law enforcement

Summary

Summary: Organized efforts to insure obedience to the laws of a community.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Multiple contacts with diversion at the point of arrest
    Sharon Riordan
    The University of Birmingham and South Birmingham Mental Health NHS Trust, Reaside Clinic, Birmingham Great Park, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B45 9BE
    Med Sci Law 43:105-10. 2003
  2. ncbi The role of jurisdiction on persistence of torture in Turkey and public reflections
    Sebnem Korur Fincanci
    Istanbul University, Turkey
    Torture 18:51-5. 2008
  3. ncbi The number of criminal prosecutions against physicians due to medical negligence is on the rise in Japan
    Toru Hiyama
    Am J Emerg Med 26:105-6. 2008
  4. ncbi Vision and drivers--a South Wales survey
    S Anuradha
    Department of Health Systems, Policy and Practice, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 29:230-5. 2007
  5. ncbi Alcohol-impaired drivers: reducing the risk for children
    Ruth Shults
    Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Team, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
    J Law Med Ethics 33:49-52. 2005
  6. ncbi Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas
    Samuel R Friedman
    National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY 10010, USA
    AIDS 20:93-9. 2006
  7. ncbi Geographic approaches to quantifying the risk environment: drug-related law enforcement and access to syringe exchange programmes
    Hannah L F Cooper
    Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Room 568, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    Int J Drug Policy 20:217-26. 2009
  8. ncbi Traffic law enforcement in Hyderabad, India
    Rakhi Dandona
    Health Studies Area, Centre for Human Development, Administrative Staff College of India, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad 500 082, India
    Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 12:167-76. 2005
  9. ncbi Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India
    Rakhi Dandona
    Health Studies Area, Centre for Human Development, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
    J Safety Res 37:149-58. 2006
  10. ncbi Evidence-based policy on road safety: the effect of the demerit points system on seat belt use and health outcomes
    Francesco Zambon
    Medical Epidemiologist, Viale della Vittoria 83, Vittorio Veneto, Italy
    J Epidemiol Community Health 61:877-81. 2007

Research Grants

  1. Evaluation of the potential for translation to practice of a sleep disorders mana
    CHARLES CZEISLER; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. The Logics for HIV Risk among Street-Based Heroin Injectors
    Philippe Bourgois; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. Impact of Drug Policy Reform on the HIV Risk Environment among IDUs in Tijuana
    Steffanie A Strathdee; Fiscal Year: 2010
  4. CONTROL OF HISTONE MRNA LEVELS
    William Marzluff; Fiscal Year: 1993
  5. The Sexual Abuse of Vulnerable Adults in Institutions
    Pamela Teaster; Fiscal Year: 2006
  6. Testing a Systems Level Intervention to Improve Police Response to Persons with M
    Amy Watson; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. Intimate Partner Violence Among Low-Income Pregnant Women: Multilevel Analysis
    Qing Li; Fiscal Year: 2005
  8. Rural Methamphetamine-Abusing Parents and Their Children
    Wendy Haight; Fiscal Year: 2007
  9. Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis C Among Injecting Drug Users in Tijuana
    Steffanie Strathdee; Fiscal Year: 2009
  10. Changes in Homicide and Drug Overdose in New York City
    Kenneth Tardiff; Fiscal Year: 2006

Detail Information

Publications217 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Multiple contacts with diversion at the point of arrest
    Sharon Riordan
    The University of Birmingham and South Birmingham Mental Health NHS Trust, Reaside Clinic, Birmingham Great Park, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B45 9BE
    Med Sci Law 43:105-10. 2003
    ..This research highlights the need for a re-evaluation of service provision and associated education of police officers and relevant mental health care professionals...
  2. ncbi The role of jurisdiction on persistence of torture in Turkey and public reflections
    Sebnem Korur Fincanci
    Istanbul University, Turkey
    Torture 18:51-5. 2008
    ..total number of punishments in 2007, which drew a more hopeful picture with 5,082 punishments among 33,000 law enforcement officials who had been taken to court...
  3. ncbi The number of criminal prosecutions against physicians due to medical negligence is on the rise in Japan
    Toru Hiyama
    Am J Emerg Med 26:105-6. 2008
  4. ncbi Vision and drivers--a South Wales survey
    S Anuradha
    Department of Health Systems, Policy and Practice, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
    J Public Health (Oxf) 29:230-5. 2007
    ..We surveyed a sample of automobile and motorbike drivers in South Wales to identify the prevalence of drivers failing to meet the visual requirements for driving as laid down by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA)...
  5. ncbi Alcohol-impaired drivers: reducing the risk for children
    Ruth Shults
    Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Team, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
    J Law Med Ethics 33:49-52. 2005
  6. ncbi Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas
    Samuel R Friedman
    National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY 10010, USA
    AIDS 20:93-9. 2006
    ..To understand associations of punitive policies to the population prevalence of injection drug users and to HIV seroprevalence among injectors...
  7. ncbi Geographic approaches to quantifying the risk environment: drug-related law enforcement and access to syringe exchange programmes
    Hannah L F Cooper
    Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Room 568, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    Int J Drug Policy 20:217-26. 2009
    ..methods to create neighbourhood-based measures of syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) or of drug-related law enforcement activities, despite the fact that these interventions are widely conceptualized as structural and spatial in ..
  8. ncbi Traffic law enforcement in Hyderabad, India
    Rakhi Dandona
    Health Studies Area, Centre for Human Development, Administrative Staff College of India, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad 500 082, India
    Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 12:167-76. 2005
    The aim of the study was to understand traffic law enforcement (TLE) carried out by the police to reduce non-compliance with traffic laws on the roads of Hyderabad city in India for 2001-2003...
  9. ncbi Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India
    Rakhi Dandona
    Health Studies Area, Centre for Human Development, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
    J Safety Res 37:149-58. 2006
    ..We report on the availability of drivers licenses, use of a helmet, driver behavior, and condition of vehicles for MTV drivers in Hyderabad, a city in India..
  10. ncbi Evidence-based policy on road safety: the effect of the demerit points system on seat belt use and health outcomes
    Francesco Zambon
    Medical Epidemiologist, Viale della Vittoria 83, Vittorio Veneto, Italy
    J Epidemiol Community Health 61:877-81. 2007
    ..To assess the effect of a demerit points system, introduced in Italy in July 2003, on the prevalence of seat belt use (intermediate outcome) and the number of road traffic deaths and injuries (health outcomes)...
  11. ncbi Youth tobacco sales-to-minors and possession-use-purchase laws: a public health controversy
    Leonard A Jason
    Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
    J Drug Educ 35:275-90. 2005
    ..This article reviews the ongoing debate behind these types of public health efforts, and examines the evidence of such programs to reduce youth tobacco use...
  12. ncbi Injury pattern of the Flash-Ball, a less-lethal weapon used for law enforcement: report of two cases and review of the literature
    Peter Wahl
    Centre for Emergency Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
    J Emerg Med 31:325-30. 2006
    Less-lethal weapons are used in law enforcement to neutralize combative individuals and to disperse riot crowds. Local police recently used such an impact weapon, the Flash-Ball, in two different situations...
  13. ncbi The federal initiative to halt the sale of tobacco to children--the Synar Amendment, 1992-2000: lessons learned
    J R DiFranza
    Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
    Tob Control 14:93-8. 2005
    ..The Synar Amendment was enacted by the US Congress in 1992 to require states and territories to establish and enforce laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors...
  14. ncbi Strengthening communities' youth access policies may facilitate clean indoor air action
    Leonard A Jason
    Prev Chronic Dis 4:A113. 2007
  15. ncbi Street policing, injecting drug use and harm reduction in a Russian city: a qualitative study of police perspectives
    Tim Rhodes
    Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
    J Urban Health 83:911-25. 2006
    ..We conclude that facilitating partnerships between policing agencies and HIV prevention initiatives are a critical feature of creating environments conducive for risk reduction...
  16. ncbi Youth caught in violation of tobacco purchase, use, and possession laws: education versus fines
    Leonard A Jason
    DePaul University, Chicago, USA
    Behav Modif 31:713-31. 2007
    ....
  17. ncbi Effects of an intensive street-level police intervention on syringe exchange program use in Philadelphia, PA
    Corey S Davis
    BS, University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Addiction, HIV AIDS Prevention Research Division, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4058, Philadelphia, PA 19104 3309, USA
    Am J Public Health 95:233-6. 2005
    ..Declines in use among Black and male participants were much more pronounced than decreases among White and female participants...
  18. ncbi A randomized trial evaluating tobacco possession-use-purchase laws in the USA
    Leonard A Jason
    DePaul University, Center for Community Research, Chicago, IL 60614, United States
    Soc Sci Med 67:1700-7. 2008
    ..The implications of these findings are discussed...
  19. ncbi Impact of supply-side policies for control of illicit drugs in the face of the AIDS and overdose epidemics: investigation of a massive heroin seizure
    Evan Wood
    British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
    CMAJ 168:165-9. 2003
    ..drug use and behavioural characteristics, heroin and cocaine prices, and participants' reports of whether law enforcement had affected their source of drugs or the types of drugs available on the street, as well as overdoses, in ..
  20. ncbi Traffic-law enforcement and risk of death from motor-vehicle crashes: case-crossover study
    Donald A Redelmeier
    Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook and Women s College Health Sciences Centre, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Ontario, ON, Toronto, Canada
    Lancet 361:2177-82. 2003
    ..We tested whether traffic convictions, because of their direct effect on the recipient, might be associated with a reduced risk of fatal motor-vehicle crashes...
  21. ncbi To serve and protect? Toward a better relationship between drug control policy and public health
    Scott Burris
    AIDS 20:117-8. 2006
  22. ncbi The expanding use of DNA in law enforcement: what role for privacy?
    Mark A Rothstein
    University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
    J Law Med Ethics 34:153-64. 2006
  23. ncbi Collaboration between public health and law enforcement: the constitutional challenge
    Edward P Richards
    Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1000, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 8:1157-9. 2002
  24. ncbi Collaboration between public health and law enforcement: new paradigms and partnerships for bioterrorism planning and response
    Jay C Butler
    Centers for Desease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 8:1152-6. 2002
    ..anthracis sent through the mail during September and October 2001 led to unprecedented public health and law enforcement investigations, which involved thousands of investigators from federal, state, and local agencies...
  25. ncbi Age differentials in the impacts of reduced heroin: effects of a "heroin shortage" in NSW, Australia
    Louisa Degenhardt
    National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
    Drug Alcohol Depend 79:397-404. 2005
    ..This paper uses a unique event, the Australian heroin shortage, to see whether an abrupt, substantial and sustained change in heroin supply had different effects on harms related to heroin use among younger and older heroin users...
  26. ncbi Evaluating explanations of the Australian 'heroin shortage'
    Louisa Degenhardt
    National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
    Addiction 100:459-69. 2005
    ..In this paper we outline and evaluate competing explanations for a heroin shortage that occurred in Australia during 2001 with an abrupt onset at the beginning of 2001...
  27. ncbi The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors' ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study
    Hannah Cooper
    Medical Health and Research Institution National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, 71 West 23rd Street, 8th Floor, New York 10010, USA
    Soc Sci Med 61:673-84. 2005
    ..Possible strategies include improving access to treatment and establishing safe injection spaces...
  28. ncbi National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) notes. Breath test refusals in DWI enforcement: an interim report
    Mary Pat McKay
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Injury Prevention and Control, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
    Ann Emerg Med 46:552-3; discussion 553-5. 2005
  29. ncbi Domestic violence and firearms: reflections of a prosecutor
    Casey Gwinn
    San Diego District Attorney's Office, San Diego, CA, USA
    Eval Rev 30:237-44. 2006
  30. ncbi It is speed that kills
    Ben Kelley
    Public Health Advocacy Institute, 102 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    J Public Health Policy 26:416-7. 2005
  31. ncbi Are temporary restraining orders more likely to be issued when applications mention firearms?
    Katherine A Vittes
    School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    Eval Rev 30:266-82. 2006
    ..However, the proportion of these individuals who report threatened or actual use of firearms against them is similar to that of other applicants. Federal and, when relevant, state law should be modified to include these persons...
  32. ncbi Separating batterers and guns: a review and analysis of gun removal laws in 50 States
    Shannon Frattaroli
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Eval Rev 30:296-312. 2006
    ..The authors examine relevant characteristics of the laws and recommend that these laws be mandatory, apply to all guns and ammunition possessed by an abuser, and include clear procedures to enhance implementation...
  33. ncbi Drug identification performance on the basis of observable signs and symptoms
    David Shinar
    Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ben Gurion Blvd, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
    Accid Anal Prev 37:843-51. 2005
    ....
  34. ncbi The effectiveness of enforcement and publicity campaigns on serious crashes involving young male drivers: Are drink driving and speeding similar?
    Richard Tay
    AMA CTEP Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, Canada T2N 1N4
    Accid Anal Prev 37:922-9. 2005
    ..Conversely, the anti-speeding enforcement and publicity campaigns had no independent effect but their interactive effect was significant in reducing serious crashes involving young male drivers...
  35. ncbi Impaired-driving recidivism among repeat offenders following an intensive court-based intervention
    Sandra C Lapham
    Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, 612 Encino Place, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
    Accid Anal Prev 38:162-9. 2006
    ..This paper describes and evaluates an innovative court-based intervention for repeat impaired-driving offenders, the driving under the influence (DUI) Intensive Supervision Program (DISP) developed in Multnomah County, Oregon...
  36. ncbi Connecticut statewide sTEP wave evaluation
    Lori L Geary
    Preusser Research Group, Inc, 7100 Main Street, Trumbull, CT 06611, United States
    J Safety Res 36:333-40. 2005
    ..Since 1997, the Connecticut DOT's Division of Highway Safety has organized a statewide seat belt enforcement program, with sTEP waves every three or four months. To date, 28 waves have been implemented...
  37. ncbi A dangerous business
    Karen Fuller
    The Wackenhut Corp, Special Police Division, Prisoner Transport/Extradition Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
    Occup Health Saf 74:188, 190-1. 2005
  38. ncbi The negative Constitution: the duty to protect
    Lawrence O Gostin
    Research and Academic Programs, Georgetown University, USA
    Hastings Cent Rep 35:10-1. 2005
  39. ncbi Safety conscious planning in small and medium-sized MPOs and rural planning agencies: results of a domestic scan
    Susan B Herbel
    Cambridge Systematics, Inc, 343 Devon Place, Heathrow, FL 32746, USA
    J Safety Res 36:473-5. 2005
  40. ncbi Recidivism study of New Mexico's convicted DWI offenders 2000-2003
    Judith S Harmon
    Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, P.O. Box 26110, Santa Fe, NM 87502, USA
    J Safety Res 36:495-6. 2005
  41. ncbi Using GIS for law enforcement
    Randy Smith
    Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870290, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
    J Safety Res 36:477-9. 2005
  42. ncbi Do laws restricting access to firearms by domestic violence offenders prevent intimate partner homicide?
    Elizabeth Richardson Vigdor
    Terry Sanford Institute for Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
    Eval Rev 30:313-46. 2006
    ..who are subject to a restraining order or have been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or allow law enforcement officers to confiscate firearms at a domestic violence scene...
  43. ncbi Taking guns from batterers: public support and policy implications
    Susan B Sorenson
    School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    Eval Rev 30:361-73. 2006
    ..In sum, there is substantial support, especially when a gun is displayed in a domestic violence incident, for policies requiring the removal of firearms from abusers...
  44. ncbi Aggressive traffic enforcement: a simple and effective injury prevention program
    James W Davis
    University Medical Center, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, Fresno, California 93702, USA
    J Trauma 60:972-6; discussion 976-7. 2006
    ....
  45. ncbi Impact of primary safety belt laws on alcohol-related front-seat occupant fatalities: five case studies
    Robert B Voas
    Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD 20705 3111, USA
    Traffic Inj Prev 8:232-43. 2007
    ....
  46. ncbi The impact of later trading hours for hotels (public houses) on breath alcohol levels of apprehended impaired drivers
    Tanya Chikritzhs
    National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
    Addiction 102:1609-17. 2007
    ..To examine the impact of extended trading permits (ETPs) for licensed hotels in Perth, Western Australia on impaired driver breath alcohol levels (BALs) between July 1993 and June 1997...
  47. ncbi Randomized sanctions to reduce re-offense among repeat impaired-driving offenders
    Sandra C Lapham
    Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
    Addiction 102:1618-25. 2007
    ....
  48. ncbi General deterrence effects of U.S. statutory DUI fine and jail penalties: long-term follow-up in 32 states
    Alexander C Wagenaar
    University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research and Institute for Child Health Policy, 1329 SW 16th St Rm 5130, Box 100177, Gainesville, FL 32610 0177, USA
    Accid Anal Prev 39:982-94. 2007
    ..We examined effects of state statutory changes in DUI fine or jail penalties for firsttime offenders from 1976 to 2002...
  49. ncbi Do states upgrading to primary enforcement of safety belt laws experience increased daytime and nighttime belt use?
    Scott Vincent Masten
    University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, 730 Airport Road, Suite 300 Campus Box 3430, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 3430, United States
    Accid Anal Prev 39:1131-9. 2007
    ..states and the District of Columbia have enacted primary enforcement of their safety belt laws, which allows law enforcement to stop motorists and cite them solely when they observe a vehicle occupant who is not wearing a safety belt...
  50. ncbi Implementation of Washington State's zero tolerance law: patterns of arrests, dispositions, and recidivism
    Anne T McCartt
    Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
    Traffic Inj Prev 8:339-45. 2007
    ..The present study examined effects of the ZT law on arrests and case dispositions among underage offenders as a function of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and post-law patterns of recidivism...
  51. ncbi Evaluation of the Drug Evaluation and Classification program: a critical review of the evidence
    Douglas J Beirness
    Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 75 Albert Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Traffic Inj Prev 8:368-76. 2007
    ..A critical review of the existing evaluation studies on the Drug Evaluation and Classification (DEC) program was conducted to determine the validity and accuracy of the technique for identifying drivers under the influence of drugs...
  52. ncbi Is seat belt usage by front seat passengers related to seat belt usage by their drivers?
    Shashi S Nambisan
    Center for Transportation Research and Education, Professor of Civil Engineering, Iowa State University, 2711 S Loop Drive, Suite 4700, Ames, IA, 50010 8664, USA
    J Safety Res 38:545-55. 2007
    ..These findings could help develop effective education and enforcement strategies to enhance occupant safety...
  53. ncbi Horizons of context: understanding the police decision to arrest people with mental illness
    Melissa Schaefer Morabito
    Center for Mental Health Services and Criminal Justice Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
    Psychiatr Serv 58:1582-7. 2007
    ..Implications of this framework are then explored with respect to both police and mental health service mandates...
  54. ncbi The deterrent effect of increasing fixed penalties for traffic offences: the Norwegian experience
    Rune Elvik
    Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalleen 21, NO 0349 Oslo, Norway
    J Safety Res 38:689-95. 2007
    ..During the years 1995-2004, the rates for fixed penalties for traffic offences in Norway increased substantially. This paper evaluates the effects on compliance of these increases...
  55. ncbi Measuring the propensity to drink and drive
    Anthony M Bertelli
    Department of Public Administration, University of Georgia, USA
    Eval Rev 31:311-37. 2007
    ..The authors illustrate their measures in the aggregate and as they relate to law enforcement efforts in the American states.
  56. ncbi Police use of the taser with people with mental illness in crisis
    Mark R Munetz
    Summit County Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services Board, 100 West Cedar Street, Suite 300, Akron, Ohio 44307, USA
    Psychiatr Serv 57:883. 2006
  57. ncbi Court-mandated treatment for convicted drinking drivers
    Patricia L Dill
    Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
    Alcohol Res Health 29:41-8. 2006
    ..More research is needed into the changing DUI population, impaired driving and multidrug use, and new technologies for monitoring DUI offenders...
  58. ncbi Legislative advocacy is key to addressing teen driving deaths
    J S Gillan
    Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety, 750 First Street, Northeast, Suite 901, Washington, DC 20002, USA
    Inj Prev 12:i44-8. 2006
    ....
  59. ncbi Validity of the passive alcohol sensor for estimating BACs in DWI-enforcement operations
    Robert B Voas
    Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11710 Beltsville Drive, Suite 125, Calverton, Maryland 20705 3102, USA
    J Stud Alcohol 67:714-21. 2006
    ....
  60. ncbi Associations between sociodemographics and safety belt use in states with and without primary enforcement laws
    Laurie F Beck
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
    Am J Public Health 97:1619-24. 2007
    ..secondary enforcement laws (police may issue a safety belt citation only if the vehicle has been stopped for another reason)...
  61. ncbi Connecticut nighttime safety belt use
    Neil K Chaudhary
    Preusser Research Group, Inc, 7100 Main Street Trumbull, CT 06611, USA
    J Safety Res 37:353-8. 2006
    ..One possible contributing factor is that safety belt use at night, when crash rates are highest, is lower than during the day...
  62. ncbi Encouraging compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions
    Arthur H Goodwin
    Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, 730 Martin Luther King, Jr Blvd, Campus Box 3430, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 3430, USA
    J Safety Res 37:343-51. 2006
    ..Although graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs have reduced the high crash rates for 16-and 17-year-old drivers, research suggests that some teenagers fail to comply with restrictions on nighttime driving and carrying passengers...
  63. ncbi Safety belt use and the switch to primary enforcement, 1991-2003
    David J Houston
    Department of Political Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 0410, USA
    Am J Public Health 96:1949-54. 2006
    ..Our results suggest that states with secondary enforcement laws could increase belt use by 10 percentage points and improve public safety considerably by upgrading to primary enforcement...
  64. ncbi Multilevel modelling for the regional effect of enforcement on road accidents
    George Yannis
    National Technical University of Athens, School of Civil Engineering, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str, GR 15773 Athens, Greece
    Accid Anal Prev 39:818-25. 2007
    ..Additionally, it is shown that these dependences are more efficiently interpreted when regions are determined on the basis of qualitative similarities than on the basis of geographical adjacency...
  65. ncbi Evaluation of the use and benefit of passive alcohol sensors during routine traffic stops
    J C Fell
    Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA
    Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med 51:437-48. 2007
    ..In summary, the PAS is probably best used at sobriety checkpoints rather than during routine stops...
  66. ncbi Rearrest rates after incarceration for DWI: a comparative study in a southwestern US county
    Stephen J Kunitz
    Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY, USA
    Am J Public Health 92:1826-31. 2002
    ..6% vs 59.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that this county's program has significantly affected rearrest rates for Native Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites...
  67. ncbi Tracking traffic citations through court adjudications to posting to public driver records
    Anne T McCartt
    Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA
    Traffic Inj Prev 5:93-100. 2004
    ..Recordkeeping inefficiencies and errors were less important factors in this study...
  68. ncbi Raising the bar: can increased statutory penalties deter drink-drivers?
    Suzanne Briscoe
    NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney, Australia
    Accid Anal Prev 36:919-29. 2004
    ..The failure of this policy to have an impact on aggregate-level road accident rates is discussed...
  69. ncbi The life cycle of the policy for preventing road accidents: an empirical example of the policy for reducing drunk driving crashes in Taipei
    Hsin Li Chang
    Department of Transportation Technology and Management, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan, R O C
    Accid Anal Prev 36:809-18. 2004
    ..The effects of safety policy should be carefully interpreted in order to avoid misleading the relevant authorities in coming to the wrong conclusions and as such make the wrong decisions...
  70. ncbi Epidemiology and consequences of drinking and driving
    Ralph Hingson
    Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Alcohol Res Health 27:63-78. 2003
    ..Despite overall marked reductions in alcohol-related traffic deaths since the early 1980s, there has been little reduction since the mid-1990s, and alcohol-related traffic deaths have increased slightly in the past 3 years...
  71. ncbi Reliability of police-reported information for determining crash and injury severity
    Charles M Farmer
    Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA
    Traffic Inj Prev 4:38-44. 2003
    ..Safety studies depending on data from only police reports to establish injury or crash severity therefore could produce erroneous results...
  72. ncbi Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health: lessons from The Netherlands and Germany
    John Pucher
    Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Room 363, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 1900, USA
    Am J Public Health 93:1509-16. 2003
    ..We examined the public health consequences of unsafe and inconvenient walking and bicycling conditions in American cities to suggest improvements based on successful policies in The Netherlands and Germany...
  73. ncbi Land use planning and the control of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and fast food restaurants
    Marice Ashe
    Technical Assistance Legal Center, Public Health Institute, 505 14th Street, Suite 810, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
    Am J Public Health 93:1404-8. 2003
    ..More research is needed to determine whether such regulations are successful in reducing the negative effects of other retail outlets on community health...
  74. ncbi A new traffic safety vision for the United States
    Leonard Evans
    Am J Public Health 93:1384-6. 2003
  75. ncbi Traffic safety and the switch to a primary seat belt law: the California experience
    David J Houston
    Department of Political Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996 0410, USA
    Accid Anal Prev 34:743-51. 2002
    ..The results show that California experienced an improvement in traffic safety in terms of a significant reduction in injuries, but the change in enforcement provision had no statistically significant impact on fatalities...
  76. ncbi Enhancing the effectiveness of graduated driver licensing legislation
    Robert Foss
    Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, 730 Airport Road, CB 3430, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 3430, USA
    J Safety Res 34:79-84. 2003
    ..Little is currently known about the involvement of law enforcement in GDL systems, but there is potential for high visibility law enforcement activities to encourage compliance ..
  77. ncbi Emerging technological approaches for controlling the hard core DUI offender in the U.S
    Robert B Voas
    Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA
    Traffic Inj Prev 5:309-16. 2004
    ..Although those technologies offer considerable promise, they have not yet been evaluated in programs for impaired driving offenders. Eight issues related to the probability of rapid implementation of the new technologies are discussed...
  78. ncbi The case for a 0.05% criminal law blood alcohol concentration limit for driving
    E Chamberlain
    Faculty of Law, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3KZ
    Inj Prev 8:iii1-iii17. 2002
  79. ncbi Criminal undercover agents or "bad people" doing "good things"
    Menachem Amir
    Institute of Criminology, Hebrew University, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
    Subst Use Misuse 38:1425-31. 2003
    ..and intelligence have always been, and will remain, the most essential components of policing and indeed all law enforcement and security work, including the variety of drug control efforts...
  80. ncbi Drink driving enforcement and publicity campaigns: are the policy recommendations sensitive to model specification?
    Richard Tay
    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, Canada T2N 1N4
    Accid Anal Prev 37:259-66. 2005
    ..In general, the results obtained were robust and showed that the campaigns were effective in reducing serious crashes during high alcohol hours...
  81. ncbi Cochrane injuries group
    P I Chinnock
    Cochrane Injuries Group
    Inj Prev 10:333. 2004
  82. ncbi Surveillance for violent deaths--National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 States, 2007
    Debra L Karch
    Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy, N E, MS F 64, Atlanta, GA, 30341 3724, USA
    MMWR Surveill Summ 59:1-50. 2010
    ..Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics...
  83. ncbi Surveillance for violent deaths--national violent death reporting system, 16 States, 2006
    Debra L Karch
    Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
    MMWR Surveill Summ 58:1-44. 2009
    ..S. states for 2006. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Reporting..
  84. ncbi The injury pattern of a new law enforcement weapon: the police bean bag
    D de Brito
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    Ann Emerg Med 38:383-90. 2001
    This case series describes the injury pattern of the police bean bag, a new weapon adopted by US law enforcement agencies.
  85. ncbi Mass barium carbonate poisoning with fatal outcome, lessons learned: a case series
    Aniruddha Ghose
    Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, 4000, Chittagong, Bangladesh
    Cases J 2:9327. 2009
    ..Here we report an incident of food poisoning in 27 law enforcement personnel with rapidly developing sequelae and a high mortality due to ingestion of Barium carbonate ..
  86. ncbi Can child deaths be prevented? The Arizona Child Fatality Review Program experience
    Mary E Rimsza
    Student Health, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 2104, USA
    Pediatrics 110:e11. 2002
    ....
  87. ncbi Analysis of active ricin and castor bean proteins in a ricin preparation, castor bean extract, and surface swabs from a public health investigation
    David M Schieltz
    Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
    Forensic Sci Int 209:70-9. 2011
    In late February 2008, law enforcement officials in Las Vegas, Nevada, discovered in a hotel room, a copy of The Anarchist Cookbook, suspected castor beans and a "white powder" thought to be a preparation of ricin...
  88. ncbi An unusual case of drug-facilitated sexual assault using aromatic solvents
    Maria A Martinez
    Chemistry Department, National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, C Luis Cabrera 9, 28002 Madrid, Spain
    J Anal Toxicol 30:449-53. 2006
    ..The victim was a 13-year-old female. Upon contact with law enforcement, she was still confused and could hardly explain the facts...
  89. ncbi Disaster management among pediatric surgeons: preparedness, training and involvement
    Nikunj K Chokshi
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    Am J Disaster Med 3:5-14. 2008
    ..response providers include first responders, a subset of emergency professionals, including firemen, law enforcement, paramedics, who respond to the incident scene and first receivers, a set of healthcare workers who receive ..
  90. ncbi The Unidentified Decedent Reporting System: a model national website registry for the unidentified deceased
    Randy Hanzlick
    Department of Forensic Pathology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol 29:106-13. 2008
    ..quot;One-stop shopping" for such information could facilitate the location of missing persons who have died and the identification of deceased persons whose names and identities are unknown...
  91. ncbi Lead toxicosis and trace element levels in wild birds and mammals at a firearms training facility
    L A Lewis
    Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
    Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 41:208-14. 2001
    ..a yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata) and a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) found at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), Glynn County, GA, based on detection of 6.2 and 90...
  92. ncbi Ballistic impact to the forehead, zygoma, and mandible: comparison of human and frangible dummy face biomechanics
    David C Viano
    Wayne State University, Bioengineering Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
    J Trauma 56:1305-11. 2004
    Currently, there is a greater use of nonlethal force in law enforcement and military operations...
  93. ncbi Heroin-assisted treatment in Switzerland: a case study in policy change
    Ambros Uchtenhagen
    Research Institute on Public Health and Addiction at Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
    Addiction 105:29-37. 2010
    ..The high visibility of 'needle parks' and the size of the acquired immune deficiency disorder (AIDS) epidemic called for a new approach and for national leadership...
  94. ncbi What is the system of care for abused and neglected children in children's institutions?
    Irene Tien
    Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
    Pediatrics 110:1226-31. 2002
    ....
  95. ncbi Prescription drug abuse: what is being done to address this new drug epidemic? Testimony before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources
    Laxmaiah Manchikanti
    American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, Paducah, KY, USA
    Pain Physician 9:287-321. 2006
    ..prescription drug abuse and diversion include product theft, commission of other crimes to support addiction, law enforcement costs, and encouraging the practice of defensive medicine...
  96. ncbi Effect of a ban on carrying firearms on homicide rates in 2 Colombian cities
    A Villaveces
    Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, and the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
    JAMA 283:1205-9. 2000
    ..Homicide is a leading cause of death in Colombia, with much of the fatal interpersonal violence concentrated in the country's largest cities. Firearms are involved in as much as 80% of homicides in Colombia...
  97. ncbi No deaths associated with patient refusal of transport after naloxone-reversed opioid overdose
    David A Wampler
    Department of Emergency Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
    Prehosp Emerg Care 15:320-4. 2011
    ..Some EMS systems routinely administer sufficient naloxone to fully reverse the effects of opioid overdose. Frequently patients refuse further medical evaluation or intervention, including transport...
  98. ncbi Unwanted horses: The role of nonprofit equine rescue and sanctuary organizations
    K E Holcomb
    Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
    J Anim Sci 88:4142-50. 2010
    ..to care for the horses by owners were the most common reasons for relinquishment, followed by seizure through law enforcement agencies for alleged neglect or abuse. Relinquished horses consisted of mostly light horse breeds (79...
  99. ncbi Evaluation of a high visibility enforcement project focused on passenger vehicles interacting with commercial vehicles
    F Dennis Thomas
    Dunlap and Associates, Inc, Stamford, CT 06906, USA
    J Safety Res 39:459-68. 2008
    ..The program was called Ticketing Aggressive Cars and Trucks (TACT). This paper details the methods used to evaluate the program's effectiveness and the results of the evaluation...
  100. ncbi Sexual assault forensic medical examination: is evidence related to successful prosecution?
    Margaret J McGregor
    Department of Family Practice of the University of British Columbia and Physician Examiner, British Columbia Women s Sexual Assault Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    Ann Emerg Med 39:639-47. 2002
    ..sexual assault cases assessed in an emergency department setting and reported to the police, document the law enforcement and legal disposition of cases seen over the study period, and determine whether medical-legal findings are ..
  101. ncbi Impact of Federal drug law enforcement on the supply of heroin in Australia
    Michael Smithson
    School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
    Addiction 100:1110-20. 2005
    To conduct an empirical investigation of the efficacy of law enforcement in reducing heroin supply in Australia...

Research Grants79

  1. Evaluation of the potential for translation to practice of a sleep disorders mana
    CHARLES CZEISLER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..this program to practitioners, policymakers and researchers nationwide to reduce fatigue and stress in law enforcement officers, improve their workplace performance, enhance officers' health and safety and, consequently, improve ..
  2. The Logics for HIV Risk among Street-Based Heroin Injectors
    Philippe Bourgois; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..research in Philadelphia at open-air drug markets and shooting galleries, we will document patterns of: 1) law enforcement and criminal justice;2) poverty and income generating opportunities (including legal and illegal labor ..
  3. Impact of Drug Policy Reform on the HIV Risk Environment among IDUs in Tijuana
    Steffanie A Strathdee; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..over incarceration;ii) incidence and experiences with voluntary and court-mandated drug treatment;5) Law enforcement practices and interactions with IDUs: i) rates of arrest and incarceration;ii) perceived reasons vs...
  4. CONTROL OF HISTONE MRNA LEVELS
    William Marzluff; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..others, plus 1) are either homeless or at substantial risk of homelessness, or 2) have frequent contact with law enforcement, or 3) are high utilizers of emergency services, and have demonstrated prior reluctance to be successfully ..
  5. The Sexual Abuse of Vulnerable Adults in Institutions
    Pamela Teaster; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..It will lay the foundation, for APS, law enforcement, health-related regulatory agencies, and the medical community for establishing investigator protocols and ..
  6. Testing a Systems Level Intervention to Improve Police Response to Persons with M
    Amy Watson; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..One approach to focusing law enforcement response in these situations has been the implementation of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT)...
  7. Intimate Partner Violence Among Low-Income Pregnant Women: Multilevel Analysis
    Qing Li; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..of professionals from clinical services, psychology, public health, criminal justice, sociology and law enforcement agencies as community partners in the long term research agenda focused on the prevention of IPV in Birmingham...
  8. Rural Methamphetamine-Abusing Parents and Their Children
    Wendy Haight; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..S. affecting not just individuals, but whole families. Rural law enforcement officers and health, mental health, and child welfare professionals increasingly encounter children living in ..
  9. Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis C Among Injecting Drug Users in Tijuana
    Steffanie Strathdee; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..crossings, density of shooting galleries, pharmacies and drug treatment programs), and experiences with law enforcement. 3) To examine the social acceptability of interventions to reduce drug-related harm among the following ..
  10. Changes in Homicide and Drug Overdose in New York City
    Kenneth Tardiff; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..homicide ad changed drug-dealing? Has individual use of certain illicit drugs increased the risk for homicide and fatal drug overdose? We intend our findings to be helpful to public health and law enforcement practice.
  11. Development of a device for rapid detection of anthrax
    David Dean; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..g., fire fighters, law enforcement) or state and federal government personnel for rapid on-site detection of anthrax in environmental samples, ..
  12. Nanoparticles for Filtration of TICs
    SLAWOMIR WINECKI; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..The potential beneficiaries include: rescue and medical workers, building or vehicle occupants, law enforcement and military personnel, as well as the general public...
  13. Deterring Drunk Driving: Beliefs, Preferences, Outcomes, and Welfare Implications
    Frank Sloan; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..This 4-year study examines decision making of drivers as it is affected by law enforcement, and insurers, and based on our empirical findings, evaluates specific policy interventions...
  14. Rapid Assessment of Drug Law & Policy in the FSU & CEE
    Zita Lazzarini; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The specific aims of the project are: 1) to use the RPAR to document laws and law enforcement practices in the three countries; 2) to build the capacity of local lawyers, social science researchers and ..
  15. Rapid Assessment of Drug Law & Policy in the FSU & CEE
    Zita Lazzarini; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The specific aims of the project are: 1) to use the RPAR to document laws and law enforcement practices in the three countries; 2) to build the capacity of local lawyers, social science researchers and ..
  16. Deterring Drunk Driving: Beliefs, Preferences, Outcomes, and Welfare Implications
    Frank Sloan; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..This 4-year study examines decision making of drivers as it is affected by law enforcement, and insurers, and based on our empirical findings, evaluates specific policy interventions...
  17. Homicide During Robbery: A Case-Control Study
    Dana Loomis; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..A neighborhood will be defined either as a single law enforcement tract (a police "beat"), or as an aggregation of law enforcement tracts...
  18. Homicide During Robbery: A Case-Control Study
    Stephen Marshall; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..A neighborhood will be defined either as a single law enforcement tract (a police "beat"), or as an aggregation of law enforcement tracts...