of affected and unaffected one-year fishes are similar by the number of the groups of species, but differ in the number of species...

..These findings suggest that intestinal macroparasite infracommunities in eels are unsaturated and potentially species rich assemblages and, in these respects, share a fundamental similarity with the infracommunities of birds and mammals...

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..Overall, the results suggest that autogenic-allogenic status is an important factor determining the rate at which similarity decays, but illustrate the need for more insight regarding the factors that affect parasite dispersal ability...

..concavum and the common goby Pomatoschistus microps. The infection mechanisms of both benthic crustaceans and small-sized fish follow the rule of predation in two steps: dispersion and accumulation...

..The effect of several filters on the colonisation of parasites in hosts is submitted here in a model...

..We concluded that the effect of geographical distance on the similarity of parasite assemblages is a dynamic process, which is affected by seasonal dynamics in host and parasite populations...

..These findings serve to illustrate the importance of the autogenic-allogenic dichotomy and demonstrate that dispersal ability can influence commonly observed ecological patterns...

..These findings are consistent with the presence of a haematophagous, voluminous and rapidly invasive parasite...

..Although an ontogenetic diet shift can be ruled out as producing the observed nested pattern, it is possible that the observed nested subset pattern is the result of an ontogenetic habitat shift...

..Control of copepodids in infection 'hot spots', either directly or through control of louse egg production in their catchment, may reduce louse loads on wild sea trout and, in particular, extreme and damaging loads...

..The paper goes through different tissue changes due to the main parasites of Mediterranean teleosts...

..They contribute to the spread of the faecal material on the pasture and allow the larval death as a consequence of drying...

..We discuss insights offered by this mechanistic approach that will be crucial for predicting the impact on wildlife and human health of disease control measures, climate change or novel parasite species introductions...

..Summarizing all we know about hosts and parasites as aliens, tentative patterns and principles can be figured out, but individual case studies teach us that generalizations should be avoided...

..mykiss. The potential of A. coregoni to complete its life cycle on cyprinids could have important ecological consequences, creating an infection reservoir when the main salmonid hosts are rare or temporarily missing...

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..cataphractus, R. cimbrius) was more diverse in comparison with the more specialised benthic feeders ( C. lyra, B. luteum). This correlated with the lower diversity of heteroxenic parasites within both small-sized benthic fish species...

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..It is concluded that the composition of parasite communities was predominantly determined by the ways of life of the host as well as of the parasite species. Another important factor is the population density of intermediate hosts...

..The physiological cost resulting from this infection seems to be little and probably does not constitute a serious threat for individual host survival...

..The reproductive cycle of S. aurata was not completed within 4 mo (at which point the last larva died of severe anemia and respiratory distress), while that of the annular sea bream was completed successfully after 1 mo...

..The richest and most diverse component community occurred in a nonnative species, the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, but infracommunity species richness was highest in a native host, humpback chub...

..These results characterize parasite threats of salmon aquaculture to wild salmon populations and show how host migration and diversity are important factors affecting parasite transmission in the oceans...

..In order to develop more effective methods to control sea lice infection, these factors should be taken into account, along with other factors such as sea lice life cycle and fecundity as well as salmon husbandry methods...

..The above topics are approached in a management perspective, in particular regarding interactions between domestic and wild ruminant populations...

..elongatus infections between May to June and September. The relatively high numbers of chalimii on North Sea lumpfish suggest that offshore fish sustain an oceanic population of this louse species...

..Consequently, the results of this study indicate a link between MHC Class II and susceptibility to lice...

..The findings demonstrate that the "few fish from many cages" approach results in a marked improvement in precision when sampling aquatic one-host parasites in cage-based production systems...

..There was no evidence of water temperature affecting the mean annual abundance of sea louse infestation...

..Other parts of the system have apparently not yet recovered...

..Marine eels have on the other hand comparable species richness, are less diverse and with a high BP dominance...

..The causes of the variations in parasite faunas in association with these intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed...

..5% (39/40). The results support mechanical tagging data in suggesting that smaller male E. maclovinus are resident in the creeks in which they are caught, and that at this stage of their lives they tend not to migrate over long distances...

..Possible applications of this new information about the parasite fauna, in different areas of fisheries and fish biology studies, are discussed...

..Based on the similarity to the parasitic fauna of Mediterranean sea bass, it is predicted that sea bass farmers in Northern Europe will experience the same parasite problems as sea bass farmers in warmer regions...

..Further, these results suggest that anthropogenic changes which alter resource availability may have important consequences for disease transmission in wildlife...

..In contrast, the allele Apfl-DRB*23 showed a significant association to low FEC of the most common nematode. Thus, our results provide evidence for pathogen-driven selection acting through rare allele advantage under natural conditions...

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..Lower average parasite richness in threatened host taxa also points to the need for a better understanding of the cascading effects of host biodiversity loss for affiliated parasite species...

..However, neither the intensity of haemogregarine's infection nor the prevalence of intestinal parasites was related to the lizards' body condition...

..Finally, the future prospects for the industry in Scotland are reviewed in relation to sea louse control...

..Further field and experimental work on the viability of lice is required to assess infection risk...

..If lice-induced host mortality is negligible, or if lice are Poisson distributed, infection models of arbitrary complexity reduce to Erlang models. I give two useful Erlang models with their solutions for non-zero initial conditions...

..Parasitism by L. kroyeri affected the host's condition factor (mean +/- SE in uninfected vs parasitized; 1.88 +/- 0.04 vs 1.66 +/- 0.12; p < 0.05)...

..salmonis abundance, though much of the variation remains unexplained...

..This paper gives an overview of how fish welfare has been maintained by the development of treatments and management strategies aimed at minimising the impact of sea lice...

..The establishment of the new genus is supported by the results of a cladistic analysis of Majalincola and members of its sister taxon...