onchocerca volvulus

..These observations have led to a new understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease..

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..could be used without subsequent ivermectin administration to effectively deliver sustained effects on Onchocerca volvulus microfilaridermia and adult viability...

Ov20 is a major antigen of the parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness in humans, and the protein is secreted into the tissue occupied by the parasite...

..long-lasting inhibition of embryogenesis and microfilaria production or macrofilaricidal activity against Onchocerca volvulus. Therefore, the patients have to be followed-up for several years...

..Adult Onchocerca volvulus, Onchocerca gibsoni, Onchocerca ochengi, Onchocerca armillata, Onchocerca fasciata, Onchocerca flexuosa, ..

..unique extracellular, glycosylated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of the human-pathogenic nematode, Onchocerca volvulus (Ov-GST1a and Ov-GST1b), have been isolated and characterised...

..We identified PGE(2) in host immune cells adjacent to Onchocerca volvulus in subcutaneous onchocercomas and the affected skin...

The peroxidoxin protein of the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus (OvPXN-2) belongs to a group of highly conserved antioxidant molecules...

..The unique eye pathology associated with Onchocerca volvulus infection, particularly the development of posterior segment lesions, may be promoted by such autoreactive ..

b>Onchocerca volvulus infection usually results in a predominantly immunopermissive reaction called generalized onchocerciasis and characterized by high microfilarial burden and immunological tolerance to the worms...

..The combined use of ivermectin and vector control has opened up new prospects for carrying out OCP operations with, notably, the possibility of reducing larviciding operations...

Epidemiological, clinical and genetic data have all suggested that the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis (or river blindness) exists as two strains in West Africa...

The activity of the veterinary drug moxidectin against Onchocerca volvulus and On. lienalis microfilariae (mf), both in vitro and in experimentally infected CBA/Ca mice, was compared with that of ivermectin...

Human infections with the tissue nematode Onchocerca volvulus show strong interindividual variation in intensity, which cannot be explained by differences in exposure alone...

..The variability in the rate at which Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae repopulate host's skin following ivermectin treatment is quantified using an individual-based ..

..a reexamination of its microfilaricidal and suppressive effects on reproduction in the adult female Onchocerca volvulus. In an initial study, we demonstrated the continued potent microfilaricidal effect of IVM...

Despite considerable efforts, a suitable vaccine against Onchocerca volvulus infection has remained elusive. Herein, we report on the use of molecular tools to identify and characterize O...

Our previous studies have shown the adjuvanticity of an Onchocerca volvulus recombinant protein, Ov-ASP-1 (ASP-1), when administered in an aqueous formulation with bystander vaccine antigens or commercial vaccines...

..09%). These meet the criteria for absence of morbidity and parasite transmission in the Oaxaca focus. As a result mass treatments with ivermectin were halted in 2009...

..communities that are distributed within the 13 regional foci); (2) eliminate new morbidity caused by Onchocerca volvulus infection by 2007; and (3) eliminate transmission of the parasite wherever feasible...

Up to 5% of untreated female Onchocerca volvulus filariae develop potentially fatal pleomorphic neoplasms, whose incidence is increased following ivermectin treatment...

..in subcutaneous nodules from highly infected, hyporeactive onchocerciasis patients, harbouring adult Onchocerca volvulus. Since many cell types produce TGF-beta, we elucidated the cellular source, distribution and dependency on ..

..The loss of Wolbachia results in sterilization of Onchocerca volvulus and macrofilaricidal effects...

..Extension of the existing registration will not require much time or high cost. Treatment of individual patients can be considered immediately...

..treatment) are direct and indirect sources of signals accounting for neutrophil accumulation around adult Onchocerca volvulus filariae...

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..Recombinant cystatin of the human pathogenic filaria Onchocerca volvulus and of the rodent filaria Acanthocheilonema viteae significantly enhanced the NO production of interferon (..

The population structure of Onchocerca volvulus macrofilariae was studied in villages of central Cameroon where onchocerciasis is hyper-endemic...

The filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus is the causative agent of river blindness...

Endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria that infect the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus were previously found to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of river blindness...

b>Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella ozzardi are two human filarial parasites present in South and Central America...

..The approaches used to clone potential protective antigens and the successful vaccination of animals with some of the antigens are summarized here...

To study the impact of mass Mectizan treatment on Onchocerca volvulus transmission in Mexico, entomological surveys were carried out in the endemic foci of Oaxaca, Southern Chiapas, and Northern Chiapas...

To elucidate the conditions in which mass treatment with ivermectin reduces the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus sufficiently to eliminate infection from an African community.

..to compare the effect of higher doses, more frequent doses, or both with the standard regimen on adult Onchocerca volvulus. METHODS: We randomly allocated 657 patients who had onchocerciasis to 150 microg/kg ivermectin yearly (..

Vaccination of mice with a recombinant protein, Ov-ASP-1, the Onchocerca volvulus homologue of the activation associated secreted gene family stimulated very high titres of both IgG1 and IgG2a without adjuvant...

..the safety of the same treatment regimens and their efficacy against the adult worms and microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were investigated in 66 infected subjects of both sexes...

Mice immunized with irradiated Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae developed protective immunity...

..We address the unresolved question of acquisition, establishment and accumulation of Onchocerca volvulus by using a modelling approach that relates computer simulations to cross-sectional data concerning parasite ..

..This hampers the implementation of mass ivermectin treatment against onchocerciasis in areas where Onchocerca volvulus and L. loa are co-endemic...

..determine whether the co-administration of ivermectin with albendazole is safe and more effective against Onchocerca volvulus than ivermectin alone, and whether a significant pharmacokinetic interaction occurs...

In the search for Onchocerca volvulus antigens possibly involved in protection against human onchocerciasis, partial amino acid sequence analysis of one of the O...

..As the DEC test is non-invasive, simple and cheap, it may provide a good alternative to skin snipping alone for surveillance in low prevalence areas...

..The effect is particularly obvious on adult male worms and suggests that this gender is susceptible to repetitive treatment after transmission has been blocked or greatly reduced as a result of community treatment...

..The sensitivity of the ELISA and ICT was 97% and 86%, respectively...

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The complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Onchocerca volvulus is described. The O...

..Doxycycline may be developed as second-line drug for onchocerciasis, to be administered in areas without transmission, in foci with IVM resistance and in areas with Loa co-infections...

..on the presence of Wolbachia endobacteria and on the embryogenesis and microfilariae production of Onchocerca volvulus were studied...

..Primers based on the A. viteae sequence were used to amplify a related sequence from a cDNA library of Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae. The O...

..in 1987, yet the mechanisms by which it exerts a fast decrease and long-lasting suppression of Onchocerca volvulus microfilaridermia, and inhibition of microfilarial release by female worms remain largely unknown...

In recent years, methods for the identification of the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus and its vector, blackflies of the Simulium damnosum complex (S. damnosum sensu lato (s.l...

..appeared singly or in diffuse accumulations perivascularly and in inflammatory infiltrates between adult Onchocerca volvulus and in the capsular area. No mast cells were detected in cystic parts...

The filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus is the causative organism of river blindness...

..l. in sub-Saharan Africa could lead to the protection of humans against onchocerciasis caused by Onchocerca volvulus (zooprophylaxis). To gain support for this hypothesis, we investigated whether exposure to O...

..A reduction in response to IVM in Onchocerca volvulus could have significant consequences for the onchocerciasis control programs...

..the only drug approved for mass administration to control onchocerciasis caused by the nematode parasite, Onchocerca volvulus. In parts of West Africa up to 18 rounds of ivermectin treatment have been administered to communities and ..

..was initially based successfully interrupted the transmission of the parasite causing human onchocerciasis, Onchocerca volvulus, in many areas...

This study investigated the effect of maternal Onchocerca volvulus infection on humoral and cellular responsiveness in newborn children and their mothers...

Initial clinical trials in 1980 showed that ivermectin was remarkably effective against Onchocerca volvulus. Some 25 years after more than 50 million people are treated annually with Mectizan mainly within the framework of the African ..

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the population dynamics (dispersion patterns, distribution, prevalence and intensity) of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in their human host after six years of ivermectin treatment.

..study suggest that the specific vectorial competence of Simulium squamosum cytotype B, the vector of Onchocerca volvulus in the Mbam valley, allows a significant decrease in onchocerciasis transmission after several years of ..

An analysis of the polymorphism of 16 genes from Onchocerca volvulus was undertaken, in two populations of worms from either ivermectin-naïve patients or patients who had been repeatedly treated with ivermectin, in Ghana...

During a 3-year trial of the effects of ivermectin (Mectizan) on adult worms and microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the Republic of Cameroon, comparison was made between the percentages of calcified and uncalcified moribund (M) and ..

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..We discuss the implications of our findings for the control and elimination of onchocerciasis with mass administration of ivermectin in this focus, where the three main anthropophagic species often co-occur...

..The drug is now being used, free of charge, in two global disease-elimination programmes that are benefiting millions of the world's poorest people...

..collected over a one-year period (2001) to determine the effects of semi-annual ivermectin treatments on Onchocerca volvulus macrofilarial populations...

..It has also improved the health of pets and livestock around the globe, and encouraged development of a community-based delivery mechanism that could herald a revolution in public health care in Africa...

Studies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus, prior to and after actions carried out to interrupt transmission, are scarce in Mexico...

..We recommend protocols that may maximize detection of parasite transmission. Infection rates thus obtained must be linked with vector density estimates to assess meaningfully host exposure as treatment progresses...

..The data suggest that Onchocerca volvulus transmission has been suppressed after elimination of microfiladermia in these two communities...

In the Lower Cross River basin in Nigeria, no pre-control entomologic profile of Onchocerca volvulus infection in the local Simulium damnosum population was available prior to the initiation of an ivermectin control program in 1995...

..is by the detection of microfilariae by skin biopsy and transmission is evaluated by detection of Onchocerca volvulus larvae in the vector. Classically, this was carried out by manual dissection of Simuliumn ochraceun s.l...

..The vector capacity of similium shows that the risk of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus to the human population was not only reduced in time (2-3 months), but was also negligible all year round.

Recent progress in onchocerciasis research has led to improved understanding of the immunopathology of Onchocerca volvulus, as well as improvements in diagnosis and treatment of this morbid disease...

..A search for a second-line treatment or as an additional drug to ivermectin as well as a search for a macrofilaricide are issues that need to be addressed in the future...

..Research is needed to define the optimal approaches with the existing tools and to intensify the development of alternative strategies, such as macrofilaricidal drugs for wide-scale use...

The transmission of Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart (Spirudida: Onchocercidae) and the prospects of Simulium neavei Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) vector elimination through ground larviciding were investigated in the Mpamba-Nkusi focus, ..

..However, some of the infective larvae found, maybe of animal origin, need identification to better determine the real level of endemicity...

..to evaluate the impact of 8 years of vertical ivermectin distribution on the prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection in the rural population by means of pre- (1989) and post-long term treatment (1998) ..

..for decades, and it remains unknown how repeated ivermectin therapy might affect immunity against Onchocerca volvulus in the long term. O...

..To assess the validity of observations on eye worm and Calabar swellings for the rapid assessment of the prevalence and intensity of loiasis at the community level...

..Genetic variation of an Onchocerca volvulus ABC transporter homologue (OvABC-3) from several populations in Africa was examined to determine whether an ..

Travelers to West Central Africa are at risk for infection with Onchocerca volvulus. We describe the case of an adventurous traveler who became infected with O volvulus after a 10-day stay in rural Cameroon...

Endosymbionic Wolbachia bacteria inside adult Onchocerca volvulus worms (causing river blindness) are necessary for female worm fertility. We evaluated whether rifampin and/or azithromycin used in a five-day course could kill Wolbachia...

Observations of low response of patients infected with Onchocerca volvulus to ivermectin suggest that the parasite may be under a selection process toward potential resistance...

..in the Oaxaca focus in southern Mexico to assess the level of transmission and exposure incidence to Onchocerca volvulus. All communities have been receiving ivermectin mass treatment twice per year since 1997...

..loa in relation to that of Onchocerca volvulus and predict the prevalence of heavy infections...

..The genetic variation of four ABC-transporter homologues from Onchocerca volvulus was therefore investigated, to determine if any change in genetic polymorphism occurs in these genes ..

..the effect of 10 annual distributions of ivermectin for control of human onchocerciasis on the reduction of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by Simulium vector flies...

..exiguum is a more-competent vector for Onchocerca volvulus than S. quadrivittatum...

The induction of pathological changes in Onchocerca volvulus infections is directly related to the presence of the microfilarial stage of this filarial nematode. Patients with either of the 2 major forms of the clinical disease (i.e...

We focus on possible constraints upon Onchocerca volvulus establishment in humans in relation to exposure rates to infective larvae (L3) as measured by the annual transmission potential (ATP)...

..In view of the impact of control efforts preceding the introduction of macrofilaricides on the success of elimination, it is important to sustain current control efforts...

A pleomorphic neoplasm (PN) is described from sections of Onchocerca volvulus worms in nodules excised from Cameroonian patients. PN is confined to older, non-fecund, female worms, and those classed as moribund/dead...

..The reason for the reduced ability of Mectizan to maintain low levels of dermal microfilariae and early recurrent pruritus can only be speculated upon. Here, we report our own findings to address this particular issue...

..the control of this filariasis is not over because OCP never aimed at eradication, neither of the parasite (Onchocerca volvulus), nor of its vector (Simulium damnosum s.l.)...

..are essential symbionts of the major pathogenic filarial nematode parasites of humans, including the Onchocerca volvulus, which causes river blindness...

..are essential symbionts of the major pathogenic filarial nematode parasites of humans, including the Onchocerca volvulus, which causes river blindness...

..Wolbachia have recently been shown cause blindness in humans upon release from their nematode host Onchocerca volvulus. Wolbachia have also been shown to infect the well-established model organism Drosophila melanogaster...

..These studies are intended to enhance the understanding of the immunopathology of onchocercal keratitis and other eosinophil mediated forms of keratitis. ..

Onchocerciasis is a debilitating disease caused by infection with the parasite Onchocerca volvulus. The public health importance of onchocerciasis has been recognized by the international community, which has sponsored several programs ..

..for immune-complex mediated recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the cornea in a murine model for Onchocerca volvulus keratitis (river blindness). The proposed studies will assess the role of C5a, and...

..This will provide the basis for developing effective drugs, targeting cysteine proteases, to control onchocerciasis and filariasis in the future. ..

Human onchocerciasis is a serious neglected tropical disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) and an important cause of blindness and chronic disability in the developing world...

..immune mechanisms initiated in mice by a strongly immunostimulant protein cloned from the human parasite, Onchocerca volvulus. In our proof-of-principle studies, the LPS-free recombinant O...

Human onchocerciasis is a serious neglected tropical disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) and an important cause of blindness and chronic disability in the developing world...

An estimated 18 millions are infected with Onchocerca volvulus which will result in visual impairment in one million and blindness in more than 400,000...

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..The pharmacologic manipulation of parasite-derived protein kinases may offer a new approach to chemotherapy by taking larvae out of arrest. ..

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..stercoralis and in addition we will determine the role of these cells in the transition from the innate to the adaptive immune response to this infection. ..

..Lessons learned in Egypt will benefit PELFs around the world. ..