toxocara canis

Summary

Summary: A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL).

Top Publications

  1. Habluetzel A, Traldi G, Ruggieri S, Attili A, Scuppa P, Marchetti R, et al. An estimation of Toxocara canis prevalence in dogs, environmental egg contamination and risk of human infection in the Marche region of Italy. Vet Parasitol. 2003;113:243-52 pubmed
    The human risk of infection with larvae of Toxocara canis was estimated in people from the Marche region of Italy...
  2. Fan C, Hung C, Du W, Liao C, Su K. Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal schoolchildren living in contaminated districts in eastern Taiwan. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9:1312-8 pubmed
    We conducted a seroepidemiological study of Toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal schoolchildren aged 7-12 years living in contaminated districts in eastern Taiwan. To detect sera IgG (> or =1:64) we used a T...
  3. Fahrion A, Staebler S, Deplazes P. Patent Toxocara canis infections in previously exposed and in helminth-free dogs after infection with low numbers of embryonated eggs. Vet Parasitol. 2008;152:108-15 pubmed publisher
    The outcome of Toxocara canis infections in the canine host depends on the migratory pathway of parasite larvae (somatic or tracheal) which is considered to be related to the host's age and its immune status...
  4. Antonios S, Eid M, Khalifa E, Othman A. Seroprevalence study of Toxocara canis in selected Egyptian patients. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2008;38:313-8 pubmed
    ..3% positivity in those with respiratory symptoms and PUO respectively. Adults positivity was 18%. So, male gender and residence in rural regions could be considered as risk factors for transmission of toxocariasis in children. ..
  5. Eberhardt O, Bialek R, Nagele T, Dichgans J. Eosinophilic meningomyelitis in toxocariasis: case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005;107:432-8 pubmed
    ..Toxocariasis has to remain among the differential diagnosis in patients with eosinophilic CNS infection even if serological tests in blood are negative. Adult cases seem to be more frequent than previously thought (about 60%)...
  6. Sommerfelt I, Santillan G, Lopez C, Ribicich M, Franco A. Immunological and hematological response in experimental Toxocara canis-infected pigs. Vet Parasitol. 2001;96:127-34 pubmed
    ..the immunological and hematological response to infection was studied in pigs inoculated experimentally with Toxocara canis. Two groups of four pigs were infected with doses of 1000 and 2000 infective eggs, respectively...
  7. Schenker R, Cody R, Strehlau G, Alexander D, Junquera P. Comparative effects of milbemycin oxime-based and febantel-pyrantel embonate-based anthelmintic tablets on Toxocara canis egg shedding in naturally infected pups. Vet Parasitol. 2006;137:369-73 pubmed
    The effect of two treatment programmes on egg shedding in dogs naturally infected with Toxocara canis, one based on a milbemycin oxime-praziquantel-lufenuron combination (SENTINEL) Spectrum; Group 1) and the other based on a febantel-..
  8. Dattoli V, Freire S, Mendonça L, Santos P, Meyer R, Alcantara Neves N. Toxocara canis infection is associated with eosinophilia and total IgE in blood donors from a large Brazilian centre. Trop Med Int Health. 2011;16:514-7 pubmed publisher
    To investigate the association between Toxocara canis infection and total IgE levels and eosinophilia in blood donors from a large Brazilian city.
  9. NOH Y, Hong S, Yun J, Park H, Oh J, Kim Y, et al. Meningitis by Toxocara canis after ingestion of raw ostrich liver. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27:1105-8 pubmed publisher
    ..Specific IgG antibody to Toxocara canis larval antigen was positive in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by ELISA...

More Information

Publications137 found, 100 shown here

  1. Pinelli E, Withagen C, Fonville M, Verlaan A, Dormans J, van Loveren H, et al. Persistent airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in Toxocara canis-infected BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005;35:826-32 pubmed
    Infection with Toxocara canis, the roundworm of dogs, has been associated with asthmatic manifestations...
  2. Fan C, Liao C, Kao T, Li M, Du W, Su K. Sero-epidemiology of Toxocara canis infection among aboriginal schoolchildren in the mountainous areas of north-eastern Taiwan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2005;99:593-600 pubmed
    A sero-epidemiological study of Toxocara canis infection was conducted among Atayal schoolchildren (aged 7-12 years) residing in the mountainous areas of north-eastern Taiwan...
  3. Cuellar C, Fenoy S, Guillen J. Cross-reactions of sera from Toxascaris leonina and Ascaris suum infected mice with Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Ascaris suum antigens. Int J Parasitol. 1995;25:731-9 pubmed
    The ELISA method using larval ES products and homogenized Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Ascaris suum adult worms extract, was used to determine the possible cross-reactions in BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice inoculated with embryonated ..
  4. Mehlhorn H, Hanser E, Harder A, Hansen O, Mencke N, Schaper R. A light and electron microscopic study on the synergistic effect of pyrantel and the febantel metabolite febendazole on adult Toxocara canis in vitro. Parasitol Res. 2003;90:305-13 pubmed
    ..present study, we investigated the in vitro effects on the motility and morphology of tissues and organs of Toxocara canis of the two drug components of Drontal Plus and Welpan, pyrantel and fenbendazole (the active metabolite of the ..
  5. Leone N, Baronio M, Todros L, David E, Brunello F, Artioli S, et al. Hepatic involvement in larva migrans of Toxocara canis: report of a case with pathological and radiological findings. Dig Liver Dis. 2006;38:511-4 pubmed
    ..This report shows that visceral larva migrans may be the cause of a chronic liver disease and should be suspected also in patients without fever and hypereosinophilia with cryptogenic cholestatic and focal liver lesions...
  6. Chieffi P, Aquino R, Pasqualotti M, Ribeiro M, Nasello A. Behavioral changes in Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected by Toxocara canis larvae. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010;52:243-6 pubmed
    b>Toxocara canis is a common canine nematode parasite and one of its possible transmission mechanisms is the predation of infected rodents by canids. Fifty Rattus norvegicus were used to study behavioral alterations in rodents infected by T...
  7. De Andrade Lima Coêlho R, De Carvalho L, Perez E, Araki K, Takeuchi T, Ito A, et al. Prevalence of toxocariasis in northeastern Brazil based on serology using recombinant Toxocara canis antigen. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;72:103-7 pubmed
    ..Brazil, 215 serum samples were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant Toxocara canis antigen. In the ELISA, 26 (12.1%) of 215 subjects were positive...
  8. Takamoto M, Wang Z, Watanabe N, Matsuzawa A, Nariuchi H, Sugane K. Eosinophilia, IgE production, and cytokine production by lung T cells in surface CD4-deficient mutant mice infected with Toxocara canis. Immunology. 1998;95:97-104 pubmed
    Mutant mice deficient in CD4+ T cells and their normal and heterozygous littermates were infected with Toxocara canis, and compared for eosinophilia, total and Toxocara-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, and in vitro cytokine ..
  9. Richartz E, Buchkremer G. [Cerebral toxocariasis: a rare cause of cognitive disorders. A contribution to differential dementia diagnosis]. Nervenarzt. 2002;73:458-62 pubmed
    ..tomography (CCT) being normal, the CSF revealed an eosinophilic reaction and a positive antibody titre against Toxocara canis. After treatment with two oral courses of albendazole, the eosinophils had disappeared, whereas the antibody ..
  10. Chira O, Badea R, Dumitrascu D, Serban A, Branda H, al Hajjar N, et al. Eosinophilic ascites in a patient with toxocara canis infection. A case report. Rom J Gastroenterol. 2005;14:397-400 pubmed
    ..The treatment with albendazole (Zentel 400 mg twice a day for 5 days) led to the disappearance of signs and symptoms. The eosinophilic infiltrate of the gut was absent in duodenal biopsies taken two months later. ..
  11. Gems D, Ferguson C, Robertson B, Nieves R, Page A, Blaxter M, et al. An abundant, trans-spliced mRNA from Toxocara canis infective larvae encodes a 26-kDa protein with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:18517-22 pubmed
    A full-length mRNA encoding a secreted 26-kDa antigen of infective larvae of the ascarid nematode parasite Toxocara canis has been identified. This was characterized as a 1,082-base pair clone highly abundant (0.8-1...
  12. Lescano S, Queiroz M, Chieffi P. Larval recovery of Toxocara canis in organs and tissues of experimentally infected Rattus norvegicus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004;99:627-8 pubmed
    The aim of this note was to record for the first time the recovery of Toxocara canis larvae from tissues and organs of Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769), Wistar strain, until the 60th day after experimental infection...
  13. Kuroda E, Yoshida Y, En Shan B, Yamashita U. Suppression of macrophage interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in mice infected with Toxocara canis. Parasite Immunol. 2001;23:305-11 pubmed
    b>Toxocara canis induces a predominantly Th2 type response with enhanced amounts of interleukin (IL)-4 and reduced amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma in infected mice. In this study, we investigated the macrophage function of T...
  14. Li M, Zhu X, Gasser R, Lin R, Sani R, Lun Z, et al. The occurrence of Toxocara malaysiensis in cats in China, confirmed by sequence-based analyses of ribosomal DNA. Parasitol Res. 2006;99:554-7 pubmed
    ..The study showed that Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina from China were genetically the same as those from other geographical ..
  15. Souza R, Dattoli V, Mendonça L, Jesus J, Baqueiro T, Santana C, et al. [Prevalence and risk factors of human infection by Toxocara canis in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44:516-9 pubmed
    ..This work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by Toxocara canis in individuals from Salvador, State of Bahia...
  16. Maizels R, Tetteh K, Loukas A. Toxocara canis: genes expressed by the arrested infective larval stage of a parasitic nematode. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30:495-508 pubmed
    b>Toxocara canis is a widely distributed nematode parasite which reaches maturity in dogs. However, eggs voided by canid animals are infective to a very wide range of paratenic hosts including humans...
  17. Wickramasinghe S, Uda K, Nagataki M, Yatawara L, Rajapakse R, Watanabe Y, et al. Toxocara canis: molecular cloning, characterization, expression and comparison of the kinetics of cDNA-derived arginine kinase. Exp Parasitol. 2007;117:124-32 pubmed
    ..We determined the cDNA sequence of Toxocara canis AK, cloned it in pMAL plasmid and expressed it in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with maltose-binding ..
  18. Amaral H, Rassier G, Pepe M, Gallina T, Villela M, Nobre M, et al. Presence of Toxocara canis eggs on the hair of dogs: a risk factor for Visceral Larva Migrans. Vet Parasitol. 2010;174:115-8 pubmed publisher
    The close contact between dogs and humans poses a high risk of exposure to Toxocara canis eggs, which can lead to Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM) syndrome...
  19. Obwaller A, Duchene M, Bruhn H, Steipe B, Tripp C, Kraft D, et al. Recombinant dissection of myosin heavy chain of Toxocara canis shows strong clustering of antigenic regions. Parasitol Res. 2001;87:383-9 pubmed
    ..In this study we cloned and sequenced a cDNA coding for myosin heavy chain from Toxocara canis, a nematode parasite of canids which may also infect humans and cause various unspecific symptoms...
  20. Chang S, Lim J, Choi D, Park C, Kwon N, Cho S, et al. Hepatic visceral larva migrans of Toxocara canis: CT and sonographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;187:W622-9 pubmed
    The aim of this study was to describe the CT and sonographic findings of hepatic visceral larva migrans of Toxocara canis. Fifty-four patients (44 men, 10 women; age range, 30-80 years; mean age, 53 years) with serologically confirmed ..
  21. González Páez G, Argüello García R, Alba Hurtado F. Toxocara canis: proteinases in perivitelline fluid from hatching eggs. Vet Parasitol. 2007;147:332-5 pubmed
    Developing larvae of Toxocara canis may secrete several kinds of enzymes within the egg perivitelline fluid (EPF) prior to and during hatching...
  22. Quet F, Preux P, Nicoletti A. Comment on "Epilepsy and seropositivity rates of Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii". Seizure. 2008;17:296 pubmed
  23. Takamatsu K, Sumitani M, Nanjyou S, Nishijima M, Syoji S, Takifuji N, et al. [Case of Toxocara canis larva migrans cured by additional treatment with albendazole]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 2008;46:836-41 pubmed
    ..However he later showed eosinophilia. We performed additional workup, and diagnosed Toxocara canis larva migrans...
  24. Akyol A, Bicerol B, Ertug S, Ertabaklar H, Kiylioglu N. Epilepsy and seropositivity rates of Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii. Seizure. 2007;16:233-7 pubmed
    Increased seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis have been observed in epileptic patients. Our aim is to determine whether there is any relationship between these agents and epilepsy in our cryptogenic epilepsy group...
  25. Romasanta A, Romero J, Arias M, Sánchez Andrade R, Lopez C, Suárez J, et al. Diagnosis of parasitic zoonoses by immunoenzymatic assays--analysis of cross-reactivity among the excretory/secretory antigens of Fasciola hepatica, Toxocara canis, and Ascaris suum. Immunol Invest. 2003;32:131-42 pubmed
    ..During the infection with Fasciola hepatica, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum, an important intraorganic phase in their hosts takes place, releasing antigens responsible ..
  26. Jin Y, Shen C, Huh S, Sohn W, Choi M, Hong S. Serodiagnosis of toxocariasis by ELISA using crude antigen of Toxocara canis larvae. Korean J Parasitol. 2013;51:433-9 pubmed publisher
    Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T...
  27. Chieffi P, Aquino R, Paschoalotti M, Ribeiro M, Nasello A. Muscular strength decrease in Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected by Toxocara canis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009;51:73-5 pubmed
    The muscular strength of experimental infected Rattus norvegicus with 3rd. stage Toxocara canis larvae was investigated. Fifty Wistar rats, divided in three groups (G1-20 rats infected by 300 eggs of T...
  28. Chiodo P, Sparo M, Pezzani B, Minvielle M, Basualdo J. In vitro and in vivo effects of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on Toxocara canis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2010;105:615-20 pubmed
    ..of the present paper was to evaluate the larvicidal effect of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 (Ef7121) on the Toxocara canis cycle both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro experiments, T...
  29. Aydenizöz Ozkayhan M, Yagci B, Erat S. The investigation of Toxocara canis eggs in coats of different dog breeds as a potential transmission route in human toxocariasis. Vet Parasitol. 2008;152:94-100 pubmed publisher
    This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs on the coats of dogs (a potential etiological factor for human toxocariasis) and to see if there were mainly a dog breed and coat type effects for the presence ..
  30. Liao C, Sukati H, D Lamini P, Chou C, Liu Y, Huang Y, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among children in Swaziland, southern Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2010;104:73-80 pubmed publisher
    As there appeared to be no data available on Toxocara canis infection in the children of Swaziland, a serological survey of T...
  31. Taira K, Saeed I, Lind P, Murrell K, Kapel C. Population dynamics of Toxocara canis in pigs receiving a single or multiple infection. Parasitology. 2003;127:593-602 pubmed
    The population dynamics of Toxocara canis in pigs, and their immune response to a primary and a challenge infection, were studied by parasitological, haematological and serological parameters...
  32. Jin Z, Akao N, Ohta N. Prolactin evokes lactational transmission of larvae in mice infected with Toxocara canis. Parasitol Int. 2008;57:495-8 pubmed publisher
    We investigated the trans-lactational maternal-neonatal transmission of Toxocara canis larvae in mice, with particular interest in the role of prolactin in their migration to the mammary gland. Two female mice were infected with 300 T...
  33. Jex A, Waeschenbach A, Littlewood D, Hu M, Gasser R. The mitochondrial genome of Toxocara canis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2:e273 pubmed publisher
    b>Toxocara canis (Ascaridida: Nematoda), which parasitizes (at the adult stage) the small intestine of canids, can be transmitted to a range of other mammals, including humans, and can cause the disease toxocariasis...
  34. Good B, Holland C, Stafford P. The influence of inoculum size and time post-infection on the number and position of Toxocara canis larvae recovered from the brains of outbred CD1 mice. J Helminthol. 2001;75:175-81 pubmed
    Outbred CD1 mice were administered doses of 1000 and 3000 Toxocara canis eggs and postmortem took place on days 7, 42 and 120 post-infection...
  35. Sviben M, Cavlek T, Missoni E, Galinović G. Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia. J Helminthol. 2009;83:369-71 pubmed publisher
    ..3-18 years, with peripheral eosinophilia and without any clinical symptoms, were tested for the presence of Toxocara canis IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot method. The overall T...
  36. Romero Núñez C, Mendoza Martínez G, Yañez Arteaga S, Ponce Macotela M, Bustamante Montes P, Ramírez Durán N. Prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxocara canis infection in children. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:572089 pubmed publisher
    The objective of this study was to determine seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with Toxocara canis infection...
  37. McTier T, Siedek E, Clemence R, Wren J, Bowman D, Hellmann K, et al. Efficacy of selamectin against experimentally induced and naturally acquired ascarid (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) infections in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2000;91:333-45 pubmed
    ..Three laboratory studies evaluated selamectin against experimentally induced infections of Toxocara canis; three laboratory studies evaluated selamectin against naturally acquired infections of T...
  38. Doedens A, Loukas A, Maizels R. A cDNA encoding Tc-MUC-5, a mucin from Toxocara canis larvae identified by expression screening. Acta Trop. 2001;79:211-7 pubmed
    b>Toxocara canis is an ascarid nematode parasite of canids. Larvae infect a wide range of accidental hosts including humans, in whom they are the aetiologic agent of visceral and ocular Larva migrans. The labile surface coat of T...
  39. Mizgajska Wiktor H, Jarosz W. [A comparison of soil contamination with Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs in rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska district in 2000-2005]. Wiad Parazytol. 2007;53:219-25 pubmed
    The aim of the studies was to compare the degree of soil contamination with Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs in rural and urban areas depending on time of sampling and type of places examined. Material and methods...
  40. Dogan N, Dinleyici E, Bor O, Toz S, Ozbel Y. Seroepidemiological survey for Toxocara canis infection in the northwestern part of Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007;31:288-91 pubmed
    In this study, an ELISA with Toxocara canis antigen was used for the determination of sero-epidemiological survey of Toxocara canis infection in urban and rural areas of northwestern part of Turkey...
  41. Garcia H, Cancrini G, Bartalesi F, Rodriguez S, Jimenez J, Roldan W, et al. Evaluation of immunodiagnostics for toxocarosis in experimental porcine cysticercosis. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:107-10 pubmed
    ..tests for cysticercosis can cross-react with the currently available immunodiagnostic tests for Toxocara canis in an established animal model for cysticercosis infection in pigs, known host for Toxocara...
  42. Fenoy S, Ollero M, Guillen J, del Aguila C. Animal models in ocular toxocariasis. J Helminthol. 2001;75:119-24 pubmed
    ..Later, granulomatous lesions are formed. These do not necessarily contain a larva and their appearance varies in different animal models. Local production of IgE and the presence of specific IgG have been described. ..
  43. Lopez M, Martin G, Chamorro M, Mario Alonso J. [Toxocariasis in children from a subtropical region]. Medicina (B Aires). 2005;65:226-30 pubmed
    ..examination, personal and epidemiological data recording, parasitological fecal examination and dosage of Toxocara canis IgG and IgM levels by EIE were performed; all positive sera were confirmed by Western Blot...
  44. Finsterer J, Auer H. Neurotoxocarosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2007;49:279-87 pubmed
    Infection of humans with embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis (larva migrans) remains asymptomatic, or results in covert or common toxocarosis, visceral larva migrans syndrome, or ophthalmologic and neurologic impairment...
  45. Nicoletti A, Sofia V, Mantella A, Vitale G, Contrafatto D, Sorbello V, et al. Epilepsy and toxocariasis: a case-control study in Italy. Epilepsia. 2008;49:594-9 pubmed
    ..To assess the relationship between epilepsy and toxocariasis in adult subjects by means of a case-control study in Catania, Italy...
  46. de Visser L, Rothova A, De Boer J, van Loon A, Kerkhoff F, Canninga Van Dijk M, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by establishing intraocular antibody production. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:369-74 pubmed
    To investigate the role of Toxocara canis in posterior uveitis of undetermined origin.
  47. Kwon N, Oh M, Lee S, Lee B, Choi D. The prevalence and diagnostic value of toxocariasis in unknown eosinophilia. Ann Hematol. 2006;85:233-8 pubmed
    ..drug histories and the presence of allergic diseases and parasitic infections, specific serum IgG antibody to Toxocara canis larval antigen was measured by ELISA. Liver and lung involvement was also evaluated...
  48. Gawor J, Borecka A, Dobosz S, Marczynska M, Zarnowska Prymek H, Trzebicka A, et al. [Toxocariasis in children--difficult clinical problem]. Przegl Epidemiol. 2008;62:407-13 pubmed
    Toxocariasis in humans is a zoonosis due to the migration of Toxocara canis or T. cati larvae in human body. This review provides basic information on pathology of infection and clinical signs and symptoms of toxocariasis in children...
  49. Zanandréa L, Oliveira G, Abreu A, Pereira F. Ocular lesions in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with low larval burden of Toxocara canis: observations using indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2008;41:570-4 pubmed
    To study the frequency of ocular lesions in 30 gerbils infected with 100 embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis, indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy was performed 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days after infection...
  50. Lee I, Kim S, Oh D, Kim H, Kim K, Jeon P, et al. MRI findings of spinal visceral larva migrans of Toxocara canis. Eur J Radiol. 2010;75:236-40 pubmed publisher
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the MRI findings of visceral larva migrans (VLS) of Toxocara canis in spinal cord.
  51. Kolbeková P, Kolarova L, Vetvicka D, Syrucek M. Imaging of Toxocara canis larvae labelled by CFSE in BALB/c mice. Parasitol Res. 2011;108:1007-14 pubmed publisher
    Mice are used most often as a model for human toxocariasis caused by Toxocara canis larvae...
  52. Abe K, Shimokawa H, Kubota T, Nawa Y, Takeshita A. Myocarditis associated with visceral larva migrans due to Toxocara canis. Intern Med. 2002;41:706-8 pubmed
    ..Since the antibody titer against Toxocara canis was high, we diagnosed that he had visceral larva migrans due to Toxocara canis associated with myocarditis ..
  53. Fan C, Lan H, Hung C, Chung W, Liao C, Du W, et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal adults in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:216-21 pubmed
    Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis infection among adults of one ethnic Han and five aboriginal populations residing in mountainous areas of Taiwan was conducted by detecting serum IgG (>/=1:64) using a T...
  54. Figueiredo S, Taddei J, Menezes J, Novo N, Silva E, Cristóvão H, et al. [Clinical-epidemiological study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population]. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81:126-32 pubmed
    ..T.canis infection must be considered in at-risk children, such as those with puppies at home, who have had contact with soil, who have hepatomegaly and/or asthma with eosinophilia and increased serum IgE. ..
  55. Kim Y, Huh S. Prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Chuncheon, Korea (2004). Korean J Parasitol. 2005;43:65-7 pubmed
    The intestines and hearts of dogs were examined for Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, and Dirofilaria immitis, after necropsy between June 26 and September 29, 2004 in Chuncheon, Korea. Of the 662 dogs examined, 6 were infected with T...
  56. Basualdo J, Sparo M, Chiodo P, Ciarmela M, Minvielle M. Oral treatment with a potential probiotic (Enterococcus faecalis CECT 7121) appears to reduce the parasite burden of mice infected with Toxocara canis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2007;101:559-62 pubmed
  57. Keegan J, Holland C. A comparison of Toxocara canis embryonation under controlled conditions in soil and hair. J Helminthol. 2013;87:78-84 pubmed publisher
    ..In light of these findings the transmission of Toxocara spp. as a result of direct contact with well-cared-for owned dogs seems unlikely, but should not be ignored...
  58. Kusama Y, Takamoto M, Kasahara T, Takatsu K, Nariuchi H, Sugane K. Mechanisms of eosinophilia in BALB/c-nu/+ and congenitally athymic BALB/c-nu/nu mice infected with Toxocara canis. Immunology. 1995;84:461-8 pubmed
    We studied the mechanism of eosinophilia in BALB/c-nu/+ (nu/+) and BALB/c-nu/nu (nu/nu) mice infected with Toxocara canis. Eosinophilia with two peaks on days 11 and 21 of infection was observed in infected nu/+ mice, and with a peak on ..
  59. Mizgajska H, Jarosz W, Rejmenciak A. [Distribution of sources of Toxocara spp. infection in urban and rural environments in Poland]. Wiad Parazytol. 2001;47:399-404 pubmed
    ..5% (0.46 eggs/100g), on playgrounds and playing fields 9,4% (0,06 eggs/100g) and on the beaches--3.4% (0.03 eggs/100g). In children habitual play areas the prevalence of T. cati eggs was higher than T. canis eggs...
  60. Choi D, Lim J, Choi D, Lee K, Paik S, Kim S, et al. Transmission of Toxocara canis via ingestion of raw cow liver: a cross-sectional study in healthy adults. Korean J Parasitol. 2012;50:23-7 pubmed publisher
    The aim of this study is to ascertain the relationship between ingestion of raw cow liver and Toxocara canis infection...
  61. Holland C, Cox D. Toxocara in the mouse: a model for parasite-altered host behaviour?. J Helminthol. 2001;75:125-35 pubmed
    ..Murine behaviours were examined in both outbred and inbred strains of mice infected with different doses of Toxocara canis ova...
  62. Bächli H, Minet J, Gratzl O. Cerebral toxocariasis: a possible cause of epileptic seizure in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2004;20:468-72 pubmed
    Toxocariasis is a worldwide human helminthiasis, which is mostly asymptomatic and caused by toxocara canis, a roundworm in dogs. These can cause visceral larva migrans syndrome in humans who ingest contaminated soil...
  63. Sasmal N, Acharya S, Laha R. Larval migration of Toxocara canis in piglets and transfer of larvae from infected porcine tissue to mice. J Helminthol. 2008;82:245-9 pubmed publisher
    Visceral larva migrans (VLM), caused by Toxocara canis larvae in humans, animals and birds, is now well documented throughout the world...
  64. Enko K, Tada T, Ohgo K, Nagase S, Nakamura K, Ohta K, et al. Fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis associated with visceral larva migrans caused by Toxocara canis infection. Circ J. 2009;73:1344-8 pubmed
    ..High-dose corticosteroids were administered. Because the patient's antibody titer against Toxocara canis was high and his symptoms had appeared after eating raw deer meat, the diagnosis was fulminant eosinophilic ..
  65. Reis M, Trinca A, Ferreira M, Monsalve Puello A, Grácio M. Toxocara canis: potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo. Exp Parasitol. 2010;126:191-7 pubmed publisher
    ..In conclusion, the hexane extract of C. ambrosioides is of further research interest, as it showed an anthelmintic activity in vitro and a reduction on the inflammatory reaction produced by the infection of T. canis larvae in vivo...
  66. Muñoz Guzmán M, del Rio Navarro B, Valdivia Anda G, Alba Hurtado F. The increase in seroprevalence to Toxocara canis in asthmatic children is related to cross-reaction with Ascaris suum antigens. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010;38:115-21 pubmed publisher
    It has been suggested that the presence of Toxocara canis larvae in lungs is an underlying factor in the onset of asthma...
  67. Vidal J, Sztajnbok J, Seguro A. Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Toxocara canis: case report and review of the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:341-3 pubmed
    ..In this report, we describe one case of meningoencephalitis due to Toxocara canis and review the literature...
  68. Osoegawa M. [Diagnosis and treatment of CNS parasite infection with special reference to parasitic myelitis]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2004;44:961-4 pubmed
    The occurrence of visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum (A. suum) and Toxocara canis (T. canis) has occasionally been reported in Japan, although parenchymatous involvement of the CNS is extremely rare in A. suum/T...
  69. Dauriac Le Masson V, Chochon F, Demeret S, Pierrot Deseilligny C. Toxocara canis meningomyelitis. J Neurol. 2005;252:1267-8 pubmed
  70. Zarkovic A, McMurray C, MacMurray C, Deva N, Ghosh S, Whitley D, et al. Seropositivity rates for Bartonella henselae, Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii in New Zealand blood donors. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007;35:131-4 pubmed
    Bartonella henselae, Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii organisms can all cause vision-threatening posterior segment disease...
  71. Yazar S, Yaman O, Cetinkaya U, Hamamci B, Sahin I. [Investigation of anti-Toxocara canis IgG antibodies in patients presenting at The Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology.]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2010;34:24-6 pubmed
    Human Toxocara canis infections are seen all over the world, especially in temperate and tropical climate regions. Dogs are known to be reservoir hosts in transmission of the disease...
  72. Loukas A, Maizels R. Cloning and characterisation of a prohibitin gene from infective larvae of the parasitic nematode Toxocara canis. DNA Seq. 1998;9:323-8 pubmed
    Infective larvae of the parasitic nematode Toxocara canis express an mRNA (Tc-pro-1) encoding a predicted protein that shares significant homology with prohibitin, a protein involved in inhibition of cell proliferation - The closest ..
  73. Malla N, Aggarwal A, Mahajan R. A serological study of human toxocariasis in north India. Natl Med J India. 2002;15:145-7 pubmed
    Human toxocariasis owing to lodgement of the larvae of Toxocara canis in different organs can result in serious clinical syndromes such as visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans...
  74. Pawłowski Z, Mizgajska H. [Toxocariasis in Poznan region, Poland, in years 1990-2000]. Przegl Epidemiol. 2002;56:559-65 pubmed
    ..Considering the risk of ocular toxocariasis in non-intensive invasions one course of treatment with albendazole is suggested in every case of infection, even asymptomatic...
  75. Sommerfelt I, Santillan G, Mira G, Ribicich M, Betti A, De Torres R. Toxocara canis infections in a pig model: immunological, haematological and blood biochemistry responses. J Helminthol. 2006;80:73-7 pubmed
    ..haematological and enzymatic responses to the inoculation in pigs of 100,000 embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis were studied. Fifteen females were inoculated and three remained as controls...
  76. Pinelli E, Brandes S, Dormans J, Fonville M, Hamilton C, der Giessen J. Toxocara canis: effect of inoculum size on pulmonary pathology and cytokine expression in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol. 2007;115:76-82 pubmed
    Infection of mice with Toxocara canis results in pulmonary inflammation and the induction of a Th2 type of immune response...
  77. Frantz F, Rosada R, Turato W, Peres C, Coelho Castelo A, Ramos S, et al. The immune response to toxocariasis does not modify susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BALB/c mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:691-8 pubmed
    ..To explore this issue, mice were infected with Toxocara canis and co-infected with M. tuberculosis. Mice infected with M...
  78. Hamilton C, Brandes S, Holland C, Pinelli E. Cytokine expression in the brains of Toxocara canis-infected mice. Parasite Immunol. 2008;30:181-5 pubmed publisher
    b>Toxocara canis can infect a number of hosts including mice and humans...
  79. Darani H, Shirzad H, Mansoori F, Zabardast N, Mahmoodzadeh M. Effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis antigens on WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma growth in a mouse model. Korean J Parasitol. 2009;47:175-7 pubmed publisher
    ..In this study, the effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis egg antigens in comparison with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) (known to have anticancer distinctive) on WEHI-..
  80. Schnieder T, Laabs E, Welz C. Larval development of Toxocara canis in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2011;175:193-206 pubmed publisher
    The parasitic roundworm Toxocara canis is present in dog populations all over the world. Due to its zoonotic potential, this roundworm is of special interest not only for veterinarians, but also for medical practitioners...
  81. Yamasaki H, Araki K, Lim P, Zasmy N, Mak J, Taib R, et al. Development of a highly specific recombinant Toxocara canis second-stage larva excretory-secretory antigen for immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:1409-13 pubmed
    The specificity of the recombinant Toxocara canis antigen developed for the immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis was compared with that of the excretory-secretory antigen from T...
  82. Radman N, Archelli S, Fonrouge R, del V Guardis M, Linzitto O. Human toxocarosis. Its seroprevalence in the city of La Plata. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2000;95:281-5 pubmed
    b>Toxocara canis is very common in dogs throughout the world. It is the primary cause of visceral larva migrans (VLM) in humans. Soil contaminated with T. canis embryonated eggs is the main source of infection of man...
  83. Ruiz De Ybáñez M, Garijo M, Goyena M, Alonso F. Improved methods for recovering eggs of Toxocara canis from soil. J Helminthol. 2000;74:349-53 pubmed
    ..G.) ranging from 1.20 to 1.35 were assayed. The association of distilled water and saccharose solution with an S.G. of 1.27 showed the best results, with a recovery rate of 99.91%...
  84. Fan C, Lin Y, Hung C, Chang S, Su K. Enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in experimental granulomatous hepatitis caused by Toxocara canis in mice. Parasite Immunol. 2004;26:273-81 pubmed
    ..593, P = 0.021) in the trial. Our present results indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of GH caused by other nematodes through manipulation of iNOS expression...
  85. Ismail M, Khalafallah O. Toxocara canis and chronic urticaria in Egyptian patients. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2005;35:833-40 pubmed
    ..The results pointed to a possible role of T. canis in-ection in chronic urticaria patients, especially those exposed to an increased risk of environmental exposure to toxocariasis...
  86. Reiterová K, Tomasovicová O, Dubinsky P. Influence of Toxocara canis infection during pregnancy on offspring resistance towards re-infection. Parasitology. 2006;132:625-33 pubmed
    The impact of Toxocara canis infection of Balb/c mice mothers on the future immune response of their offspring towards reinfection with the same parasite was studied...
  87. Finsterer J, Kallab V, Auer H. Neurotoxocariasis associated with lower motor neuron disease. Report of one case. Rev Med Chil. 2010;138:483-6 pubmed publisher
    ..Diagnostic workup revealed positive antibodies against Toxocara canis in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid...
  88. Cox D, Holland C. The relationship between numbers of larvae recovered from the brain of Toxocara canis-infected mice and social behaviour and anxiety in the host. Parasitology. 1998;116 ( Pt 6):579-94 pubmed
    The effect of the nematode Toxocara canis on social behaviour and anxiety levels of adult male outbred (LACA) mice was examined following infection with a single dose of 2000 ova...
  89. Uga S, Matsuo J, Kimura D, Rai S, Koshino Y, Igarashi K. Differentiation of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs by light and scanning electron microscopy. Vet Parasitol. 2000;92:287-94 pubmed
    In this study, we investigated the morphological identification of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations. T. canis and T...
  90. Hermanowska Szpakowicz T, Kondrusik M, Swierzbinska R, Zajkowska J, Pancewicz S. [Incidence of antibody detection against Toxocara canis and clinical symptoms in inhabitants of North-Eastern Poland]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2001;10:168-70 pubmed
    ..They were mostly males (71%) and country inhabitants (58.9%). No abnormalities in laboratory tests were found among these people. Some of them had complaints like joint pains (19.6%), temporary skin rash 2.3%)...
  91. Azuma K, Yashiro N, Kinoshita T, Yoshigi J, Ihara N. Hepatic involvement of visceral larva migrans due to Toxocara canis: a case report--CT and MR findings. Radiat Med. 2002;20:89-92 pubmed
    ..The patient was diagnosed as having visceral larva migrans due to Toxocara canis, by Toxocara immnoserological test. After antihelmintic therapy, multiple liver nodules disappeared on CT...
  92. Akao N, Ohta N. Toxocariasis in Japan. Parasitol Int. 2007;56:87-93 pubmed
    ..In this article, we will describe the critical characteristic features of toxocariasis alongside the contributions of Japanese researchers to a better understanding of the disease...