orbital neoplasms

..H.O. lymphoma classification and the tumour cell growth rate. The clinical symptoms and histopathological findings of the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative lesions of the ocular adnexa are discussed...

..This case underscores the importance of proper follow-up protocol for all surgical patients as well as patient education that reinforces the importance of follow-up care and self-monitoring on the part of the patient...

..However, if the tumor is close to, or touching, the orbital apex, adhering tightly to retrobulbar tissue, or combined with large draining veins, operation through other approaches must be considered...

..There are reports about chemo- and radiotherapy either on their own or combined which evidence differing degrees of success. Lifelong monitoring is necessary because recrudescences and metastases can occur even decades later...

..The use of the navigation clearly reduces the operative risk and increases the effectiveness of microsurgical orbital procedures...

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..CONCLUSION: Although different approaches have been proposed, the prognosis of orbital melanoma remains poor. In our experience too, the patients with longest survival were those whose tumours were exenterated...

..The present case suggests that pleomorphic adenoma should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. The therapeutic strategy for lacrimal gland tumors remains controversial, so a flexible management approach is required...

..Meticulous dissection is mandatory to separate the tumor from its surroundings. Cryoextraction may not be advisable because of the risk of fragmentation of the tumor due to its weak pseudoencapsulation...

..CONCLUSION: Orbital lymphoma surrounding the optic nerve may mimic the clinical and radiological appearance of an optic nerve meningioma...

..These findings are used to generate a differential diagnosis. Imaging is also useful to precise the extension of the mass, and in some cases to select the appropriate surgical approach, and for follow-up...

..Spiculated new bone formation and fluid-fluid levels had not been reported previously in skull Ewing's sarcomas and may be helpful features for preoperative diagnosis...

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..There was total regression of symptoms after surgery and vision was well maintained. COMMENTS: Radiological and pathological features are described and differential diagnoses of this entity are discussed...

..This differentiation is important, because dissection of venous-lymphatic malformations is fraught with more complications than surgical excision of a cavernous hemangioma...

..Based on cases of their experience, the authors analyze the orbital vascular pathology, especially its clinical and imagiological characteristics, important to the diagnosis...

..Knowledge of the contents of each compartment facilitates the differential diagnosis. Globe pathology is not dealt with in this review...

..Synchronous chemotherapy should be considered to potentiate the effectiveness of radiation. The place of surgery in the treatment of perineural spread is palliative...

..Gallium scanning provides no additional information to CT and does not influence patient treatment. PET represents an important addition to the assessment of OALD with real impact on patient management...

..CONCLUSIONS: Retinoblastoma patients with periocular second tumors have a poor prognosis. The transglabellar/subcranial approach can be used for surgical resection of periocular second tumor involving skull base with low morbidity...

..Because of the risk of malignant transformation, surgical en bloc removal with minimal tissue damage is the treatment of choice. This may be achieved by means of cryo-extraction via a minimally invasive orbitotomy...

..Anterior orbitotomy has become an important surgical procedure in the treatment of orbital cavernous hemangioma with excellent effect...

..No serious adverse effects were encountered. Bony orbital decompression may be a useful alternative treatment in patients with severe proptosis secondary to orbital lymphangioma...

..Although endoscopic techniques are useful for biopsy, debulking, and removal of orbital apex lesions, they may be more difficult to apply to an intraconal lesion at the orbital apex...

..Orbital changes support the concept of secondary dysplasia, in which interaction of PNFs with the developing skull is a major component of the multifaceted craniofacial changes possible with NF1...

..inflammatory pseudotumors of the orbit, but also benign lymphoproliferations, pseudolymphomas, and other orbital neoplasms. After histological confirmation of the diagnosis staging is necessary, and - as long as the disease is ..

..Thus, a histopathologic verification of the diagnosis is necessary in solid tumors...

..Because this type of tumor may enlarge during pregnancy and threaten visual function, surgery should not be delayed...

..Surgical excision in this case excluded malignancy, provided a definitive diagnosis of a rare entity and resulted in marked clinical improvement...

..CONCLUSIONS: Standardized echography is a useful adjunct in the evaluation of orbital solitary fibrous tumors and can help differentiate these tumors from other orbital lesions...

..The imaging characteristics of this rare tumor are comprehensively detailed, using complementary ultrasound, CT, and MRI, the combination of which allowed planning of total excision of the lesion...

..All previously described cases in the orbit have been in younger patients, classically in the third to fourth decades...

..An anterior orbitotomy was performed and the mass was excised in toto. Pathologic evaluation revealed a pure chondroma. Chondroma is an uncommon tumor that may rarely present as an orbital mass...

..All patients died 5 months to 28 months after presentation. CONCLUSION: Ocular NKTL is a highly aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis. The diagnosis relies on clinicopathologic findings...

..We present a case of 10-year survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer presenting as an orbital mass. These new findings provoke us to continue aggressive systemic and ophthalmic treatment for such patients...

..However, the close proximity of the tumor to important structures within the orbit precluded its excision with wide margins and may have predisposed the patient to the two episodes of local recurrence...

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..Afterwards the pathomorphological diagnosis was made by the specialists. Next the patients were observed and treated in the Haematological and Radiotherapy Departments...

..The early beginning of treatment in cases of fast progressing of the tumor allows prevention of extensive skin affection and amblyopia development...

..CONCLUSIONS: Isolated orbital neurofibromas may present with differing radiologic appearances. The combined use of high-resolution CT and MRI may be of benefit in the preoperative diagnosis of these uncommon orbital tumors...

..They are predominant in the posterior fossa and spinal cord and frequently mistaken for melanomas, especially on frozen sections. Orbital presentation is rare. The natural history is poorly defined...

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..CONCLUSION: Primary malignant melanoma may present as a secondary vascular lesion of the orbit and this very rare tumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any vascular anomaly...

..The mixture caused the injected lobules to assume a firm, rubbery texture, allowing them to be excised without bleeding...

..The transcranial approach offers excellent exposure and a rewarding cosmetic result and may be considered for large lesions superior and medial to the optic nerve, especially if they involve the orbital apex...

..CONCLUSIONS: The lower fornix approach to the orbit, an established technique for other indications, can be applied to the removal of large, medial intraconal tumors whose inferolateral poles protrude in the inferior surgical sector...

..These complications may occur as consequence of excessive traction, reduced working room, blind dissection behind the increased bulk of the tumor, or release of tight adhesions between the tumor and the surrounding orbital structures...

..Autosomal dominant Muir-Torre syndrome should be considered in patients who develop sebaceous gland carcinoma of the ocular adnexa. In this case, the sebaceous gland carcinoma is combined with visceral carcinoma...

..CONCLUSIONS: Staged CyberKnife radiosurgery is an effective option for the treatment of intraorbital lesions that controls tumor size, relieves pain, and preserves vision. The long-term safety of this treatment remains to be confirmed...

..Classification of SL can be the same or different from OLT. Development of SL is significantly associated with bilateral involvement...

..It may be a better alternative to surgery for low flow orbital tumors, which includes lymphangioma...

..They appear as homogenous masses along the orbital walls. Although the overall survival rate for patients with leukemia has improved over the past 3 decades, the mortality of patients who develop orbital leukemic tumors remains high...