catha

Summary

Summary: A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE. The leafy stems of khat are chewed by some individuals for stimulating effect. Members contain ((+)-norpseudoephedrine), cathionine, cathedulin, cathinine & cathidine.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi The effect of chewing Khat leaves on human mood
    Nageeb A Hassan
    Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana a, PO Box 14315 MAAIN, Sana a, Republic of Yemen
    Saudi Med J 23:850-3. 2002
  2. ncbi Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen
    Ahmed Al-Motarreb
    Department of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
    Phytother Res 16:403-13. 2002
  3. ncbi Khat habit and its health effect. A natural amphetamine
    Ishraq Dhaifalah
    Department of Gynecology and Obstetric, Al Thawra University Hospital, Sana a, Yemen Republic
    Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 148:11-5. 2004
  4. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis): health aspects of khat chewing
    N A G M Hassan
    Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Al Thawra Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana a, Sana a, Yemen
    East Mediterr Health J 13:706-18. 2007
  5. ncbi Khat - a controversial plant
    Erica E Balint
    Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
    Wien Klin Wochenschr 121:604-14. 2009
  6. ncbi Cathinone preservation in khat evidence via drying
    John S Chappell
    Drug Enforcement Administration, Western Laboratory, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
    Forensic Sci Int 195:108-20. 2010
  7. ncbi Is miraa a drug?: categorizing Kenyan khat
    Neil Carrier
    Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford, UK
    Subst Use Misuse 43:803-18. 2008
  8. ncbi Behavioural sensitisation following repeated intermittent oral administration of Catha edulis in rats
    Mehret Yerdaw Banjaw
    Department of Neuropharmacology, Zoological Institute, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28E, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
    Behav Brain Res 156:181-9. 2005
  9. ncbi Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: suggestions for future studies
    Richard Hoffman
    Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, 1035 University Avenue, Duluth, MN 55812 3031, USA
    J Ethnopharmacol 132:554-63. 2010
  10. ncbi Intoxication with Qăat, Catha edulis L
    Robert Michael Bruce-Chwatt
    J Forensic Leg Med 17:232-5. 2010

Detail Information

Publications131 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi The effect of chewing Khat leaves on human mood
    Nageeb A Hassan
    Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana a, PO Box 14315 MAAIN, Sana a, Republic of Yemen
    Saudi Med J 23:850-3. 2002
    Chewing fresh leaves of the Khat plant (Catha edulis), represents a widespread habit with a deep-rooted sociocultural tradition in Yemen...
  2. ncbi Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen
    Ahmed Al-Motarreb
    Department of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
    Phytother Res 16:403-13. 2002
    Fresh leaves of the khat tree (Catha edulis Forsk.) are chewed for their euphoric properties in East Africa and parts of the Middle East, such as The Yemen...
  3. ncbi Khat habit and its health effect. A natural amphetamine
    Ishraq Dhaifalah
    Department of Gynecology and Obstetric, Al Thawra University Hospital, Sana a, Yemen Republic
    Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 148:11-5. 2004
    ..In recent years, several cases of intoxication have been observed outside the area of its use. In this view, the khat habit, its health effects and socioeconomic aspects are described with the political issue they imply...
  4. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis): health aspects of khat chewing
    N A G M Hassan
    Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Al Thawra Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana a, Sana a, Yemen
    East Mediterr Health J 13:706-18. 2007
    b>Catha edulis Forsk leaves (khat) are chewed daily by a high proportion of the adult population in Yemen for the mild stimulant effect...
  5. ncbi Khat - a controversial plant
    Erica E Balint
    Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
    Wien Klin Wochenschr 121:604-14. 2009
    Khat (Catha edulis) is a shrub or tree whose leaves have been chewed for centuries by people who live in the Eastern part of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula...
  6. ncbi Cathinone preservation in khat evidence via drying
    John S Chappell
    Drug Enforcement Administration, Western Laboratory, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
    Forensic Sci Int 195:108-20. 2010
    A primary concern with the forensic analysis of the khat plant (Catha edulis) has been the need to preserve the principle psychoactive component, cathinone, which converts to the less-active substance, cathine, after harvesting...
  7. ncbi Is miraa a drug?: categorizing Kenyan khat
    Neil Carrier
    Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford, UK
    Subst Use Misuse 43:803-18. 2008
    ..quot; War-on-drugs rhetoric is countered by those more enamored of the substance by discourse in which its use is labeled "traditional," "cool," and an "economic miracle."..
  8. ncbi Behavioural sensitisation following repeated intermittent oral administration of Catha edulis in rats
    Mehret Yerdaw Banjaw
    Department of Neuropharmacology, Zoological Institute, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28E, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
    Behav Brain Res 156:181-9. 2005
    ..A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of repeated oral administration of Catha edulis in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups received: saline, S-(-)-cathinone (1...
  9. ncbi Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: suggestions for future studies
    Richard Hoffman
    Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, 1035 University Avenue, Duluth, MN 55812 3031, USA
    J Ethnopharmacol 132:554-63. 2010
    ....
  10. ncbi Intoxication with Qăat, Catha edulis L
    Robert Michael Bruce-Chwatt
    J Forensic Leg Med 17:232-5. 2010
    The increasing use of Qăat, Catha edulis L. in immigrants from the Horn of Africa to the UK is a matter of concern and may yet become a problem in the UK diaspora...
  11. ncbi Developmental patterns of phenylpropylamino alkaloids accumulation in khat (Catha edulis, Forsk.)
    Raz Krizevski
    Department of Aromatic, Medicinal and Spice Crops, Newe Ya ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
    J Ethnopharmacol 114:432-8. 2007
    Khat (Catha edulis Forsk., Celastraceae) is a perennial shrub that was introduced to Israel by Yemenite immigrants. Khat young leaves are chewed as a stimulant...
  12. ncbi A review of the neuropharmacological properties of khat
    Anteneh M Feyissa
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:1147-66. 2008
    The psychostimulant khat (Catha edulis Forsk), is a herbal drug cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula for centuries...
  13. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis)-induced apoptosis is inhibited by antagonists of caspase-1 and -8 in human leukaemia cells
    E A O Dimba
    Department of Odontology Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry and Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
    Br J Cancer 91:1726-34. 2004
    ..It is concluded that khat induces a rather swift and sensitive cell death by apoptosis through mechanisms involving activation of caspase-1, -3 and -8...
  14. ncbi Association of smoking and khat (Catha edulis Forsk) use with high blood pressure among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2006
    Fikru Tesfaye
    School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 11490, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    Prev Chronic Dis 5:A89. 2008
    ..We assessed the prevalence of substance use and its association with high blood pressure among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia...
  15. ncbi Catha edulis (Khat) induces cell death by apoptosis in leukemia cell lines
    E Dimba
    Department of Odontology Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 1010:384-8. 2003
    ....
  16. ncbi Use and perception of the psychostimulant, khat (catha edulis) among three occupational groups in south western Uganda
    A O Ihunwo
    Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
    East Afr Med J 81:468-73. 2004
    OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of and perception of the psychostimulant, khat (catha edulis) in three towns in south-western Uganda. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTINGS: Mbarara, Kabale and Fort Portal...
  17. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis) chewing during pregnancy in Yemen: findings from a national population survey
    Marwan Khawaja
    Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, P O Box 11 0236, Beirut, Lebanon
    Matern Child Health J 12:308-12. 2008
    ..This study examines the prevalence of khat chewing among women during pregnancy and some of the risk factors for this habit in Yemen...
  18. ncbi Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional and case-control study in Somalia
    Michael Odenwald
    Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Fach D25, D 78476 Konstanz, Germany
    BMC Med 3:5. 2005
    ..We aimed to explore the prevalence of psychotic disorders among the general population and the association between khat use and psychotic symptoms...
  19. ncbi Khat special edition introduction
    Susan Beckerleg
    School of Health and Social Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
    Subst Use Misuse 43:749-61. 2008
    Although khat (Catha edulis) is not widely known outside its countries of production in East Africa and Yemen, it evokes strong views among consumers, development workers, and government officials who often behave as self-styled experts ..
  20. ncbi Khat use and mental illness: a critical review
    Nasir Warfa
    Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
    Soc Sci Med 65:309-18. 2007
    ..There is a need for improved research on khat use and its possible association with psychiatric disorders...
  21. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing, sociodemographic description and its effect on academic performance, Jimma University students 2002
    Andualem Mossie Ayana
    Jimma University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, P O Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
    Ethiop Med J 42:125-36. 2004
    Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing habit is being a hot issue of discussion nation wide...
  22. ncbi The consumption of khat and other drugs in Somali combatants: a cross-sectional study
    Michael Odenwald
    PLoS Med 4:e341. 2007
    ..We recommend that future disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs need to be prepared to deal with significant drug-related problems in Somalia...
  23. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis)-an updated review
    Nezar N Al-Hebshi
    Department of Oral Sciences Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
    Addict Biol 10:299-307. 2005
    The habit of chewing fresh leaves and twigs of khat (Catha edulis) for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects is highly prevalent in East Africa and southwest on the Arabic peninsula...
  24. ncbi The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (khat)
    Molham Al-Habori
    Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana a, P O Box 19065, Sana a, Republic of Yemen
    Expert Opin Drug Saf 4:1145-54. 2005
    The habit of Catha edulis Forsk (khat) chewing has prevailed for centuries among populations in the horn of Africa and the Arabian peninsula. Fresh leaves of Catha edulis are customarily chewed to attain a state of stimulation...
  25. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis) induces reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts
    Ochiba M Lukandu
    Section for Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
    Toxicol Sci 103:311-24. 2008
    ..In summary, khat induced apoptotic cell death in primary normal oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts by an early effect on mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress...
  26. ncbi Khat chewing is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study
    A Al-Motarreb
    Al Thawrah Teaching Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen
    Br J Clin Pharmacol 59:574-81. 2005
    ..CONCLUSION: This study indicates that khat chewing is associated with AMI and is an independent dose-related risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction...
  27. ncbi Driving under the influence of khat--alkaloid concentrations and observations in forensic cases
    Stefan W Toennes
    Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Center of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, Frankfurt Main D 60596, Germany
    Forensic Sci Int 140:85-90. 2004
    The use of the herbal stimulant khat (Catha edulis FORSK) is maintained by immigrants from countries where it is part of their cultural life (Arabian Peninsula and eastern Africa)...
  28. ncbi Exploration of adverse psychological symptoms in Yemeni khat users by the Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90)
    Nabil Numan
    National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
    Addiction 99:61-5. 2004
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Khat use is very common in the Yemeni population, particularly men, but it is not associated with adverse psychological symptoms...
  29. ncbi Risk assessment of khat use in the Netherlands: a review based on adverse health effects, prevalence, criminal involvement and public order
    E J M Pennings
    Leiden University Medical Center, P O Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
    Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 52:199-207. 2008
    ..A similar conclusion may be drawn for countries with a comparable prevalence of khat use and khat related public order disturbance...
  30. ncbi Effect of Catha edulis on plasma glucose and C-peptide in both type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics
    R Saif-Ali
    Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana'a, P.O. Box 19065, Sana'a, Yemen
    J Ethnopharmacol 86:45-9. 2003
    ....
  31. ncbi Early loss of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential in khat-induced cell death of primary normal human oral cells
    Ochiba M Lukandu
    Section of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Bergen, Norway
    Toxicology 263:108-16. 2009
    ..This study describes a novel mechanism of khat-induced cell death in primary normal oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts involving an early pivotal effect on mitochondrial function and integrity...
  32. ncbi Meet the khat-heads
    T Trent Gegax
    Newsweek 140:35. 2002
  33. ncbi Khat chewing and acute myocardial infarction
    A Al-Motarreb
    Heart 87:279-80. 2002
  34. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis) consumption causes genotoxic effects in humans
    F Kassie
    Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
    Int J Cancer 92:329-32. 2001
    ....
  35. ncbi Effect of khat, its constituents and restraint stress on free radical metabolism of rats
    Tariq M Al-Qirim
    Department of Biochemistry, F/O Life Sciences, A.M.U, 202002 Aligarh, India
    J Ethnopharmacol 83:245-50. 2002
    The leaves of khat (Catha edulis) are found to have stimulating and pleasurable effect and are chewed habitually by people of East Africa and Arabian Peninsula...
  36. ncbi Khat and alcohol use and risky sex behaviour among in-school and out-of-school youth in Ethiopia
    Derege Kebede
    Department of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    BMC Public Health 5:109. 2005
    ..This study was conducted to describe the magnitude of risky sexual behaviour (unprotected sex and early initiation of sexual activity) and its association with Khat and alcohol consumption in Ethiopian youths...
  37. ncbi Cigarette smoking and khat chewing among university instructors in Ethiopia
    Y Kebede
    Gondar College of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
    East Afr Med J 79:274-8. 2002
    ..Additionally, college students need counseling service on ways of coping with their problems...
  38. ncbi Toxicological evaluation of Catha edulis leaves: a long term feeding experiment in animals
    Molham Al-Habori
    Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Sana a, PO Box 19065, Sana a, Yemen
    J Ethnopharmacol 83:209-17. 2002
    In this study the long term (6 months) toxicological effect of varying levels of Catha edulis leaves were examined on the plasma concentration of liver enzymes as well as the histopathology of tissue sections of the liver...
  39. ncbi Investigation into the toxicological effects of Catha edulis leaves: a short term study in animals
    M Al-Mamary
    Food Science Department and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sana'a, Sana'a, Yemen
    Phytother Res 16:127-32. 2002
    In this study the short term (3 months) toxicological effects of varying levels of Catha edulis leaves were examined on the plasma concentration of liver enzymes and the histopathology of tissue sections of various organs including the ..
  40. ncbi Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves
    Stefan W Toennes
    Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Centre of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, D 60596 Frankfurt Main, Germany
    Br J Clin Pharmacol 56:125-30. 2003
    ..The stimulating herbal drug khat is habitually used in East Africa and the Arabian peninsula but is also imported into other countries. The aim was to study the pharmacokinetics of its alkaloids cathinone, cathine and norephedrine...
  41. ncbi [The house of shame and the boys in Akerselva]
    Willy Pedersen
    Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 127:563. 2007
  42. ncbi [Khat--a new drug of abuse in Norway]
    Muhammad Al-Samarraie
    Divisjon for rettstoksikologi og rusmiddelforskning Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt Postboks 4404 Nydalen 0403 Oslo
    Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 127:574-6. 2007
    ..The stimulating drug, Khat, is a drug of abuse that has become known in Norway due to increased immigration from East-Africa, especially Somalia...
  43. ncbi [Khat-induced psychosis?]
    G Degraeve
    Tijdschr Psychiatr 49:763-7. 2007
    ..Two cases of suspected khat-induced psychosis are presented. Treatment of choice appears to be discontinuation of khat use, possibly combined with treatment with an antipsychotic...
  44. ncbi Effect of Catha edulis (khat) on behaviour and its potential to induce seizures in Sprague Dawley rats
    E Oyungu
    Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, P O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya
    East Afr Med J 84:219-25. 2007
    ....
  45. ncbi The perioperative implications of khat use
    O A Bamgbade
    Eur J Anaesthesiol 25:170-2. 2008
  46. ncbi Khat chewing amongst UK resident male Yemeni adults: an exploratory study
    Saba Kassim
    Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, UK
    Int Dent J 56:97-101. 2006
    ..Further research should investigate the correlations between khat and nicotine dependence. Development of a specific measure of khat dependence is recommended...
  47. ncbi [Evaluation of compliance with antiretroviral treatment in a cohort of 200 patients in Djibouti, 2005]
    A A Ahmed
    Ministere de la Sante, Djibouti
    East Mediterr Health J 13:1286-97. 2007
    ..In multivariate analysis, community support and level of education protected against non-compliance. Patients having already missed a dose and those dissatisfied with confidentiality had a 4 times greater risk of non-compliance...
  48. ncbi In vitro effects of crude khat extracts on the growth, colonization, and glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans
    Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
    Department of Oral Sciences Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
    Acta Odontol Scand 63:136-42. 2005
    ..It is shown that khat leaves contain water-soluble constituents that inhibit some cariogenic properties of S. mutans in vitro...
  49. ncbi Khat chewing: an emerging drug concern in Australia?
    Johana Stefan
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry 39:842-3. 2005
  50. ncbi Effects of khat (Catha edulis) consumption on reproductive functions: a review
    J M Mwenda
    Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
    East Afr Med J 80:318-23. 2003
    OBJECTIVE: To review research findings on the effects of khat (Catha edulis) chewing on reproductive functions...
  51. ncbi Common drugs of abuse--Part II
    Mary Linda Stotter Cuddy
    J Pract Nurs 54:5-8, 25-31; quiz 17-9. 2004
    ..Drug abuse affects a significant number of individuals of all ages. Health care practitioners must be knowledgeable about both the physiological effects of such drugs and the impact of drug-seeking behavior on their patients...
  52. ncbi A study of 342 oral keratotic white lesions induced by qat chewing among 2500 Yemeni
    Aiman A Ali
    Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sana a, Yemen
    J Oral Pathol Med 33:368-72. 2004
    ..Various studies demonstrated clear effects of this habit on the systemic organs of the human body. The lack of studies, however, on the effects of this habit on oral mucosa was the major motive of this study...
  53. ncbi Coronary and aortic vasoconstriction by cathinone, the active constituent of khat
    A L Al-Motarreb
    Division of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
    Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 23:319-26. 2003
    ..The precise mechanism for this vasoconstriction remains to be determined. The coronary vasoconstriction may explain the increased incidence of myocardial infarction in khat chewers, which may arise from coronary vasospasm...
  54. ncbi Catha edulis: a new differential in the diagnosis of pregnancy induced hypertension
    K M Kuczkowski
    J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 33:535. 2004
  55. ncbi Anger expression, negative life events and violent behaviour among male college students in Ethiopia
    Bizu Gelaye
    Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    Scand J Public Health 36:538-45. 2008
    ..To assess the prevalence of violent behaviour and to identify risk factors associated with violent behaviour among male college students in Ethiopia...
  56. ncbi Qat chewing and pesticides: a study of adverse health effects in people of the mountainous areas of Yemen
    Junko Date
    Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan
    Int J Environ Health Res 14:405-14. 2004
    ..It is concluded that chewing qat grown with chemical pesticides causes considerable adverse health effects in human beings...
  57. ncbi Determination of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine in hair of Yemenite khat chewers
    Frank Sporkert
    Institute of Legal Medicine, University Rostock, St.-Georg-Street 108, 18055 Rostock, Germany
    Forensic Sci Int 133:39-46. 2003
    ..7ng/mg for CTN. A highly significant correlation was found between the self-reported data about the khat consumption habits of the volunteers (4-56h chewing per week) and the concentrations of norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine in hair...
  58. ncbi Repeated Catha edulis oral administration enhances the baseline aggressive behavior in isolated rats
    M Y Banjaw
    Department of Neuropharmacology, Zoological Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
    J Neural Transm 113:543-56. 2006
    The effects of repeated oral administration of the psychostimulant plant, Catha edulis and its active principle, cathinone on rats were studied using isolation induced aggression paradigm...
  59. ncbi Clozapine attenuates the locomotor sensitisation and the prepulse inhibition deficit induced by a repeated oral administration of Catha edulis extract and cathinone in rats
    Mehret Yerdaw Banjaw
    Department of Neuropharmacology, Zoological Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
    Behav Brain Res 160:365-73. 2005
    ..inhibition deficit were induced under the same context by intermittent oral administration of S-(-)-cathinone or Catha edulis extract in rats...
  60. ncbi Use of doubly protonated molecules in the analysis of cathedulins in crude extracts of khat (Catha edulis) by liquid chromatography/serial mass spectrometry
    Geoffrey C Kite
    Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
    Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17:1553-64. 2003
    Analysis of crude methanolic extracts of fresh khat (Catha edulis) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) revealed the presence of 62 cathedulin alkaloids (compared with 15 published structures)...
  61. ncbi Khat induces G1-phase arrest and increased expression of stress-sensitive p53 and p16 proteins in normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts
    Ochiba M Lukandu
    Institute of Oral Sciences, Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, University of Bergen, and Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
    Eur J Oral Sci 116:23-30. 2008
    ..The results show that stress induced by khat modulates the cell cycle in oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It is further speculated whether khat could have similar effects in vivo, especially in keratinocytes...
  62. ncbi In vitro antimicrobial and resistance-modifying activities of aqueous crude khat extracts against oral microorganisms
    Nezar Al-hebshi
    Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Sciences Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Armauer Hansens Hus, N 5021 Bergen, Norway
    Arch Oral Biol 51:183-8. 2006
    To assess antimicrobial activities of aqueous crude khat (Catha edulis) extracts against a panel of oral microorganisms and to test their ability to modify bacterial resistance to tetracycline and penicillin in vitro.
  63. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis) up-regulates testosterone and decreases prolactin and cortisol levels in the baboon
    Jason M Mwenda
    Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Ethnopharmacol 103:379-84. 2006
    The potential effect of Khat (Catha edulis, Celastraceae) on fertility in humans has not been elucidated...
  64. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis) lowers plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone secretion, but increases cortisol levels in male rabbits
    A W Nyongesa
    Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P O Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Ethnopharmacol 116:245-50. 2008
    ..This study investigated the effects of fresh khat extract on specific circulating hormones in male rabbits...
  65. ncbi Antifungal efficacy of ten selected South African plant species against Cryptococcus neoformans
    T A Mokoka
    Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
    Pharm Biol 48:397-404. 2010
    ..Harv. (Rutaceae), Morusmesozygia Stapf (Moraceae), Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb. (Rutaceae), Catha transvaalensis Codd (Celastraceae), Cussonia zuluensis Strey (Araliaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp...
  66. ncbi Plants and the central nervous system
    E A Carlini
    Department of Psychobiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 Ed Ciências Biomédicas, 1o andar, CEP 04023 062, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
    Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:501-12. 2003
    ..Ma Huang), Paullinia spp. (guaraná), Catha edulis Forssk. (khat)] and plants used to improve general health conditions (plant adaptogens) were scrutinized...
  67. ncbi Detection and validated quantification of nine herbal phenalkylamines and methcathinone in human blood plasma by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization
    Jochen Beyer
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, D 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany
    J Mass Spectrom 42:150-60. 2007
    The herbal stimulants Ephedra species, Catha edulis (khat), and Lophophora williamsii (peyote) have been abused for a long time. In recent years, the herbal drug market has grown owing to publicity on the Internet...
  68. ncbi Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with dyspepsia in South-Western Saudi Arabia
    Ayobanji E Ayoola
    Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahd Central Hospital, Gizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Med J 25:1433-8. 2004
    ..Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major cause of various upper gastrointestinal (UGI) disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among patients with dyspepsia...
  69. ncbi Cathine, an amphetamine-related compound, acts on mammalian spermatozoa via beta1- and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors in a capacitation state-dependent manner
    S A Adeoya Osiguwa
    Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King s College London, London, UK
    Hum Reprod 22:756-65. 2007
    ..Cathine, an amphetamine-related metabolite of a compound found in Catha edulis leaves, accelerates capacitation and inhibits spontaneous acrosome loss by regulating cAMP production...
  70. ncbi Knowledge and perception of pulmonary tuberculosis in pastoral communities in the middle and Lower Awash Valley of Afar region, Ethiopia
    Mengistu Legesse
    Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    BMC Public Health 10:187. 2010
    ..In this study, we assessed the knowledge and perception of apparently healthy individuals about pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in pastoral communities of Afar...
  71. ncbi Regulation of phagocytosis in macrophages by neuraminidase 1
    Volkan Seyrantepe
    Sainte Justine University Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QuebecH3T 1C5, Canada
    J Biol Chem 285:206-15. 2010
    ..and dendritic cells is accompanied by induction of cell-surface neuraminidase 1 (Neu1) and cathepsin A (CathA), the latter forming a complex with and activating Neu1...
  72. ncbi Khat chewing, cardiovascular diseases and other internal medical problems: the current situation and directions for future research
    A Al-Motarreb
    Cardiac Centre, Internal Medicine Department, Sana a University, Sana a, Yemen
    J Ethnopharmacol 132:540-8. 2010
    The leaves of khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) are chewed as a social habit for the central stimulant action of their cathinone content...
  73. ncbi Expression and molecular dynamics studies on effect of amino acid substitutions at Arg344 in human cathepsin A on the protein local conformation
    Tatsusada Yoshida
    Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1 78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770 8505, Japan
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1794:1693-9. 2009
    Human lysosomal protective protein/cathepsin A (CathA) is a multifunctional protein that exhibits not only protective functions as to lysosomal glycosidases, i.e...
  74. ncbi A pilot study on the effect of catha edulis frosk., (celastraceae) on metabolic syndrome in wokw rats
    Samira Abdulla Mahmood
    Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 5:271-7. 2008
    This study investigated the effect of Catha edulis (khat) on some important parameters of the metabolic syndrome in Wistar Ottawa Karlsburg W (WOKW ) rat...
  75. ncbi Serine carboxypeptidases in regulation of vasoconstriction and elastogenesis
    Alexey V Pshezhetsky
    Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
    Trends Cardiovasc Med 19:11-7. 2009
    ..The major lysosomal serine carboxypeptidase A (cathepsin A [CathA]), also known as protective protein, activates and stabilizes two other lysosomal enzymes, beta-galactosidase and ..
  76. ncbi Khat chewing and bladder neck dysfunction. A randomized controlled trial of alpha 1-adrenergic blockade
    A A Nasher
    Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sana a, Republic of Yemen
    Br J Urol 75:597-8. 1995
    To assess whether the effect of chewing khat leaves (Catha edulis) on the urodynamics of healthy males is altered by the selective alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent indoramin in a prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial.
  77. ncbi Introduction to the special issue: The changing use and misuse of khat (Catha edulis)-Tradition, trade and tragedy
    Michael Odenwald
    University of Konstanz, Fachbereich Psychologie, P O BOX 5560 25, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
    J Ethnopharmacol 132:537-9. 2010
    ..This special issue of the Journal of Ethnopharmacology contains articles written by different conference speakers that present the current state of knowledge and the challenges for future research and politics...
  78. ncbi Enzymatic activity of lysosomal carboxypeptidase (cathepsin) A is required for proper elastic fiber formation and inactivation of endothelin-1
    Volkan Seyrantepe
    Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Circulation 117:1973-81. 2008
    Lysosomal carboxypeptidase, cathepsin A (protective protein, CathA), is a component of the lysosomal multienzyme complex along with beta-galactosidase (GAL) and sialidase Neu1, where it activates Neu1 and protects GAL and Neu1 against ..
  79. ncbi Stabilizing effect of lysosomal beta-galactosidase on the catalytic activity of protective protein/cathepsin A secreted by human platelets
    K Itoh
    Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253:228-34. 1998
    The 32/20-kDa two-chain form of protective protein/cathepsin A (CathA) secreted by human platelets was thermostable in the aggregation supernatant at acidic pH, but was denatured at neutral pH...
  80. ncbi Concentration levels of essential and non-essential metals in Ethiopian khat (Catha edulis Forsk)
    Minaleshewa Atlabachew
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    Biol Trace Elem Res 138:316-25. 2010
    ..Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Co) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metal in six different varieties of Ethiopian khat (Catha edulis Forsk, an evergreen stimulant plant) commonly consumed in the country and exported to the neighboring ..
  81. ncbi Drug use in a rural secondary school in Kenya
    David M Ndetei
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    Subst Abus 31:170-3. 2010
    ..Alcohol, tobacco, khat (catha edulis) and bhang (cannabis) were the most commonly reported substance of use, with user prevalence rates of 5...
  82. ncbi Regular Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure among adults in Butajira, Ethiopia: a comparative study
    Workineh Getahun
    School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    BMC Public Health 10:390. 2010
    Fresh leaves and buds of the Khat plant (Catha edulis) contain Cathinone, an amphetamine like alkaloid responsible for its pharmacological action...
  83. ncbi Prevalence and risk factors of gender-based violence committed by male college students in Awassa, Ethiopia
    Marc Philpart
    University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Violence Vict 24:122-36. 2009
    ..Alcohol consumption, khat use (Catha edulis, a natural stimulant), combined use of alcohol and khat, and witnessing parental violence were risk factors ..
  84. ncbi Khat use and monitoring drug use in Europe: the current situation and issues for the future
    Paul Griffiths
    European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction EMCDDA, Cais do Sodré, 1249 289 Lisbon, Portugal
    J Ethnopharmacol 132:578-83. 2010
    To review the information available on the use of khat (Catha edulis) in the EU, and to assess the future use of this drug and related substances.
  85. ncbi The use of cyclohexanone as a "derivatizing" reagent for the GC-MS detection of amphetamines and ephedrines in seizures and the urine
    B M El-Haj
    Sharjah Police Forensic Science Laboratory, P.O. Box 29, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
    Forensic Sci Int 135:16-26. 2003
    ....
  86. ncbi The effect of khat chewing on gallbladder motility in a group of volunteers
    N Murugan
    Department of Gastroenterology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
    J Ethnopharmacol 86:225-7. 2003
    ..are thought to be responsible but other local factors may contribute such as chewing the leaves of the khat plant (Catha edulis Forsk.) which is a widespread social custom in Yemen...
  87. ncbi Determination of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in Yemeni khat by anodic stripping voltammetry
    M H Matloob
    Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Girls, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
    East Mediterr Health J 9:28-36. 2003
    ..0-10.2 microg/day, 23.6-118.0 microg/day, 530-2654 microg/day and 662-3311 microg/day respectively. Although high, these values were within Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization tolerance limits...
  88. ncbi Extraction and microencapsulation of khat: effects on sexual motivation and estradiol level in female rats
    Hesham Abdul Aziz
    Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
    J Sex Med 6:682-95. 2009
    Khat (Catha edulis) is an evergreen tree/shrub that is thought to affect sexual motivation or libido. Its positive effect on sexual desire is more frequently observed in females than in males and occurs when khat is chewed...
  89. ncbi [Speed drugs]
    Wojciech Piekoszewski
    Zakład Chemii Analitycznej, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow
    Przegl Lek 66:861-5. 2009
    ..The article discussed the sources and biological action of these psychoactive substances, which are illegal in Poland...
  90. ncbi FTIR spectroscopic, thermal and XRD characterization of hydroxyapatite from new natural sources
    Abdallah A Shaltout
    Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 83:56-60. 2011
    ..These plants are Catha edulis (Khat), basil, mint, green tea and trifolium...
  91. ncbi Cathinone derivatives: a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
    John P Kelly
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
    Drug Test Anal 3:439-53. 2011
    ..It can be assumed that, despite their illegal status, cathinone-related compounds will continue to be prevalent drugs of abuse for the foreseeable future...
  92. ncbi Multi residue analysis of pesticides in wheat and khat collected from different regions of Ethiopia
    Daniel Daba
    Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86:336-41. 2011
    ..8 and 125.6 μg/Kg, respectively) and aldrin levels in these samples were below the quantification limit. Khat may be a contributing factor in the pathological diseases found among khat users...
  93. ncbi Trauma, khat and common psychotic symptoms among Somali immigrants: a quantitative study
    Kamaldeep Bhui
    Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Psychiatry, Old Anatomy Building, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, United Kingdom
    J Ethnopharmacol 132:549-53. 2010
    ..To undertake this work in a Somali population of emigrants who have sought asylum in a non-conflict zone country...
  94. ncbi Surgical reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint for chronic subluxation and dislocation
    R Kummoona
    Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:344-8. 2001
    ..It may be used for treatment of patients with chronic subluxation and dislocation of the temporomandibular joint...
  95. ncbi Methanol fractionations of Catha edulis Frosk (Celastraceae) contracted Lewis rat aorta in vitro: a comparison between crimson and green leaves
    Samira Abdulla Mahmood
    Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 6:268-74. 2009
    ..1%; p = 0.06. In conclusion, fractions of green and crimson Yemeni khat leaves contracted aortas of Lewis rats. Both leaves behave almost similarly. Contraction induced by chloroform fraction produced alpha-sympathetic activity...
  96. ncbi Khat (Catha edulis) alters the phenotype and anti-microbial activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    Craig Murdoch
    Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
    J Ethnopharmacol 138:780-7. 2011
    ..This study examined the biological effects of khat on the phenotype and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)...
  97. ncbi Recreational use of mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 4-MMC) with associated sympathomimetic toxicity
    David M Wood
    Clinical Toxicology, Guy s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King s Health Partners, London, UK
    J Med Toxicol 6:327-30. 2010
    Cathinone is a pharmacologically active alkaloid that can be extracted from the leaves of the khat plant (Catha edulis)...
  98. ncbi Specificity and regulation of extracellularly regulated kinase1/2 phosphorylation through corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors 1 and 2beta by the CRF/urocortin family of peptides
    Bhawanjit K Brar
    The Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
    Endocrinology 145:1718-29. 2004
    ..the regulation of ERK1/2-p42, 44 by Ucn-I were extended to cell lines that endogenously express CRFR1 (AtT-20 and CATHa cells) and CRFR2 (A7r5 and CATHa cells)...
  99. ncbi Methcathinone: a new postindustrial drug
    Hafid Belhadj-Tahar
    Groupe Santé Recherche, 35 rue Bernard de Ventadour, 31300 Toulouse, France
    Forensic Sci Int 153:99-101. 2005
    ..It is a stimulant found in the "khat" plant, Catha edulis, which can easily be synthesized from pseudoephedrine...
  100. ncbi Effect of khat chewing on 14 selected periodontal bacteria in sub- and supragingival plaque of a young male population
    N N Al-Hebshi
    Department of Odontology Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
    Oral Microbiol Immunol 20:141-6. 2005
    The habit of chewing khat (Catha edulis) for its amphetamine-like effects is highly prevalent in Yemen and east Africa, and has expanded to Western countries...
  101. ncbi Substance abuse and the risk of readmission of people with schizophrenia at Amanuel Psychiatric Hospital, Ethiopia
    M S Bimerew
    University of the Western Cape, Department of Nursing, Private Bag X 17, Belville, 7535
    Curationis 30:74-81. 2007
    ..Raising community awareness, psycho-education, strengthening the capacities of caretakers and laws to prevent substance abuse, as well as campaigning to prevent people from abusing mentally ill sufferers, should be established...