medical ethics

To the best of our knowledge, medical ethics is not taught as a separate subject in Indian medical colleges. St John's Medical College has a programme for teaching medical ethics to its undergraduate students...

..Bioethicists use a wide range of methods for knowledge development and verification; each method should meet stringent standards of quality...

..It appears likely to include many articles directly related to medical ethics. The declaration may well evolve, like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, into a component of ..

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..Jewish medical ethics as derived from Jewish law, has definitions for the four cardinal values of secular medical ethics: autonomy, ..

The goal of the present study was to elucidate what influences medical students' attitudes and interests in medical ethics. At the end of their first, fifth and last terms, 409 medical students from all six medical schools in Sweden ..

..and analyses some important strategies of evasion and factors of hindrance that are met in the teaching of medical ethics to undergraduate medical students...

To characterise UK undergraduate medical ethics curricula and to identify opportunities and threats to teaching and learning.

..We suggest that these standards can only be achieved when the teaching and learning of medical ethics, law and professionalism are fundamental to, and thoroughly integrated both vertically and horizontally ..

In most European countries, medical ethics has become a more or less established subject in medical school curricula. Accordingly, the need to evaluate its success has arisen...

..He meets Paidagogos (PA),a teacher of medical ethics in the ancient Polis of Athens...

Over the past few decades the concept of (human) dignity has deeply pervaded medical ethics. Appeals to dignity, however, are often unclear...

..During the first conference of the World Medical Association (September 1947) issues of medical ethics played a major role: and a new document was drafted concerning the values of the medical profession...

..The paper further explains how the moral weight of the distinction between intended harms and merely foreseen harms in the doctrine of double effect can be justified by appeal to a limitation on the human capacity to pursue good...

..In this article, contemporary medical ethics in Iran, and the related moral philosophy, have been reviewed in brief and we have discussed some of the ..

..We argue for a middle way, involving shared decision making with parents of children with intersex and the honoring of parental preferences for or against surgery...

..To evaluate the impact of 3 years' ethics teaching (30 hours mainly small group teaching in year 1, 14 hours mainly lecture-type teaching in years 2 and 3) on students' proposed behaviour on encountering ethical dilemmas...

..Recommendations and legislation may help to build consensus and avoid conflicts among caregivers at each step of the decision-making process...

..This review recounts the history of the Tulane program with particular emphasis on the ethical propriety of the work. Factors that shaped the historical context in which the Tulane experiments were conducted are discussed...

..In this paper we simplify and highlight certain key teachings in Islamic medical ethics and explore their applications...

..That virtually all codes of the American Medical Association (AMA) as well as the various specialties insist that physicians work toward universal access is stressed...

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..Accordingly, the author suggests environmental changes to decrease residency stress as the most effective means of promoting the new ACGME requirements and the ideals of professionalism...

..This paper provides a sociological outline of these problems through a review of the key literature on the determination of death...

..We also see challenges not to, but in, medical professionalism - first and foremost in the profession's definition of good practices and the payer's confinement of insurance coverage to these...

..of the patient's rights to informed consent to treatment has been discussed with reference to codes of medical ethics. The expression of the patient's rights and recognition of his/her active part in the course of treatment was ..

It is hypothesised and argued that "the four principles of medical ethics" can explain and justify, alone or in combination, all the substantive and universalisable claims of medical ethics and probably of ethics more generally...

..This article provides an account of the physician's obligations in the informed consent process in terms of ethics and law...

..To evaluate whether current clinical criteria and confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of 'brain death' satisfy the requirements for the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including the brainstem...

..Finally, we point out parallel developments, both domestically and abroad, that reflect both implicit and explicit support for our proposal...

..There have been no studies to determine how and to what extent this teaching is done in physical medicine and rehabilitation training programs...

..The situation is improving but inevitable tensions remain between the surgeon committed to the individual patient here and now, and the clinical researcher whose focus is the benefit of future patients in the larger community...

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The objective of this research is to analyse the evolution and nature of published empirical research in the fields of medical ethics and bioethics.

..To be valid, assessment of professionalism must be subjective, narrative, personal, undertaken during periods of stress, and obtained during routine activity (rather than on special occasions)...

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..and on what basis should a given situation be regarded as an 'emergency situation'?; (b) what qualifies as a very severe form of spina bifida?; (c) what kind of care should be provided after the decision to withhold active care?..

..This approach involves four specific catalysts: professionalism role-modeling, self-awareness, narrative competence, and community service...

..The ethical policies of the World Medical Association provide the basis for determining appropriate physician conduct on these matters. The article concludes with reflections on the need for international standards of medical ethics.

..The fifth edition of the College's Ethics Manual covers emerging issues in medical ethics and revisits old ones...

..To describe the measurement properties of instruments reported in the literature that faculty might use to measure professionalism in medical students and residents...

..there currently is no formal tool for physicians to use in their critical appraisal of the normative medical ethics literature...

A survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical ethics among surgical residents and interns in three teaching hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. 101 out of 120 completed responses were included in the study...

..We argue that societal expectations about longevity and standard medical care come together today in a shifting ethics of normalcy, with unexplored socio-cultural ramifications...

..We also show how to use existing bioethical principles as inspiration for interpreting the empirical findings of qualitative studies. This may help researchers design their own empirical studies in the field of ethics...

The recent emergence of evidence-based medicine (EBM) presents medical ethics with the challenge of analyzing what is the current best medical evidence in ethical decision making...

..Following this review, the authors summarize the deficits in the current literature and provide recommendations for future inquiries on medical ethics education.

..However, parents may also refuse to consent and in this case national laws and legal mechanisms for resolving disputes may be used...

..This essay undertakes to provide a philosophical grounding for ethically responsible professionalism in the phenomena of clinical medicine, in the character of the professional, and in virtue theory...

..To examine the revised UAGA that may alter the ethics and law of EOL medical care in the United States. To analyze the revised UAGA in light of established legal and ethical standards...

..Medical examples are frequently complicated because patients' autonomous choices impact upon medical practitioners' surrounding responsibility...

The goals of medical ethics education comprise several dimensions: legal duties to secure informed consent, tell the truth and protect confidentiality; objective competencies that include an understanding of DNR regulations and surrogate ..

..There needs to be a consideration for both beneficence and autonomy with emphasis on balancing and doing equal justice to both...

b>Medical ethics education remains an important venue of moral education. In spite of the intensity of these efforts, the desired outcomes of medical ethics education remain obscure, undefined and largely untested...

..Both Ricoeur's concept of an ethics of memory and Aristotle's virtue ethics are presented in the discussion of too little and too much treatment...

..We refer to Stephen Toulmin's model of the structure of logical argument, the Rawlsian model of reflective equilibrium, and Thomas Nagel's representation of the particularistic position...

..We explored the ways in which physicians interpret and respond to conflict between medical recommendations and patients' religious commitments...

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..This study in empirical ethics used qualitative methods to investigate GPs' attitudes towards respect for patient autonomy in consultations for low back pain...

..It challenges the efficacy of current models for bioethics, shows what kinds of ethical issues develop in rural communities, and offers a framework for envisioning resources and approaches that may be more appropriate...

..Furthermore, in occupational health research, rather than thinking of employees as a "vulnerable population" it may be more useful to regard them as a distinct community and apply the 23 specified protections of communities...

..Conflicts of interest with players themselves, as well as with team management, are common. Team physicians must act professionally and maintain ethical principles, even in the high-pressure, high-performance world of athletics...

..This confrontation is, therefore, more apparent than real. A brief review of the main ethical systems and the results of their application to clinical decision-making follow the discussion of the cases...

..However, even if absolute knowledge is not available, it is the ethical duty of surgeons to give the patient information that is as close as possible as the "truth", and that will be helpful to them...

..Freely choosing not to choose is a choice a patient with decisional capacity is entitled to make and one that needs to be respected...

..It is shown how the protective purpose to be furthered by reporting is defeated by the practice of reporting. Hence there is no conflict between confidentiality and the professional responsibility to protect endangered third parties...

..Nevertheless, a reconstruction of professional ethics based on a new appreciation of what makes for a true healing relationship between patient and physician is both possible and necessary...

Informed patient consent for medical treatment is required by both law and medical ethics. Yet, both federal agencies and academicians are participating in the suppression of information about the heightened risk of breast cancer posed by ..

..The results of these interviews will be compared with the picture of pharmacogenetics painted in the published literature, as a way of rooting this somewhat speculative writing in clinical practice...

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..A framework for considering and articulating a response to these questions is suggested, using as a heuristic the phrasing "If I were you.../If it were me..."...

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..And rightly so: patients should receive enough information that they will not be surprised by whatever happens--unless the physician is also surprised...

..She will participate as a Faculty Associate at the Center for the Study of Medical Ethics and Humanities and continue work in the Center for Genome Ethics Law and Policy and the Center for Women's ..

..Health decisions consistent with patient preferences and values are supported by medical ethics and encouraged by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force...

..for new diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies, and (iii) will pursue extensive coursework in research and medical ethics; and will obtain experience with health sciences research, human genetics, molecular and cellular biological ..

..This application proposal includes two components: formal training in MR technology, statistical analysis and medical ethics and a specific research project defined below...

..medical sociology, special education and adult learning, public relations and marketing, political science, medical ethics and law, child psychiatry, child psychology, communication sciences and technology, and autism treatment...

..cost effectiveness analysis, health economics, meta-analysis, computational methods, decision psychology, and medical ethics. We seek support for one symposium, a workshop, and 9 short courses...

..period, trainees will participate in courses in clinical cancer and imaging sciences, biostatistics and medical ethics, in seminars and conferences, and will be required to complete original, independent research...

..grant application, project management, data analysis, statistical methods, communication of results, and medical ethics. To achieve these objectives, the candidate will (1) work under the direct supervision of Dr...

..MSM) to enhance the survival benefit from scarce donor organs; and (3) implement applied mathematics and medical ethics in organ allocation policymaking. To achieve these goals, Dr...

..Her research to date has combined her interests in geriatrics, medical ethics, and the end of life...

..together a team of investigators with nationally recognized records of accomplishment in genome science, medical ethics, bioinformatics, de-identification science, and translational and cardiovascular medicine to address four ..