disinfection

..The introduction of chlorination as a disinfection method caused a large drop in mortality from water borne diseases and was considered a major public health ..

..of an automated, on- demand, electrochemical generator of chlorine dioxide for a variety of high level disinfection applications, including endoscope reprocessing and surgical instrument disinfection...

..of an automated, on- demand, electrochemical generator of chlorine dioxide for a variety of high level disinfection applications, including endoscope reprocessing and surgical instrument disinfection...

..However disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed by the reactions between chlorine and the natural organic matter (NOM) dissolved ..

..Exposures include drinking water contaminants, especially disinfection byproducts and arsenic; airborne radon in homes; and body burdens of chlorinated hydrocarbons from past ..

..In this context solar disinfection of drinking water is especially appealing using a combination of irradiation by direct sunlight and solar ..

..Current disinfection methods (prolonged flushing, daily draining, filters, and chemical disinfectants) require regular maintenance ..

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proper medical equipment disinfection is critical to protect patient and health care provider. Aging and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compromised populations are more prone to infection...

..viable GPS, continuing with sterilization studies comparing the GPS to currently available sterilization/disinfection methods, and building, validating and evaluating three new production equivalent GPS prototypes in preparation ..

..The American Academy of Ophthalmology states, "High prevalence of inadequate CL disinfection, CL storage-case contamination, and contaminated CL solutions among CL users have been reported ...

..and portable room air cleaning machines), and one pre-planned preventive interventions (upper room UV air disinfection) can effectively reduce the risk of person to person airborne transmission...

..and portable room air cleaning machines), and one pre-planned preventive interventions (upper room UV air disinfection) can effectively reduce the risk of person to person airborne transmission...

..Terms: biomedical equipment development, miniature biomedical equipment, ozone, water quality, water supply, water treatment antiseptic sterilization, cost effectiveness, portable biomedical equipment, water microbiology biotechnology..

..These fabrics could also have broad applications as household disinfection and hygiene wipes and could be incorporated into many consumer product applications...

..These fabrics could also have broad applications as household disinfection and hygiene wipes and could be incorporated into many consumer product applications...

..stable contaminants and refractory microbes that are not removed from wastewater using standard chlorine-based disinfection. We will show that the use of the HYDOZ to treat wastewater at centralized wastewater treatment facilities is a ..

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of chlorine for the disinfection of domestic water supplies produces a range of halogenated organic compounds as a result of chemical reactions between the chlorine and naturally occurring ..

..C. parvum is resistant to many water disinfection procedures and several large outbreaks in the US have been linked to drinking and recreational water ..

..C. parvum is resistant to many water disinfection procedures and several large outbreaks in the US have been linked to drinking and recreational water ..

..disinfectant, there are many problems with chlorine including it is hazardous to use and ship, by-products of disinfection (e.g...

..The final product is intended to minimize the danger for those exposed to B. anthracis and should also be effective for disinfection of other bioterrorism agents and for nosocomial pathogens in the healthcare setting.

..Thirty randomly selected subjects in each group will receive full mouth "soft tissue cleaning and disinfection. Subjects will refrain from oral hygiene for 7 days during which time Supra and subgingival plaque samples will ..

..This understanding will enable one to create novel materials, surfaces, and/or disinfection strategies that resist or eliminate staphylococcal fouling and biofilm formation...

..Different disinfection measures will be evaluated for both human and animal caliciviruses and the results will be correlated with ..

..This understanding will enable one to create novel materials, surfaces, and/or disinfection strategies that resist or eliminate staphylococcal fouling and biofilm formation...

..agricultural workers, fire fighters and military soldiers as well as for cloth products for household disinfection and various consumer products...

..Ongoing and planned cross-sectional studies include populations exposed to benzene, chlorinated solvents, disinfection byproducts. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, and selected pesticides...

..by women are substitutes or complements for other major public health interventions such as drinking water disinfection (this is a critical but poorly understood determinant of intervention effectiveness)...

..by women are substitutes or complements for other major public health interventions such as drinking water disinfection (this is a critical but poorly understood determinant of intervention effectiveness)...

..sometimes microbes establish biofilms on lenses and often such biofilms are not satisfactorily removed despite disinfection and cleaning with systems currently available...

..High concentrations of H2O2 (equal to or more than 1%) are used clinically for wound disinfection. However, there is a general agreement that at these doses H2O2 is harsh to regenerating cells and may not ..

..antibodies (mAbs) have great potential as biodefense agents, whether in passive immunization, detection or disinfection. At present this potential is limited by the cost and time constraints in producing large quantities of these ..

..antibodies (mAbs) have great potential as biodefense agents, whether in passive immunization, detection or disinfection. At present this potential is limited by the cost and time constraints in producing large quantities of these ..

..CAFOs and to employ these techniques to test the efficacies of two engineering processes for bio-aerosol disinfection: U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge...

..CAFOs and to employ these techniques to test the efficacies of two engineering processes for bio-aerosol disinfection: U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge...

..CAFOs and to employ these techniques to test the efficacies of two engineering processes for bio-aerosol disinfection: U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge...

..CAFOs and to employ these techniques to test the efficacies of two engineering processes for bio-aerosol disinfection: U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge...

..angipgenic factors, and bone morphogenetic growth factors that can be released sequentially to enable disinfection of the joint area, bone healing and growth respectively...

..g. handling live birds, slaughtering, stable disinfection) 5...

..At the end of Phase I we will have established a sound rationale for the technical and commercial viability of the device and technology...

..The POU device can also be integrated with Lynntech's proven disinfection technology using ozone / photocatalysis to provide for sterile water...

..g. handling live birds, slaughtering, stable disinfection) 5...

..A variety of industrial applications are anticipated where cost effective on-site oxygen concentration is important for medical industrial processes and disinfection of waste streams.

..This rapid turn-around of endoscopes places a high premium on expeditious cleaning and disinfection methods...

..The household disinfection and consumer product market for this technology would also be wide and diverse due to the public's increased ..

..angipgenic factors, and bone morphogenetic growth factors that can be released sequentially to enable disinfection of the joint area, bone healing and growth respectively...

..The objectives of this crossover intervention study are to determine the effectiveness of three air disinfection techniques in reducing grade school children's asthma attack rates, visits to the nurse and absence rates due ..

..We have brought on board 2 biofilm experts to evaluate biofilm removal and study potential for regrowth. Customization of the membrane device will be conducted during the Phase II study, prior to market introduction during Phase III...

..t values in disinfection processes...

..Both the weight and cost of consumable materials are extremely low. The system offers effective disinfection at a rate much greater than current technology.

..Applicant's Abstract): The greatest uncertainties contributing to poor confidence in risk assessments for water disinfection by-products (DBPs) stem from inadequacies in our capability to determine the relevancy to humans of results ..

..This abstract is not available. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a new Gordon Research Conference, entitled, "Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products (DBPs): Integrating Occurrence and Formation, Exposure, Toxicity, and Epidemiology"...

..This abstract is not available...

..indicate the importance of determining the number of VBNC cells and the type of pipe materials to estimate the HPC concentration in water distribution systems and thus the need of determining a DVC in evaluating disinfection efficiency.

..We examined the disinfective potential of electrolysis and mechanism of disinfection, and clarified the disinfective effect of electrolysis on tap water contaminated with bacteria, and discussed ..

..The goal of this article is to increase the awareness of potential health risks posed by biofilm formation and provide information on techniques and devices designed to control the microbial contamination of DUWLs...

..CONCLUSIONS: The effective delivery of approved disinfectants can control the level of microorganisms in DUWs at acceptable levels...

..In this sense, the process of disinfection plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms...

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..After these sources of recontamination had been repaired, chlorine dioxide sanitization could be stopped successfully..

The efficiency of various disinfection treatments against Legionella was tested on a hot water distribution system (HWDS) pilot unit...

AIMS: The influence of two disinfection techniques on natural biofilm development during drinking water treatment and subsequent distribution is compared with regard to the supply of a high-quality drinking water...

..However, results from several machine connection points exceeded these limits by a large margin. Several disinfection cycles were required in order to achieve results in keeping with our operational limits...

..This article reviews the different methods of control and provides recent recommendations for ensuring that water of satisfactory quality is delivered to the patient...

..Among the intervention group, residual chlorine levels met or exceeded Sphere standards in 85% (95% CI: 83.1-86.8) of observations with a 95% compliance rate...

..The effects of the current strategies for disinfection of drinking water systems in large buildings (chlorination, copper and silver ionization, and hyper-heating) ..

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..Inactivation kinetics was pseudo first-order for the three treatment processes, while the disinfection rate was a linear function of the disinfectant dose...

..Processing endoscopes with artificially blocked channels in the AdaptaScope and LS-2000 incurred error messages and the processes stopped whereas the ETD-2Plus and Innova-E3 did not display error messages...

The impact of water quality on the ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of grey water was investigated with reference to urban water reuse...

..greatest synergism was observed when chlorine dioxide was used as a primary disinfectant followed by secondary disinfection with free chlorine...

Wastewater disinfection is practiced with the goal of reducing risks of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a between-patient disinfection procedures to maintain low bacterial counts in dental unit water line (DUWL) effluents, and control dental water line biofilms...

The drinking water industry is continually seeking innovative disinfection strategies to control biofouling in transmission systems...

Residual chlorine loss due to UV sunlight in the chlorine disinfection contact basins (DCBs) was investigated at two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)...

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..In the first week water was drawn from point A before and after disinfection on two different days; during the second and third weeks the same procedure was performed at points B and C, ..

b>Disinfection byproducts and microorganisms present in drinking water may have deleterious effects on human health. The authors examined bacterial indicators (enterobacteria and Helicobacter pylori [H...

The paper summarizes the results of a bench-scale study to evaluate the long-term disinfection efficiency of peracetic acid (PAA)...

This study brings out the potential efficacy of hybrid techniques for water disinfection. The techniques studied include hydrodynamic cavitation, acoustic cavitation and treatment with chemicals like hydrogen peroxide and ozone...

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems are incorporated into drinking water production facilities because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial capabilities, and the minimal disinfection by-product formation that generally accompanies ..

..Because dialysis machines are susceptible to microbial contamination, it is necessary to take measures such as placing an ultrafiltration membrane into the circuit before the entrance of dialysate into the dialyser...

..The World Health Organization has determined that this amount of silver could be used for water disinfection without health risks...

Predicting the disinfection performance of a full-scale reactor in drinking water treatment is associated with considerable uncertainty...

AIMS: Monitoring of microbial changes during and after application of various disinfection treatments in a model domestic water system...

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..In conclusion, our result would indicate that PAA is an unlikely candidate for the disinfection of drinking water from M. avium and further strategies are required to eliminate M...

..areas and after 8 weeks in moderate infectious risk areas, together with routine weekly alcohol-based surface disinfection and additionally in case of visible contamination...

..We performed disinfection studies using chlorine and ozone on E...

The activity inducing chromosomal aberrations of the mixture of brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) was approximately three times higher than that of the chlorinated counterparts for the same hypohalous acid dose...

..and trihalomethane formation potential/dissolved organic carbon (THMFP/DOC) showed consistent trends; therefore, the A(253)/A(203) ratio may be a good indicator of tendency for the formation potential of disinfection by-products (DBPs).

..On the basis of these results, the paper discusses implications regarding public health protection and exposure assessment for epidemiological studies...

AIMS: To assess spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and errors due to sampling and analysis in levels of disinfection by-products in routine monitoring tap water samples and in water samples collected in households within the same ..

BACKGROUND: Chlorination of drinking water generates disinfection by-products (DBPs), which have been shown to disrupt spermatogenesis in rodents at high doses, suggesting that DBPs could pose a reproductive risk to men...

The inactivation effect of Bacillus subtilis spores was studied, both UV irradiation and chlorine disinfection individual and combined application process was examined with laboratory water samples. Results show that only 0...

..This knowledge is of value in assessing monochloramine stability in distribution systems and reaction pathways leading to disinfection by-product (DBP) formation.

..The impact of these disinfectants on the formation of disinfection byproducts was investigated...

..Tests run with chloraminated water showed no statistically significant effect of treatment type and had wall rate constants that were only 40 to 70% as high as those using free chlorine...

..CONCLUSION: Ultraviolet light usage was associated with negative water cultures and lack of clearly documented nosocomial Legionella infection for 13 years at this hospital...

..This study compared disinfection products for their ability to meet the American Dental Association's guideline of <200 CFU x ml(-1) for DUWS ..

..ten designated water taps were provided with terminal tap water filters that could be reprocessed by thermal disinfection. A further 129 samples were taken after a usage interval of 7 days and 10 more samples after a usage interval ..

..Attention should be paid to the control of the water leaving laser devices, given the increasingly wide use of such instruments in dental treatment exposed to risk of infection...

..After varying success with routine disinfection of system components showing partly fast recovery and growth of bacteria (i.e...