antarctic regions

..of significant human and animal pathogens that are widely distributed on all continents, excluding the Antarctic regions. Some of the alphaviruses, e.g...

..The results will help doctors avoid unnecessary surgery and help scientists to understand more about how spinal stenosis disables so many older people. ..

..Subjects will repeat the test battery (MRI, EMG, and clinical evaluation) approximately 18 months later. Appropriate statistics will test each of the four hypotheses. ..

..Ultimately, we may be able to take greater therapeutic advantage of the effects of E2 on the pulmonary and also coronary and uterine circulations, thereby optimizing the vascular health of both the fetus and the mother. ..

..By investigating a novel mechanism of endogenous ER antagonism, the proposed research will increase our fundamental understanding of the processes underlying estrogen treatment failure. ..

..By investigating a novel mechanism of endogenous ER antagonism, the proposed research will increase our fundamental understanding of the processes underlying estrogen treatment failure. ..

..The proposed research program will determine how CRP and its cell surface receptors cause hypertension and insulin resistance. ..

....

..These studies will provide valuable new information about novel direct actions of HDL and SR-BI in endothelium, thereby expanding our knowledge of the role of HDL in vascular health and disease. ..

..By meeting these aims, the proposed research will provide mechanistic links between CRP and endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. ..

..These studies will increase our knowledge of the role of NO in CLD and also test three novel, mechanistically-based therapies. ..

..These studies will provide fundamental new information about the regulation of pulmonary PGI/2 synthesis in the perinatal period, and about the roles of E/2 and ERs in vascular biology. ..

..In doing so, it is anticipated that the proposed work will lead to new preventative measures and treatment modalities for atherosclerosis that complement approaches aimed at cholesterol control. ..

....

..A terrestrial influence on the arctic pack ice community was suggested by the presence of limnic phylotypes...

....

..We also found this sequence in Arctic Ocean samples, indicating a transpolar, if not global, distribution; however, slight differences between Arctic and Antarctic sequences may be evidence of polar endemism...

....

..The name Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; the type strain is ANT 69aT (=LMG 21861T=DSM 15691T). An emended description of the genus Alteromonas is given...

..The name Marinobacter maritimus sp. nov. is proposed, with CK 47(T) (=JCM 12521(T)=MTCC 6519(T)) as the type strain...

..nov. is proposed. The type strain is CK13T (=MTCC 6645T=DSM 16579T=JCM 12522T)...

..Thus, strains DD 48T and SJ 14T are identified as new species of the genus Psychrobacter for which the names Psychrobacter salsus sp. nov. and Psychrobacter adeliensis sp. nov. respectively are proposed...

....

..Our findings may indicate an emerging endosymbiotic event yielding a dinoflagellate that is presently neither purely phototrophic nor purely heterotrophic, but occupies a niche juxtaposed between these contrasting nutritional modes...

..The biotechnological potential of these biopolymers from hydrothermal vent environments as well as from Antarctic marine ecosystems remains largely untapped...

..3685, JCM 12921) was proposed...

..nov. is proposed, with isolate LMG 21857T (= CIP 108324T = ARK 150T) as the type strain. An emended description of the genus Glaciecola is presented...

..A sequence obtained only from a DGGE band was similar to those of the marine group III Euryarchaeota:..

....

..Data from such platforms will enhance greatly our understanding of the globally important Southern Ocean sea-ice ecosystem...

..nov., consisting of four strains with LMG 22018(T) (=CIP 108326(T)) as the type strain. DNA G+C contents of F. fryxellicola and F. psychrolimnae are 35.2-35.9 and 33.8-34.5 mol%, respectively...

..The rapid growth of these strains at low temperatures suggests that acetogenesis may be an important anaerobic process in the sediments of Lake Fryxell...

..We suggest that understanding how the Southern Ocean was altered during these extreme climate perturbations is critical to understanding the role of the ocean in climate change...

..Species at both poles tend to be opportunistic feeders and periods of diapause or other reductions in metabolic expenditure are not uncommon...

....

....

....

..Specifically, we provide examples of ice-dependent organisms and associated species from the Arctic and Antarctic to illustrate the impacts of the temporal and spatial changes in ice dynamics...

..Results obtained highlight the occurrence of PCB-degrading bacteria in Antarctic seawater and suggest the potential exploitation of autochthonous bacteria for PCB bioremediation in cold marine environments...

..Therefore strain IMCC3228(T) represents a novel species of the genus Sejongia, for which the name Sejongia marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC3228(T) (=KCCM 42689(T)=NBRC 103143(T))...

..nov. (type strain IC157(T)=ACAM 1062(T)=CIP 108530(T)), Gillisia sandarakina sp. nov. (type strain IC148(T)=ACAM 1060(T)=CIP 108529(T)) and Gillisia hiemivivida sp. nov. (type strain IC154(T)=ACAM 1061(T)=CIP 108528(T))...

..nov., comb. nov. A second species of this new genus, Leeuwenhoekiella aequorea sp. nov., is proposed for the six novel isolates, with strain LMG 22550(T) (=CCUG 50091(T)) as the type strain...

..sulfureus, two novel species are proposed, Arthrobacter gangotriensis sp. nov. (type strain Lz1y(T)=DSM 15796(T)=JCM 12166(T)) and Arthrobacter kerguelensis sp. nov. (type strain KGN15(T)=DSM 15797(T)=JCM 12165(T))...

..DGGE is a powerful tool for genetically fingerprinting natural virus communities and may be used to examine how specific components of virus communities respond to experimental manipulations...

..These characteristics were not specific to any one phylum, COG role category, or G+C content and imply that underlying genotypic and biochemical adaptations to the cold are inherent to life in the permanently subzero Antarctic waters...

..5 mol%). Useful phenotypical features for discrimination of F. frigidimaris from other Flavobacterium species, such as a resistance to NaCl, optimum growth temperature, and cellular fatty acid composition, were also determined...

..One of the clones F2C63 showed 100% similarity with Marinomonas ushuaiensis a bacterium identified by us from the same site...

..litoralis). Therefore, strain IMCC3101(T) represents a novel species of the genus Ulvibacter, for which the name Ulvibacter antarcticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC3101(T) (=KCCM 42686(T)=NBRC 102682(T))...

..8% renaturation to the respective strain. Based on the morphological, physiological and molecular properties of the new isolate, the name Psychrobacter nivimaris sp. nov. (type strain 88/2-7T) is proposed...

..nov., sp. nov.; strain RB-8(T) (= DSM 14852(T) = LMG 21398(T)) is the type strain...

..Strain U1T, therefore, represents a novel species, for which the name Marinomonas ushuaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. ushuaiensis is U1T (=MTCC 6143T=DSM 15871T=JCM 12170T)...

..Obtained results clearly demonstrate that combination of 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing is preferred approach to have a more reliable vision on the composition of microbial communities...

..nov. (type strain Y10-2T = ACAM 641T = DSM 14236T), Aequorivita crocea sp. nov. (type strain Y12-2T = ACAM 642T = DSM 14239T) and Aequorivita sublithincola sp. nov. (type strain 9-3T= ACAM 643T = DSM 14238T)...

..nov., sp. nov. is proposed...

..Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment...

..This is the first investigation of Antarctic biofilm structure and FISH results suggest that anthropogenic impacts may influence the complex composition of microbial communities...

..A comparison of the whole body of morphological, physiological and biochemical data was finally carried out...

..On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic results, the novel strains were classified as Algoriphagus antarcticus sp. nov. The type strain is LMG 21980(T) (=DSM 15986(T)=R-10710(T))...

....

..Based on these differences, the bacterium S1 is identified as a new species of the genus Planococcus for which the name Planococcus maitriensis is proposed. The type strain of Planococcus maitriensis is S1(T) (= MTCC 4827; DSM 15305)...

..Decisive arguments concerning the global geographic distribution of cyanobacteria should therefore incorporate data obtained with the molecular tools described here...

..Our isolates are the first prokaryotes from the water column of Lake Hoare to be characterized phylogenetically and physiologically and show that cold-active species of at least two major phyla of Bacteria inhabit Lake Hoare...

..watticus in the hymenomycetous yeasts in a cluster with Holtermannia corniformis and Cryptococcus nyarrowii. This species has been allocated to the genus Cryptococcus on the basis of physiological and morphological characteristics...

..Two of the eight new species were found in both Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions, and other new species from the Arctic are closely related to new species from the sub-Antarctic...

..is rapidly oxidized to Hg(II) compounds, known collectively as reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), in Arctic and Antarctic regions after polar sunrise...

..g. at molecular, cellular, tissue, individual, population, and ecosystem level), a plea is made for a concerted, well-funded, international effort to tackle the many remaining problems at all fronts and from all possible angles...

..and 43 historic yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) specimens from New Zealand's South Island and sub-Antarctic regions. Factorial correspondence analysis and an assignment test strongly suggest that eight of the historic ..

..This allowed us to state that "a polar metabolic type" is formed in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The most pronounced alterations are found in energy metabolism...

..davidi. Panagrolaimus offers a powerful nematode model for understanding diverse evolutionary phenomena including the evolution of asexuality and the adaptive evolution of extreme cold tolerance...

..Laminated microbial mats in Antarctic lakes have the potential to act as fine-resolution records of environmental conditions in the recent past, although interpretation is complex...

....

..This increase corresponded to a depression of the melting point to approximately -2.2 degrees C, and may therefore allow C. antarcticus to survive much of the Antarctic winter in a cryoprotectively dehydrated state...

..Consequently, management and conservation plans for Antarctic soils should consider the high sensitivity of soil fauna to physical disturbance as human presence in this ecosystem increases...

....

..These results suggest that lePrxV and lePrxVI play protective roles against oxidative stress caused by thermal exposure...

..Furthermore, growing pups did not store FAs unmodified, providing evidence that selective use does occur and also that using FA composition to elucidate dietary sources may be problematic in growing individuals...

..Thus, this newly isolated photopsychrophile has retained a higher versatility in response to environmental change than other well studied cold-adapted chlorophytes...

..Our results may also provide some leads in the development of new immunomodulating drugs...

..The isolates were most similar to cultured bacteria from Antarctic soil or sediment and were cold, salt, and alkaline pH tolerant, indicating they are adapted to in situ conditions...

..The frequency of multidrug resistance followed the same pattern. It appears that multidrug resistance is low among native Antarctic bacteria but is increased by human habitation...

..The type of transcript analysis performed in this study sets the foundation for more detailed functional and genome level analyses of the genes involved in desiccation tolerance in nematodes...

..The lack of decrease in venous capacitance during warming may suggest that a small increase in venous tone is offset by a passive temperature-mediated increase in compliance...

..coriiceps gills (7-56%). In conclusion, high CO(2) concentrations under conditions of compensated acidosis induce cost increments in epithelial processes, however, at maintained overall rates of branchial energy turnover...

..In contrast to hypersaline conditions (ice formation), the simulated release of bacteria into hyposaline seawater combined with rapid exposure to increased UV-B radiation significantly reduced metabolic activity...

..Thus, nad2 and nad5 genes may be used as potential molecular markers to study the inherit diversity among different E. superba groups, which would be helpful to the exploitation and management of E. superba resources...

..7+/-2.90%) and Streptomyces albidochromogenes DSM 41800T (33.9+/-0.10%). Therefore, the name Streptomyces hypolithicus sp. nov. is proposed, with HSM#10T (=DSM 41950T=NRRL B-24669T) as the type strain...

....

..juniperinum extracts present photoprotective properties, which can be attributed to molecules, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which act as UV-absorbing molecules and as antioxidants, as well as stimulate DNA-repair processes...

..A new study in BMC Genomics analyses gene expression in an Antarctic nematode during desiccation, and sheds new light on this phenomenon...

..This study demonstrates that the isotope ratios of Pb in marine macroalgae can provide valuable information as to the origin and extent of heavy metal flux in a marine environment...

..The above findings constitute new geographic records from off Elephant and Joinville Island and South Georgia...

....

..antarcticus will constitute the essential foundation prerequisite for investigations of the evolutionary history of one of the most speciose collembolan genera present in Antarctica and other localities of the Southern Hemisphere...

..TAE123 (67%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (65%) and Geobacillus stearothermophilus LLD-R (56%). This is the first example of a cold-active and thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase...

..The presence of butyltins in Antarctic sediments and biota has been demonstrated previously; however, the present study is the first to describe trace levels of organotins in the Southern Ocean approximately 1,000 km from Antarctica...

..In general, the overall results revealed a complex pathway of interactions between different chemicals during co-exposures and the importance of oxidative status in modulating induction and expression of CYP1A1...

..Here, we describe the potential for benthic organisms to respond to disturbance, focusing particularly on what we know now that we did not a decade ago...

..More productivity at Garwood Valley likely results from a larger influx of terrestrial surface waters together with a concomitant nutrient loading...

....

....

..The dilemmas of on-site treatment and the challenges of aeromedical evacuation from such a remote environment are presented...