euphausiacea

..In conclusion, 4 weeks of krill oil supplementation increased plasma EPA and DHA and was well tolerated, with no indication of adverse effects on safety parameters...

..As krill densities decreased last century, salps appear to have increased in the southern part of their range. These changes have had profound effects within the Southern Ocean food web...

..Krill oil and fish oil thus represent comparable dietary sources of n-3 PUFAs, even if the EPA + DHA dose in the krill oil was 62.8% of that in the fish oil...

..The reduction of substrates for inflammatory molecules and endocannabinoids may account for the dampened inflammatory response and the physiological reequilibration of body fat deposition in obese rats...

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The marine crustacean krill (order Euphausiacea) has not been a traditional food in the human diet. Public acceptance of krill for human consumption will depend partly on its nutritive value...

..a) To evaluate the effect of Neptune Krill Oil (NKO) on C-reactive protein (CRP) on patients with chronic inflammation and b) to evaluate the effectiveness of NKO on arthritic symptoms...

..The objective of the present study was to evaluate a standardised preparation of krill oil and fish oil in an animal model for arthritis...

..However, the taxonomic position of Euphausiacea within Malacostraca is unstable. From comparing the mitochondrial genome between E. superba (PB) and E...

..Based on the study results, KPC prevented early renal injury leading to nephrocalcinosis and potential bone loss...

Little is known about the genome sequences of Euphausiacea (krill) although these crustaceans are abundant components of the pelagic ecosystems in all oceans and used for aquaculture and pharmaceutical industry...

..At lower and equal doses, krill oil was significantly more effective than fish oil for the reduction of glucose, triglycerides, and LDL levels...

..They also suggest that the interplay between food availability, social cues and the light:dark cycle acts as the predominant Zeitgeber for DVM in this species...

..In representatives of Decapoda, Anaspidacea and Euphausiacea, the coxa forms proximally a dicondylic articulation with the thorax, permitting promotion-remotion, and ..

..This combination of historical perturbation and rapid regional change highlights that the Scotia Sea ecosystem is likely to show significant change over the next two to three decades, which may result in major ecological shifts...

..Gels made from protein solubilized at acidic pH were brighter and whiter likely due to a higher lipid content...

..Serum lipids of rats fed with high fat diet (HFD) and different doses of KO were measured by automatic analyzer. Effect of KO on viability of cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay...

..Gene rearrangement was observed for 3 transfer RNA genes (tRNACys, tRNATyr, and tRNATrp) and the 2 leucine tRNA genes...

..The climate/ecological gradients extending along the WAP and the presence of monitoring systems, field stations and long-term research programmes make the region an invaluable observatory of climate change and marine ecosystem response...

..We also highlight many of the unknowns within the food web, and discuss the impacts of a changing Ross Sea habitat on the ecosystem...

..Reduction in the middle-trophic-level prey is expressed in the relaxed grazing pressure on phytoplankton...

..We propose a modelling approach that focuses on harvested species and their monitored consumers and that evaluates model uncertainty by using alternative structures and functional forms in a Monte Carlo framework...

..These observations revise significantly our understanding of the depth distribution and ecology of Antarctic krill, a central organism in the Southern Ocean ecosystem...

..Our finding of MDT in Antarctic organisms is consistent with its putatively adaptive function to enhance antioxidant protection in coldwater metabolism...

..All three fractions of trypsin-like proteinases showed a carboxypeptidase activity in combination with their trypsin activity...

..The high concentrations of BDEs and HCB in ice algae and associated juvenile krill illustrate the importance of sea ice as a vector for entry of POPs into the Antarctic marine ecosystem...

..Together, the results support the hypothesis that Antarctic procellariiforms use species-specific foraging strategies that are inter-dependent and more complex than simply tracking prey by scent...

..In each of these cases, krill species consumed by the predators could be identified from their DNA present in faeces or stomach contents...

The phylogenetic position of Euphausiacea within Malacostraca is still under debate. Either they are seen as sister group to a taxon comprising Pancarida and Peracarida or closer related to Decapoda...

..based on the current dataset of complete mt genomes strongly support the Stomatopoda is closely related to Euphausiacea. They in turn cluster with Penaeoidea and Caridea clades while other decapods form a separate group, which ..

..superba represents the first peptide identified from any member of the basal eucaridean order Euphausiacea. In addition, large collections of insect eclosion hormone- and neuroparsin-like peptides were identified from ..

..The phylogenetic position of one order within this class, the Euphausiacea ("krill," subclass Eumalacostraca) was investigated using 28S rDNA sequences from representatives of ..

..w. and Pb 0.496 ppm d.w. Total PAHs ranged from 860.7 to 5,037.9 ng/g d.w., carcinogenic PAHs from 40.3 to 141.7 ng/g d.w., HCB from 3.5 to 11.6 ng/g d.w., DDTs from 45.3 to 163.2 ng/g d.w. and the PCBs from 84.6 to 210.2 ng/g d.w...

..Cysts were usually attached at their posterior ends or, less frequently, along their side...

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..However, mantis shrimp was assumed to be substantially not allergenic because of the extremely low content of tropomyosin...

..Superior bioavailability has been suggested for phospholipid (PL) bound omega-3 FA in krill oil, but identical doses of different chemical forms have not been compared...

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..The orientation of the position of the nearest neighbor is not coincident with the orientation of the flow disturbance, however, which indicates that E. superba are avoiding the region of strongest flow...

..Serendipitous observations of Antarctic krill feeding at abyssal depths may revolutionise our view of the ecology of this supposed surface-dwelling animal that is key to the function of the Southern Ocean ecosystem...

..These results suggest the possibility that the krill had been initially affected by parasite infections, and the parasitized spots were secondary infected by environmental bacteria after the parasites had escaped from the host body...

..This may explain why Lévy-like behaviour seems to be widespread among diverse organisms, from microbes to humans, as a 'rule' that evolved in response to patchy resource distributions...

..Based on these results, we question a mediating role of melatonin in the control of seasonal metabolic changes in Antarctic krill...

..Consideration of these features and the effects of climate change on krill dynamics are critical to managing both krill harvests and the recovery of baleen whales in the Southern Ocean...

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..Our findings represent a first step toward establishing the presence of an endogenous circadian time-keeping mechanism that might allow this organism to synchronize its physiology and behavior to the Antarctic light regimes...

..With fixed time-averaged work done by the legs, metachronal kinematics again gives the highest average body speed, although the advantage over synchronous kinematics is reduced...

The diversity of parasites found on Nyctiphanes simplex and Nematoscelis difficilis (Order Euphausiacea) was compared during 10 oceanographic cruises made off both coasts of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico...

..These data indicate that oral administration of PS derived from marine life could substitute for bovine cerebral cortex PS (BC-PS) as therapy for the improvement of diminished memory function in elderly people...

..Arsenic compounds were quantified in the certified reference material MURST-ISS-A2 (Antarctic krill) using HPLC/ICPMS. The data should prove useful for assessing the accuracy of arsenic speciation procedures...

..norvegica shows a wide variability in population size-structure over the species extensive distributional range. Nevertheless, there are limits to this variability, as a result of the common life-cycle pattern...

..While recent work has focused on physiological effects, the ecophysiological effects of transuric elements and trace metals, the effects of pollution generally are widely understudied...

..Its potential proliferation in new environments may also have implications to regional food webs, given the krill's high level of growth and productivity and their pivotal trophic role...

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..However, other parameters in addition to the oxygen supply to the lantern are involved in controlling bioluminescence in the light organs of M. norvegica...

..A list of future research needed to fill gaps in our understanding of Northern krill predator-prey interaction is provided...

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..7%+/- 1.60% and 8.04%+/- 1.03%, respectively, suggesting that these 2 peptides constitute a substantial portion of the overall ACE inhibitor potential of AKPP...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of Neptune Krill Oil (NKO) for the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea...

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..Overall the results suggest that the application of DNA-based diet analysis to krill warrants further investigation, particularly for prey that are difficult to study using other methods...

..or a possible rhizocephalan. Controversy regarding the number of moults that occur in the egg of marine ascaridoids is discussed briefly...

..13-cis) Astaxanthin (70 microg/g), 542 microg/g (all-E) astaxanthin, 36 microg/g unidentified astaxanthin isomer, 62 microg/g (9-cis) astaxanthin, and 7842 microg/g astaxanthin fatty acid esters were found...

..The detection of BDE28, BDE47, BDE99 and BDE100 in Antarctic organisms confirmed their global transport and distribution; the detection of lower brominated congeners suggested a potential long-range transport...

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..The results showed that the dominant arsenic species in this fraction is As(III) (63% of extractable arsenic), while As(V) (13%) and two unknown arsenic species (19% and 5%, respectively) are present in lower amounts...

..norvegica are modified in relation to food supply. Accordingly, alternative mechanisms are involved in the depression of the metabolic rate in terms of oxygen consumption...

Copepoda (Calanus finmarchicus n = 1,722, Paraeuchaeta norvegica n = 1,955), Hyperiidae (n = 3,019), Euphausiacea (Meganyctiphanes norvegica n = 4,780), and the fishes Maurolicus muelleri (n = 500) and Pollachius virens (n = 33) were ..

..Detection limits of about 4 microg L(-1) were obtained. The method was applied to the determination of the configuration of selenomethionine extracted from antarctic krill, which turned out to possess the L-configuration...

..We report here the determination of DNA sequences for Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Crustacea, Euphausiacea) preserved and stored in buffered formalin for up to 25 years...

..Therefore, determination of fatty acids in carotenoid esters by a combination of HPLC elution profile and mild mass spectrometry is found to be a useful tool...

..Addition of selected divalent ions e.g. Mg(2+), Co(2+) and Cu(2+) led to the reduction of enzymatic activity and the enzyme was slightly activated ( approximately 30%) by Ca(2+) ions...

..6-6.7-fold. The difference in Arg, Ile and Asp content might explain why E. pacifica TLEs have good thermal stability and physiological efficiency...

..In the size class < 119 mm, the diet mainly included Euphausiacea and Decapoda...

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..Both, the by-catch of birds and high IUU catches undermine the credibility of CCAMLR to safeguard the marine living resources in the Southern Ocean...

..The copy number of pKW1 in Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A was estimated of 15 copies per chromosome...

..Comparison of the calculated fractions from this method with 'means' from IsoSource allowed confidence in the new approach for the case of a single isotope, N...

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..The results suggest that NO has a modulatory role at several levels in the control of light production in M. norvegica and that NO and 5-HT interact in this regulation...

..Noteworthy, Ca(2+) ions do not affect the enzyme activity, and the homogeneous protein is stable at 4 degrees C for at least 30 days without any stabilizers...

..Deacetylation of chitin under homogenous conditions was optimized. Chitosans with molecular weights of 180-220 and 250-300 kDa were obtained from the chitins of Antarctic krill and Northern shrimps, respectively...

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..Therefore, besides high-quality proteins, the insolubles may provide a mineral supplement in the animal diet...

..Regional changes in phytoplankton coincide with observed changes in krill (Euphausia superba) and penguin populations...

..HCH concentrations found in krill samples were correlated with seawater concentrations indicative of bioconcentration of HCHs from seawater...

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..Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is the dominant food item of Antarctic petrels and we suggest that our findings reflect the spatial dynamics of krill in the area...

..spinifera during summer collections from the Oregon and Washington coasts. Additionally, we report other apostome ciliate symbionts of euphausiids, including Phtorophrya sp., which preys on apostomes in the genus Gymnodinioides...

..A reference experiment for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic digestion of cell-free protein in a homogeneous system does not exclude direct influence of the ultrasound energy on the enzyme-substrate interaction...

..We conclude from our results, that pigmentation of E. superba serves in the protection from harmful solar radiation and is adapted to the varying diel and seasonal light conditions...