coturnix

..We implanted female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with corticosterone-filled or empty implants and measured concentrations of corticosterone in ..

..A moderate increase in AA was seen on day 16 and is probably responsible for the behavioral activation which was observed at the end of the experiment...

..1% of the radioactivity entered the yolk. We conclude that steroid concentrations in the yolk layers reflected progesterone and androgen production of the cells of the follicular wall at the time...

..Overall, these results indicate that Shh expressed in the ZLI plays an important role in diencephalic growth and in the development of the thalamus...

..Lower testosterone and increased corticosterone yolk concentrations in stressed quail may represent signals mediating information about adverse environmental conditions from the mother to progeny...

..This is the first hypothalamic peptide inhibiting gonadotropin release reported in a vertebrate. We therefore term it gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH)...

..Although sex differences in aromatase activity are clearly documented in the HPOA of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), only minimal or even no differences at all were observed in the number of aromatase-immunoreactive (..

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..In this study, testosterone levels in eggs of Chinese painted quail (Coturnix chinensis) were experimentally manipulated to evaluate its effects on growth and immunocompetence...

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..The potential significance of these processes for the physiology of reproduction is critically evaluated...

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..These differences were significant in the presence of mothers as well as after separation from them, suggesting direct as well as long-term maternal influence. Young raised by E+ mothers also presented delayed increases in weight...

Sexually experienced female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that are offered a choice between 2 conspecific males previously observed engaging in an aggressive encounter prefer to affiliate with the less aggressive male...

..Sexual interactions with the female decreased aromatase and dopamine activities. These data challenge established views about the causal relationships among dopamine, estrogen action, and male sexual behavior...

..testosterone, but within the physiological range, by injecting 50 ng testosterone in ethanol into Japanese quail Coturnix japonica eggs prior to incubation...

..This connection plays an important role in the control of reproductive behavior. In male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) specifically, the medial preoptic nucleus (POM), where various types of sensory inputs converge, is a ..

..Four Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were trained to peck a key differentially to identify clear /da/ and /ga/ exemplars...

..These results strengthen the argument that these sex-steroid accumulating cell groups are homologous and suggest a conservation of function for them despite the vastly divergent evolutionary histories separating birds and mammals...

..This has obvious implications for keeping and handling laboratory animals, for conservation biology and for animal welfare...

..Moreover, we show that the presumptive epithelium of ZLI can be localized at early developmental stages in the diencephalic alar plate at the anterior limit of the Wnt8b gene expression domain...

..Together, these data demonstrate that aromatase inhibition rapidly decreases both consummatory and appetitive aspects of male sexual behavior...

..Here, we report that aromatase activity in neural tissue of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is rapidly downregulated in the presence of Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and ATP in hypothalamic homogenates and in ..

..Based on these findings future risk assessments should consider the sensitivity of the species inhabiting a site and the congeners of concern that are present...

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..These experiments begin to define the neural circuitry underlying brooding behavior in Japanese quail, and establish a model for future studies of the neural mechanisms of avian parental behavior...

Sexually active adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were trained to run across either a left- or a right-turning runway to obtain sexual access to a conspecific of the opposite sex...

..The high resolution of the velocity fields allows a detailed spatio-temporal characterization of important morphogenetic processes, especially tissue dynamics surrounding the embryonic organizer (Hensen's node)...

..These results suggest that in response to cold, a shift occurs in the balance between growth rate and thermoregulatory function in favor of thermoregulatory function...

..The microsatellite markers reported would serve as a useful resource base for genetic mapping in quail and comparative mapping in Phasianidae...

..Our study shows, for the first time in a bird species, a strong impact of parental age on offspring phenotype, and especially on behaviour, an impact that is possibly mediated via modulation of yolk testosterone content...

..Interestingly, the single inclusion of SCE to the AF-free diet provided significant improvements in all the investigated growth performances of birds (approximately 40 per cent) compared to controls...

The New Zealand quail, Coturnix novaezealandiae, was widespread throughout New Zealand until its rapid extinction in the 1870's. To date, confusion continues to exist concerning the identity of C...

..coli. These findings indicate that this disease challenge protocol can be used to study disease resistance and immunologic consequences of contaminant exposure or other stressors in birds...

..Such a stress period can improve spatial learning performances in quail supporting the critical role played by the duration of the stress period on cognitive performance...

..1 mg/bird), tissue IGF-I, IGF-IR and IR gene expressions did not change after 4 h. These results suggest a possible physiologic role of the IGF system in mediating vitamin A-supported growth of Japanese quail...

..The results of this article support previously reported data and provide novel data on localization of ER mRNAs in adult quail brain of both sexes...

..VIN), an antiandrogenic fungicide, on sexual differentiation and maturation were investigated in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)...

..These results add to an understanding of the hormonal basis of sex differences in motor mechanisms of sexual behavior in non-mammalian species...

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In Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), activation of appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior requires aromatization of testosterone (T) into estrogens...

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..of estrogens in the activation and sexual differentiation of appetitive sexual behavior (ASB) in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as measured by a learned social proximity response...

..Comparisons to other vertebrates indicate that birds appear to have two modes of limb function (three- and four-segment modes) that vary with speed and locomotory habits...

..An intrinsic innervation could however also contribute to this network. This interaction between BSTm and POM could play a key role in the control of male-typical sexual behavior and in its sex dimorphism in quail...

..TCDF) and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) were compared with TCDD for Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica; least sensitive), Common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus; moderately sensitive), and White Leghorn ..

..egg was the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) based on embryo mortality and hepatic enzyme induction...

..The effects of taeniae lesions suggest that this nucleus, similar to the medial amygdala in mammals, might be implicated in the control of sexual satiety...

..elucidate the role of ERalpha in xenoestrogen-induced disruption of sexual differentiation in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)...

We recently identified a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide inhibiting gonadotropin release in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). This novel peptide was therefore named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH)...

This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the behavior of the Japanese or domestic quail Coturnix japonica...

..Phylogenetic results indicate that the Glu92Lys mutation has independently occurred in quail and chicken lineages...

..Sequence analysis of the chicken-adapted virus points to a deletion in the neuraminidase stalk region...

..We conclude that models describing primitive streak cellular guidance mechanisms must be able to account for sub-epiblastic extracellular matrix displacements...

The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a notably valuable egg and meat producer but has also been used as a laboratory animal...

b>Coturnix chinensis (blue-breasted quail) has been classically grouped in Galliformes Phasianidae Coturnix, based on morphologic features and biochemical evidence...

..These results indicate that the recessive white mutations are not homologous in Japanese quail and chickens...

..QTL) study was undertaken to identify genome regions involved in the control of fearfulness in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)...

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..We tested the prediction that Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) selected for high plasma corticosterone response to brief immobilization (HS quail) would lay ..

..These results are discussed with regard to positive and negative feedback controls in developing systems...

..Ultrastructural study showed dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and degeneration of Golgi apparatus and cilia of the tracheal lining cells of respiratory epithelium...

..Our results show that up-regulation of BMP4 leads to an increase of the number of blood vessels, whereas inhibition of BMP4 by noggin results in a reduction of blood vessels...

..Depressed sexual behavior proved to be the most sensitive of the variables studied in males and we find this endpoint appropriate for studying effects of endocrine modulating chemicals in the adult quail following embryonic exposure...

..This property of the gPGCs was not adversely affected by culture for up to 3 days...

..This AFLP map of the Japanese quail already provides an efficient tool for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping...

..containing a C-terminal -Arg-Phe-NH(2) sequence, SIKPSAYLPLRF-NH(2) (RFamide peptide), from the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) brain...

..Sliding of whole groups of epiblast cells over the basement membrane seems thus to be a normal phenomenon during avian gastrulation...

A linkage map of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) genome was constructed based upon segregation analysis of 72 microsatellite loci in 433 F(2) progeny of 10 half-sib families obtained from a cross between two quail lines of ..

..Our results confirm the angiogenic potential of the mesoderm and suggest that VEGFR-2 expressing cells represent multiple pools of mesodermal precursors of the hematopoietic and angiopoietic lineages...

..From a practical breeding standpoint, the roux gene appears to be a interesting candidate gene for auto-sexing in quail production...

..In addition, medial pioneers also organize dermomyotome lip-derived fibers suggesting that they have a general role in patterning myotome development...

For the past 50 years, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) has been a popular animal model in numerous fields of research. The quail's 16-d developmental period and its easily accessible embryo make C...

..Our data suggest that Wnt signaling specifies melanocytes at the expense of the neuronal and glial lineages, and further, that Wnt and BMP signaling have antagonistic functions in the specification of the trunk neural crest...

..Treatment with Sonic hedgehog drives most of them to become MyoD positive and then to become myofibers, with a concurrent reduction in the proportion of proliferating muscle precursors...

..Consistently, Sox9 directly activates the Snail2 promoter in synergy with, and through a direct binding to, Snail2. Finally, functions of these transcription factors in neural crest cells are enhanced by PKA signaling...

..Second, it represses melanogenesis, thereby allowing other neural crest derivatives to differentiate during the early stages of neural crest patterning...

..Moreover, this study reveals for the first time in this species that social motivation and age both influence the display of individual discrimination...

..Hence, by promoting its cleavage, BMP4 converts N-cadherin inhibition into an activity that is likely to participate, along with canonical Wnt signaling, in the stimulation of neural crest emigration...

A previous report from our laboratory documented successful production of quail (Coturnix japonica) germline chimeras by transfer of gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs)...

..Young quails (Coturnix sp...

..Endothelial cells of lymph nodes and the periaortal lymphatic vessels are Quek2-positive in later stages. A few non-endothelial cells express Quek2...

..Thus far, no vasculogenic distinctions between fast and slow muscles have been observed, although muscle heterogeneity in VEGF expression is evident...

..This data suggests that the presence of neural crest is required for normal Id2 expression in both chick and Xenopus heart development and provides evidence that neural crest is involved in heart development in Xenopus embryos...

..Since Pax3 is maintained in opV placode-derived neurons for some considerable time after neuronal differentiation, these data suggest that Pax3 may play different roles in opV placode cells and neural crest cells...

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..Thus, the development of the ilium, but not of the pubis and ischium, depends on somitic and ectodermal signals...

..The resultant disorganization mimics the effects of neural crest ablation. Thus, our data reveal a novel and essential role for Robo2-Slit1 signaling in mediating neural crest-placode interactions during trigeminal gangliogenesis...

..Our findings thus indicate that the endoderm instructs neural crest cells as to the size, shape and position of all the facial skeletal elements, whether they are cartilage or membrane bones...

..based on the construction of chimeric embryos between two closely related species of birds, the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chick (Gallus gallus)...

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..hybridization were used to localize AVT and the oxytocin-like VT3 receptor in the shell gland of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)...

..It is concluded that NO may not only regulate hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal and -adrenal axis of Japanese quail but may also modulate its photosexual responses...

..The proposed assay appears to be suitable not only for assessing adverse effects of chemicals on avian reproduction but for population projection of affected wild birds...

..Egg laying was severely impaired. Consequently, a number of endpoints in adult quail may be useful for demonstrating an oestrogen-like mode of action by environmental contaminants during embryonic development...

..Analysis of the poultry gut-flora, using selective media, showed that the main microorganism populations of the alimentary canal were unaffected by feed-supplementation with REE...

..These results suggest that maternal dietary lipids altered bone development by influencing organic matrix quality and mineralization in embryos...

..We conclude that Pax-QNR/Pax-6 represents another gene expressed both in the endocrine pancreas and neuro-ectodermic tissues...

..A model is presented suggesting that Wpkci may be involved in triggering the differentiation of ovary by interfering with PKCI function or by exhibiting its unique function in the nuclei of early female embryos...

..The genes whose regulation will be studied can influence adult neurogenesis via actions on the processes of cell migration and cell recruitment into neural circuits. ..

..on the neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating appetitive and consummatory male sexual behavior in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)...

..Seasonal changes in the songbird brain provide a unique model system to study how naturally occurring stimuli can modify brain morphology. ..

..brain function mediating the activation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behavior in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)...

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..Finally, the fourth series of experiments will ask whether DA stimulates male sexual behavior by modulating the action of testosterone (changes in aromatization) or by acting on other steroid-dependent or -independent mechanisms...

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..Since cardiac development depends on timely and adequate vascularization, an understanding of coronary vasculogenesis and angiogenesis will provide an important foundation for our understanding of cardiac defects. ..

..The CAM continues to serve as a convenient testbed for ongoing development of fractal methods and for examination of effects of human regulators on angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. ..

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..Such interventions have a number of advantages over more invasive interventions, e.g., the delivery of oxogenous growth factors or gene therapy. ..

..Our findings will provide fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms of muscle contraction and a basis for development of gene and drug therapies for the treatment of HCM. ..

..Collectively, these studies are likely to expand our understanding of tenascin in smooth muscle cells. ..

..Aim 3. TN deficiency promotes neointimal formation after vascular injury. Aim 4. TN deficiency per se is sufficient for neointimal formation. ..

..Drs. M. Kiani (analysis of hemodynamic forces), L. C. Gerstenfeld (osteopontin molecular biology), R. F. Wideman (poultry physiology, nutrition), and D. B. Thomason (muscle molecular biology) will provide consultation. ..

..The proposed projects will be supported by five distinguished consultants. ..