pectobacterium chrysanthemi

..These important pathogenicity functions are coregulated by responding to common signals encountered in planta...

A collection of 75 strains of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (including all biovars and pathovars) and the type strains of Brenneria paradisiaca (CFBP 4178(T)) and Pectobacterium cypripedii (CFBP 3613(T)) were studied by DNA-DNA ..

..Finally, the results of target- and ligand-based QSAR models were compared, resulted the superiority of the structure-based QSAR to the ligand-based model...

..These data are consistent with a model of pore opening based on both quaternary twist and tertiary deformation...

..Finally, the simulation of an ELIC mutant substantiates the important role of F246 on the stability, hydration and possibly function of the ELIC channel...

A chromosomal region of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 that contains of genes for glycogen synthesis was isolated from a cosmid library...

..coli transformant appeared to be 32 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis in the presence of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC). The Cel5Z::Omega protein hydrolyzed CMC with 1.7-fold higher activity than the intact Cel5Z cellulase...

..3 A resolution. Our study reveals the first structure of a pLGIC at high resolution and provides an important model system for the investigation of the general mechanisms of ion permeation and gating within the family...

b>Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 secretes the endoglucanase Cel5Z, an enzyme of the glycoside hydrolase family 5...

..In combination, both structures suggest a novel gating mechanism for pentameric ligand-gated ion channels where channel opening proceeds by a change in the tilt of the pore-forming helices...

..This gene was induced at low Mg(2+) concentrations and in planta. These results suggest that E. chrysanthemi PhoP-PhoQ system plays an important role in bacterial survival in plant tissues during the initial infection stages...

..5 loop in PelA was mutated to the homologous sequence in PelE. The crystal structure of the PelA T1.5 mutant has been solved to 1.6 and 2.9 A resolution. The enzymatic and structural properties of the T1.5 mutant are discussed...

..These results suggest that by conferring resistance to the antimicrobial compounds produced by plants, the E. chrysanthemi tolC plays an important role in the survival and colonization of the pathogen in plant tissue...

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..This could be explained by a combination of impaired phenotypes in the tol-pal mutants, such as reduced growth and motility and a decreased production of pectate lyases, the major virulence factor of Er. chrysanthemi...

..Our study shows the differential role played by pectate lyases isoenzymes in this process and highlights the complexity of the host immune network, which is finely controlled by the bacterium...

..These mutations did not affect the virulence of E. chrysanthemi on chicory leaves, potato tubers, or Saintpaulia ionantha, suggesting an accessory role of galactan utilization in the bacterial pathogeny...

..Loop L6 could fold back into the lumen of the pore and play the role of the constriction loop L3 of general porins. With 14 transmembrane segments, the KdgM porin family could represent the smallest porin characterized to date...

..However, the reduced virulence of the rhiE mutant indicates that degradation of the RG-I region of pectin is important for full virulence of E. chrysanthemi...

..Finally, the fis mutant has a decreased virulence. These results suggest a co-ordinated regulation by Fis of virulence factors involved in certain key steps of infection, early (asymptomatic) and advanced (symptomatic) phases...

..Together, these data indicate that Fis tightly controls the availability of Pels during pathogenesis by acting on both their production and their translocation in the external medium...

..This ability of plant-pathogenic bacteria to co-opt plant defense-signaling molecules to activate multidrug efflux pumps may have evolved to ensure bacterial survival in susceptible host plants...

..In this review, we address this question and we show that ferritins both from the pathogen and the host are subtly implicated in the control of this interplay...

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..In addition, the analysis of single and double mutants showed that OusA and OusB were the only osmoprotectant transporters operating in E. chrysanthemi...

..To compare the decontamination performances of glidarc on strains of Erwinia of industrial interest...

..These results suggest that the PhoP-PhoQ system plays a role in the virulence of this bacterium in plant tissues, although it does not contribute to bacterial growth at acid pH...

..The evidence indicates that ousA and osmoprotectant effects on Pel are not linked to osmoregulation and that complex regulations exist between Pel production, ousA, and osmoprotection via compounds liberated during the plant infection...

..The results suggest coordinated regulation of HrpN and pectate lyases by PecS and PecT. A putative model of the synthesis of these two virulence factors in E. chrysanthemi during pathogenesis is presented...

..Genes involved in the intracellular catabolism of pectin substances and induced by both low and high DK2 concentrations in the cultivation medium are not repressed by this metabolite...

..In particular, possible non-orthologous substitutes of isomerase KduI and a new oligogalacturonide transporter in the Vibrio species were detected...

..These results indicate that the function of these systems in plants could be related to the specificity to extrude a toxic compound that is present in a given host...

..The phenotype is correlated with the inability of rfb mutant strains to maintain a high accumulation level of betaines in hypersaline media...

..chrysanthemi Hrp regulator genes hrpL and hrpS. Thus, the 44-kb region of the E. chrysanthemi EC16 genome that is centered on the hrplhrc cluster encodes a potpourri of virulence factors, but none of these appear to be a TTSS effector...

..This first modeling of the regulation of pel genes opens the way to new confrontations between theoretical ideas with experiments and possible strategies to fight the soft-rot disease of plants...

..Accordingly, PecS directly represses fliE expression. Thus, PecS seems to control the synthesis of virulence factors required for the key steps of plant infection...

..chrysanthemi than in other enterobacteria. Indeed, the RhaS control is not restricted to the catabolism of rhamnose but is extended to the degradation of plant polysaccharides that contain this sugar...

..Finally, the nearly abolished systemic invasion ability of Ech137 suggests that GacA of D. dadantii is essential for the pathogenicity and systemic movement of the bacterium in S. ionantha...

..Together, these data indicate that, by exerting a negative control at multiple levels, H-NS plays a crucial role in the E. chrysanthemi pel regulatory network...

..Our results indicate that the PhoPQ system governs the expression of several additional virulence factors and may also be involved in interactions with other regulatory systems...

..These results indicate that the mutation in the hrp locus can be complemented in vivo by coinfection, whereas the mutations in pel and sap cannot...

..Therefore, at the onset of infection, E. chrysanthemi cells encounter an oxidative environment and require active protective systems against oxidative damages such as MnSOD to overcome these types of conditions...

..Such levels are expected for bacterial S-layer proteins but are higher than for any other known type I secretion system...

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..The CbsH protein may therefore be regarded as a peptidase that prevents the bacterial cells from being intracellularly iron-depleted by chrysobactin...

..KdgM has no homology with currently known porins, but proteins similar to KdgM are present in several bacteria. Therefore, these proteins might constitute a new family of porin channels...

..Moreover, indigoidine production conferred an increased resistance to oxidative stress, indicating that indigoidine may protect the bacteria against the reactive oxygen species generated during the plant defense response...

The phytopathogenic Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Pch) PY35 secretes multiple isozymes of plant cell wall degrading enzyme cellulases. We cloned a second cel gene that encodes cellulase in Pch PY35...

..Our data suggest that filamentous hemagglutinin-like adhesins are broadly important virulence factors in both plant and animal pathogens...

..chrysanthemi depending on the host, indicating the importance of a perfect control of iron homeostasis in this bacterial species during infection...

..GacA might partly act by negatively controlling the expression of the pecT gene encoding the global repressor PecT, indicating a hierarchy in the pathways involved in the E. chrysanthemi regulatory network...

..In this view, the IscR regulator, which controls both Isc and Suf, is predicted to play a major role in the ability of E. chrysanthemi to colonize a wide array of different plants...

..chrysanthemi pectinases, flank the promoter of pel1. Although pel1 belongs to the pelBC family, it is more closely related to the pel genes of E. carotovora than to the pelBC genes of E. chrysanthemi...

..This effect probably results from competition between PecS and an unidentified repressor involved in peh regulation...

..These results indicate that the ybiT gene plays a role in the in planta fitness of the bacteria...

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pectobacterium astrosepticum and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi are the soft rot tuber of potatoes pathogens (Solanum tuberosum)...

..Together, these effects of feruloyl esterases could facilitate soft rot disease caused by pectinolytic bacteria...

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..RovA, SlyA and PecS have all been shown to act as derepressors by competing for binding sites with repressors. Recently, RovA also was found to enhance transcription through interaction with RNA polymerase...

..In addition, ClpXP, RssB, and RpoS affect pectinolytic enzyme production in D. dadantii 3937, probably through RsmA. The ClpXP and RssB proteins are essential for bacterial virulence...

..Use of the two MAbs in field assays also permits the monitoring of a known subpopulation and provides additional decision tools for disease containment and management practices...

..30%) were observed in Chinese cabbage 24 h after inoculation. From promoter activity and real-time quantitative results, the expression of pelD in Ech3937 was demonstrated to be downregulated by HrpL in MM supplemented with PGA...

..We suggest that successive interactions between these distinct regions of OutC and OutD may have functional importance in switching the secretion machine...

..The Pinot Noir wines were also sensorial evaluated and the tasting panel preferred the wines fermented with the recombinant strains...

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..coli O157:H7 over a short time and suggest that harvesting and processing are critical control points in the prevention or reduction of E. coli O157:H7 contamination of lettuce...

..This work provides guidelines for RNA isolation and quality assessment that will be valuable for gene expression studies in a wide range of bacteria...

..However, WtsF was required for full accumulation of WtsE within the bacteria at low temperatures. In contrast, WtsF was needed for efficient delivery of WtsE from E. coli via the Erwinia chrysanthemi Hrp system...

..dadantii) and two pectate lyase gene homologs, pelX and ABF-0019391. Because FliA is a key contributor to virulence in D. dadantii, it is a new target for disease control...

AcsD, a type A siderophore synthetase with a molecular weight of 71 140 Da from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi, has been expressed, purified and crystallized at 293 K...

..AcsD is a unique acyladenylate-forming enzyme with a new fold and chemical catalysis strategy...

..The approach offers the possibility of designing an ErL-ASNase bioreactor that can be operated over a long period of time with high efficiency, which can be used in leukaemia therapy...

..Mutations in the raf or scr genes did not significantly affect E. chrysanthemi virulence. This could be explained by the large variety of carbon sources available in the plant tissue macerated by E. chrysanthemi...

..These data demonstrate that the AHL-type QS signal plays an essential role in modulation of E. chrysanthemi pv. zeae cell motility and the ability to form multicell aggregates and is involved in regulation of bacterial virulence...

..In contrast to the E. coli rotA gene, the E. chrysanthemi rotA possesses only one promoter and is not controlled by the CRP global regulator...

..The decreased capacity of maceration of a togM mutant indicates the importance of transport and/or attraction of oligogalacturonides for E. chrysanthemi pathogenicity...

..Further interactions are made between one face of the inhibitor formed by the strands s3, s4 and s5 and the protease segment 218 to 228, which is located immediately after the characteristic "Met-turn" of the metzincins...

..The active site is found at the center of this cleft where Asp157 is suggested to act as the nucleophile, Asp136 as an acid/base and Gln113/Gln135 to form an anion hole to stabilize the transition state...

..The relevance of the results to the folding of other alpha/beta domain proteins is discussed...

..chrysanthemi and their ability to elicit HR on nonhosts. The data also suggest that other effector proteins secreted by the Hrp system are required for full virulence and HR elicitation...

..Among these, mutations of Bacillus subtilis pps1, Escherichia coli purU, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pheC homologues reduced virulence on African violet leaves. Thus, new insights were obtained into genes important in bacterial virulence...

..Our data show that L-asparaginases can hydrolyze beta-aspartylpeptides and suggest that L-asparaginase therapy may affect the metabolism of beta-aspartylpeptides present in human body...

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..chrysanthemi Ech9. These modified E. chrysanthemi spp. have been ribotyped and found to be closely related to their parent strains...

..This suggests that ExuT transport activity in E. chrysanthemi is important in the early stages of disease development...

..It exhibits a rapid auto-oxidation which may explain its tight association with a flavin containing reductase domain. A functional model of this hemoglobin is discussed and compared with the X-ray structures of other hemoproteins...

..chrysanthemi. Regulation of pectinase synthesis in soft rot Erwinia appears to be a complex network of multiple cross-acting regulatory elements. A model that integrates these regulatory elements is proposed...

..This suggests that the homologous proteins themselves form homo-multimers. These structures could form gated channels that conduct assembling phage or specific substrate proteins across the outer membrane to the extracellular milieu...

..The structure of a citrate siderophore named achromobactin isolated from the culture medium of Erwinia chrysanthemi was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical degradation...

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..Y.; Gray, J. S. S.; Montgomery, R. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1994, 16, 306-312]...

..chrysanthemi derivative isogenic mutants pecS, pecM and pecS-pecM revealed that PecM is required for complete efflux of the pigment. Its relation to other efflux systems and its potential physiological role are discussed...

..Coinoculation experiments support the conclusion that OPGs present in the periplasmic space of the bacteria are necessary for growth in the plant host...

..Curation of the E. chrysanthemi genome annotation as well as those of additional published enterobacterial genomes is underway and will be publicly accessible in the near future...

..This "amplification effect" could have an impact on the evolution of bacterial pathogens that exist in heterogeneous bacterial communities because conjugative plasmids can carry virulence or antibiotic-resistance genes...

..Therefore, this genetic approach confirms that NO is an important regulatory component in the signaling network of plant defense responses...

..chrysanthemi supernatants. In addition to the already known substrates (eleven pectinases and one cellulase), this analysis revealed that the type II Out system mediates secretion of the esterase FaeD and of the Avr-like protein AvrL...

..The kduD gene was located at 126.8 min of the Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica genetic map...

..BglT and BglP ORFs show high similarity to that of the Pectobacterium chrysanthemi ArbG antiterminator and ArbF permease respectively...

..Interestingly, iron transport mediated by achromobactin or a closely related siderophore probably exists in other phytopathogenic bacterial species such as Pseudomonas syringae...

..Since the TTSS, but not the cellulose synthase subunit, is required for E. chrysanthemi pellicle formation, this inexpensive assay can be used as a high throughput screen for TTSS mutants or inhibitors...