food contamination

..Dilution of the bacterial filtrates that were still producing an effect on Vero cells ranged from 1:80 to 1:5,120. These results underscore the importance of determining enterotoxigenicity when testing for C. perfringens in foods...

..monocytogenes in 25 g of food with a tolerance of below 100 cfu g(-1) at the best before date...

..It appears that total viable counts have minor significance in the sensory assessment of maatjes herring...

..However, sensitivity analysis applied to the uncertainty parameters revealed that prevalence at retail was the most important source of uncertainty in the model...

..Methylmercury (MeHg), a worldwide contaminant found in fish and seafood, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality...

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..This paper highlights PSP seafood safety concerns, documented human cases, applied detection methods as well as monitoring and management strategies for preventing PSP-contaminated seafood products from entering the food supply...

..Use of this tool is likely to improve data quality and strain typing in current surveillance systems, which is necessary for identification of potential international foodborne outbreaks...

..We have investigated the extent of contamination with wheat, barley, rye or a mixture of these cereals in a large number of grains and commercial oats. We have also attempted to identify the type of cereal contaminant...

..2 ng/g, was found in two products from brand E as well. The average BPA level in the fruit products from all brands (0.60 ng/g) is lower than those in the mixed-dish products (1.1 ng/g) and the vegetable products (1.2 ng/g)...

..Mean levels of OTA found in these 3 years were, respectively, 0.30, 0.28, and 0.76 ng/g, and maximum levels were, respectively, 1.8, 1.4, and 3.3 ng/g...

..Nevertheless it remains of concern, given the proven undesirable effects of low-level exposure and higher susceptibility of pregnant women...

..The reported levels of BPA in human fluids are higher than the BPA concentrations reported to stimulate molecular endpoints in vitro and appear to be within an order of magnitude of the levels needed to induce effects in animal models...

..The mean and maximum BPA concentrations were 1.1 and 2.1 ng/g, respectively, for tomato paste products and 9.3 and 23 ng/g, respectively, for the pure tomato products...

..Ideally, if a patient appears likely to use oats, they should be advised to consume only those products tested and found to be free of contamination...

..The extracted amount of acrylamide is affected by several parameters: solvent properties, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature, particle size, and the microstructure of the sample...

..Wildlife faecal contamination of stored feed should be given serious consideration as a potential source of infection to livestock...

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..The results imply that the main source of human exposure to BPA is food from cans with linings that contain high percentages of BPA as an additive or an unforeseen contaminant...

..Through the use of IC-ESI-MS/ MS with a parent ion of m/z 153 and fragment ions of m/z 138, 123, and 105, the structure dimethylthioarsinic acid was tentatively identified in two of the rice samples using the enzymatic extraction...

..Oats and oat products that are safe for consumption by individuals with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis are now commercially available in Canada...

..We focus on ochratoxins in coffee, since coffee is becoming a key commodity in ochratoxin research and regulation...

..The impact of this level of oestrogenicity remains unclear...

..We assessed the extent of exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury in the New York City (NYC) adult population...

..samples of products for infants and children has initiated the 5-years cycle of monitoring investigations on food contamination with elements noxious to human health planned to perform in 2004-2008...

..Real-time PCR correctly identified 10 of 20 flocks as positive; thus, the method fulfilled the NordVal validation criteria and has since been implemented at a major abattoir...

..To investigate the renal outcomes of children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong...

..35 microg kg(-1) of body weight day(-1) for 0-1-month-old infants with the maximum formula intake, which is below the provisional tolerable daily intake for BPA established by Health Canada, 25 microg kg(-1) of body weight day(-1)...

..Case studies, including clinical, pathology, histology, and toxicology findings, are presented. An attempt is being made to identify the minerals in the uroliths and kidney tissues of affected animals...

..Out of 1200 samples, 2% showed AFB1 contamination above the permissible limits (>30 microg/kg). This is the first comprehensive report of aflatoxin contamination in rice across 20 states in India...

..At risk in the U.S. are some ten million hunters, their families, and low-income beneficiaries of venison donations...

..To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of melamine and its analogues in tainted infant formula and to identify the etiologic factors for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008...

..Subsequently, melamine has been detected in many milk and milk-containing products, as well as other food and feed products, which were also exported to many countries worldwide...

..5 microg/kg) having the highest concentrations. Dietary exposure to perchlorate from analyzed fruits and vegetables was estimated to be approximately 36.6 and 41.1 ng/kg bw/day for toddlers (1-4 yrs) and children (5-11yrs), respectively...

..However, significantly lower levels of aflatoxin production in embryo-killed resistant kernels than in susceptible ones suggest that, in reality, high levels of constitutive antifungal proteins are indispensable to kernel resistance...

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..In order to ascertain any bacterial contamination of donor human milk, we cultured milk samples both before and after Holder pasteurization...

..Our paper asks whether lead gunshot pellets also fragment upon impact, and whether lead derived from spent gunshot and bullets in the tissues of game animals could pose a threat to human health...

..Elution with 2 x 2 mL methanol-water (8 + 2, v/v) was chosen as a practical procedure; means of 81-98% of the total fumonisin B1 concentration were found in the first eluate, except for corn flakes and 2 experiments with corn meal...

..A risk assessment is presented which describes the number of meals required to exceed current tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) for Pb and Cd, and the potential contribution of large game consumption to such intake limit criteria...

..Furthermore, this finding has the future potential to reduce the number of animals currently being used in the production of antibodies for immunodiagnostic kits...

..These results indicate that human lymphocytes cells and plants cells (Allium cepa) have a very sensitive cellular response to the mycotoxin fumonisin B(1) as observed at the highest concentrations...

..0 ng/g for LC-VIS and 0.25 ng/g for LC-MSn. Incurred tissues from catfish, trout, tilapia, and salmon that had been treated with MG were also extracted and analyzed as part of this study...

..5 [95%CI]: 7.3 [6.2;8.9] for Non-Parametric-Week, 4.6 [4.3;5.0] for Non-Parametric-Occasion). A deterministic approach is nevertheless preferred to probabilistic modelling every time input data quality is questionable...

..BPA was mainly detected in the solid portion of canned food and found at the maximum level of 11 micrograms per can. To verify migration into the solid portion of canned food, a partitioning experiment was carried out...

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..In relation to this, the reduction of the consumption of dairy products and cereals would be important...

..These findings suggest that exposure to MeHg is widespread and that men may be a previously unrecognized high risk population...

..These findings reinforce the necessity of proper food-handling practices and of policies that discourage food handlers from working while ill...

..We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for contamination of implicated maize and, for the first time, quantitated biomarkers associated with acute aflatoxicosis...

..w.) established by the Italian legislation. Weekly intakes were estimated and compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) recommended by the FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives...

..Accuracy on prediction of those models was between 87 and 96%, except for samples inoculated with Penicillium corylophilum where the best predictions only reached 46%...

..The recommended method is simple, rapid, and specific for monitoring residues of MG and LMG in a number of aquatic species...

..The polymyxin ELISA is a simple and inexpensive assay for E. coli O157 with a 96-well microtiter plate format, making this system ideally suited for processing large numbers of samples...

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..Other parameters that may affect slurrying results have been investigated as well...

..In addition, HAV-contaminated food may be the source of hepatitis A for an unknown proportion of persons whose source of infection is not identified...

..The study suggests that reducing perchlorate concentration in dairy feed may reduce perchlorate concentrations in milk as well as the potential to reduce human exposure to perchlorate in milk...

..While an adverse effect of mercury exposure at background levels on BP was not present overall, an adverse association was present among non-fish-consuming young and middle-aged women...

..002 mg kg(-1). Of these, BPA was quantified in 37 canned foods at levels from 0.007 mg kg(-1), with one sample of meat containing a mean level of 0.38 mg kg(-1). All other samples contained <0.07 mg kg(-1) BPA...

..The study also emphasised the need for further research in this field...

..Thus, E. coli may be considered as a good indicator for enteric zoonotic agents such as Salmonella for beef, pork, and poultry samples and for Campylobacter in poultry samples...

..This study describes a potential application of five different LAB in the biopreservation of Listeria in CSS...

..monocytogenes on frankfurters throughout aerobic storage and the combination of irradiation and 3% lactate/diacetate reduced and retarded growth of L. monocytogenes, especially during the last 2 wk of vacuum-packaged storage...

..perfringens spore germination and outgrowth. Incorporation of organic acid salts at appropriate concentrations can prevent germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens in improperly cooled sambusa...

..3-4 days for samples containing 0.1% oregano oil, 2-3 days for samples under MAP and 5-6 days for samples under MAP containing 0.1% of oregano oil was attained. Thus oregano oil and MAP exhibited an additive preservation effect...

..S. and Europe in their efforts to control L. monocytogenes as they are effective against even the most antimicrobial-resistant strains tested in this study...

..The results of these trials suggested that this experimental approach may be useful for in-plant validation of process lethality...

..pseudomonads, Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts. Chemical data revealed that pH, ammonia, glucose and lactate examinations might not be useful for monitoring eel quality differences...

..Results from this study can be useful to the industry for developing an efficient intervention strategy against contamination of ready-to-eat meat products by L. monocytogenes...

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..monocytogenes being slightly lower than the initial inoculum. Chitosan-coated plastic films containing 0.001 g/cm(2) of SL have a potential to be used on ham steaks to control L. monocytogenes...

..Portions of reconstituted infant formula not fed to infants should be stored at < or = 4 degrees C, a temperature at which E. sakazakii will not grow...

..coli O157:H7 on the surface of beef subprimal cuts is low and that interventions applied before mechanical tenderization can effectively reduce the transfer of low concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 to the interior of beef subprimal cuts...

..This specific guideline should be clarified with a minimum relative humidity requirement to ensure the production of a safe product...

..This study provides direction for future sampling or surveillance programs that include enumeration of Listeria on retail food...

..Overall, U.S. commercial poultry slaughter operations are successful in significantly lowering the prevalence and number of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses during processing...

..From the results obtained it can concluded that antimicrobial packaging can improve the safety of sliced cooked ham by delaying and reducing the growth of L. monocytogenes...

..Our results also indicate that if Korean consumers wish to safely store kimbab for 5 h at ambient temperature, S. aureus concentration should not exceed 1 CFU/g at the time of preparation...

..The QMRA model developed here provided a useful tool for studying the connection between the ALOP and other targets in the production chain...

..However, 5- and 15-day-old turkey breast without lactate-diacetate stored aerobically for 12 days resulted in similar pathogen levels (7.3-7.7 log cfu/cm(2)), irrespective of contamination scenario...

..monocytogenes to meet the criteria for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Alternative 1 process for ready-to-eat deli meat products manufactured without lactate or diacetate...

..These results may contribute to the exposure assessment of quantitative microbial risk assessment and to the establishment of storage-packaging recommendations of fermented sausages...

..The transfer of potential pathogens, such as S. aureus, to foods from cleaning and handling tools may hold food safety implications...

..Therefore, risks associated with meat quality are not predicted by quantitative enumeration of LAB in marinades...

..These findings warrant consideration of the public health benefits related to freezing contaminated poultry prior to commercial distribution to reduce Campylobacter exposure levels associated with contaminated carcasses...

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..Practices that promote the spread of the pathogens in the rural household kitchens were investigated. Food was thought to be contaminated as a result of poor food handling, preparation and storage practices...

..perfringens in pea soup. Although fine-tuning may be needed to eliminate inaccuracies, it was concluded that the combined model could be a useful tool for designing good manufacturing practices (GMP) procedures...

..coli O157 present and the risk of carcass contamination. Processing practices at this abattoir were adequate for minimizing contamination of carcasses, even when animals were heavily contaminated with E. coli O157...

..cereus enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination kit. Results of the assay revealed that 59.6% of the B. cereus isolates were enterotoxigenic. Most of the enterotoxigenic isolates were obtained from vegetable samples...

..typhimurium (> or =5.23 log(10)CFU/g reduction), and E. coli O157:H7 (3.48 log(10)CFU/g reduction). In summary, soudjouk-style sausage does not provide a favorable environment for outgrowth/survival of these three pathogens...

..This study was carried out to determine the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and subsequent shelf life of beef subjected to subatmospheric steam at differing temperatures...

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..mechanism-based strategies for preventing and/or treating persons exposed to these agents via inadvertent food contamination or deliberate chemical terrorism...

..b>Food contamination with human pathogens is a major concern to public health...

..b>Food contamination with human pathogens is a major concern to public health...

..could be the source of asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen in humans and a potential reservoir leading to food contamination. Here we seek to further characterize the genetics and unique physiology of Listeria in the gallbladder as a ..

..The research ultimately will lead to better methods for prevention of food contamination and disease caused by the deadly pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes.

..In addition to general exposure and food contamination, the safety of OPs is a large public health concern because OPs share chemical traits, structure and ..

..This work brings together a multidisciplinary research team with a record of collaboration and expertise in epidemiology, toxicology, and genetics. ..

..Altogether, these studies are aimed at elucidating novel aspects of the communication between astrocytes and neurons and at characterizing new mechanisms involved in the developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol. ..

..Altogether, these studies are aimed at elucidating novel aspects of the communication between astrocytes and neurons and at characterizing new mechanisms involved in the developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol. ..

..Altogether, these studies are aimed at elucidating novel aspects of the communication between astrocytes and neurons and at characterizing new mechanisms involved in the developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol. ..

..2. To investigate the molecular pathways involved in the observed inhibition by ethanol of the mitogenic action of acetylcholine in astrocytes. ..

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..mechanism-based strategies for preventing and/or treating persons exposed to these agents via inadvertent food contamination or deliberate chemical terrorism...

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..This supports the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities mission to "reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities." ..

..Adolescence is a period of rapid brain growth and development, yet very little is known about the impact of exposure to chemical contaminants during this period on cognitive and behavioral function. ..

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..This project addresses a critical and growing public health concern, namely, autism; this disorder affects as many as one in 166 children. Our project will evaluate risk factors that may play a causal role. ..

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..The results may therefore provide new information that could very likely have an impact on the preventive efforts and standard-setting of the EPA and other regulatory agencies in the U.S and elsewhere. ..

..Modern statistical methods will be used to determine whether these outcome variables are associated with estrogen, thyroid, or Ah receptor abnormalities and specific contaminant exposures prenatally or postnatally. ..

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..Comparative analysis of interaction coefficients between the MCF and biological systems will provide some insight into dominant physicochemical interactions influencing dermal absorption of biocides in chemical mixtures. ..

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..Underpinning the research in these Program areas are Core facilities with expertise in Analytical Chemistry and Biostatistics and Epidemiology. ..

..This experimental approach allows interaction models to be built which can be used to assess other workplace mixtures. ..

..Comparative analysis of interaction coefficients between the MCF and biological systems will provide some insight into dominant physicochemical interactions influencing dermal absorption of biocides in chemical mixtures. ..

..Ultimately, the products of this research will help inform the development and risk assessment of formulations that afford greater protection. ..

..Description (Provided by Applicant) ..

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..As in the past, findings from these animal studies will guide the selection of outcome measures for use in the birth cohort. ..