eastern equine encephalomyelitis

Summary

Summary: A form of arboviral encephalitis (primarily affecting equines) endemic to eastern regions of North America. The causative organism (ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, EASTERN EQUINE) may be transmitted to humans via the bite of AEDES mosquitoes. Clinical manifestations include the acute onset of fever, HEADACHE, altered mentation, and SEIZURES followed by coma. The condition is fatal in up to 50% of cases. Recovery may be marked by residual neurologic deficits and EPILEPSY. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp9-10)

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central Alabama
    Eddie W Cupp
    Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 5413, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 71:272-6. 2004
  2. ncbi Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision
    Nicole C Arrigo
    Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 0609, USA
    J Virol 84:1014-25. 2010
  3. ncbi Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus from crows during increased arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, 2000
    William H Beckwith
    Connecticut Department of Public Health Laboratory, Biological Sciences, Hartford 06144, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 66:422-6. 2002
  4. ncbi Diagnosis of eastern equine encephalitis by immunohistochemistry in two flocks of Michigan ring-neck pheasants
    S M Williams
    Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
    Avian Dis 44:1012-6. 2000
  5. ncbi Seroprevalence of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in birds and larval survey of Culiseta melanura Coquillett during an interepizootic period in central Ohio
    Mary C Garvin
    Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
    J Vector Ecol 29:73-8. 2004
  6. ncbi Arboviral infection in two species of wild jays (Aves: Corvidae): evidence for population impacts
    Mary C Garvin
    Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Dr, Venus, FL 33960, USA
    J Med Entomol 41:215-25. 2004
  7. ncbi Early events in the pathogenesis of eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice
    Peter Vogel
    Lexicon Genetics, Inc, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381 1160, USA
    Am J Pathol 166:159-71. 2005
  8. ncbi Susceptibility of Peruvian mosquitoes to eastern equine encephalitis virus
    M J Turell
    Virology Division, U S Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 5011, USA
    J Med Entomol 45:720-5. 2008
  9. ncbi Avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
    Hassan K Hassan
    Division of Geographic Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:641-7. 2003
  10. ncbi Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus
    L A Tengelsen
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1469-73. 2001

Research Grants

  1. Innate immune evasion and/or antagonism by eastern equine encephalitis virus
    KATHERINE RYMAN; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. Replicon-based screening for inhibitors of alphaviruses
    PAUL OLIVO; Fiscal Year: 2005
  3. Modeling and empirical studies of arboviruses in Florida
    CYNTHIA LORD; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. RNA REPAIR AND RECOMBINATION--AN ALPHAVIRUS MODEL
    RAMASAMY RAJU; Fiscal Year: 2001
  5. VENUE OF AMPLIFICATION OF EEE OUTBREAKS
    Andrew Spielman; Fiscal Year: 2004
  6. Ecology of Encephalitis Viruses in the USA
    Thomas R Unnasch; Fiscal Year: 2010
  7. Ecology of Encephalitis Viruses in the USA
    THOMAS UNNASCH; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. ECOLOGY OF ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN USA
    THOMAS UNNASCH; Fiscal Year: 2003
  9. Interaction of Sindbis Virus with Cellular Processes
    Ilya Frolov; Fiscal Year: 2007
  10. Ecology of West Nile Virus in the Southeastern US
    THOMAS UNNASCH; Fiscal Year: 2006

Detail Information

Publications133 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central Alabama
    Eddie W Cupp
    Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 5413, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 71:272-6. 2004
    Uranotaenia sapphirina, Culex erraticus, and Cx. peccator were collected in an enzootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus focus in central Alabama (Tuskegee National Forest) from 2001 to 2003 and analyzed for virus as well as ..
  2. ncbi Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision
    Nicole C Arrigo
    Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 0609, USA
    J Virol 84:1014-25. 2010
    ....
  3. ncbi Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus from crows during increased arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, 2000
    William H Beckwith
    Connecticut Department of Public Health Laboratory, Biological Sciences, Hartford 06144, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 66:422-6. 2002
    ..Taken together, these data illustrate the distribution of avian borne EEEV and WNV in 2000 and support the need for ongoing avian arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut...
  4. ncbi Diagnosis of eastern equine encephalitis by immunohistochemistry in two flocks of Michigan ring-neck pheasants
    S M Williams
    Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
    Avian Dis 44:1012-6. 2000
    ..IHC is a rapid, sensitive test for confirming and differentiating a histopathologic diagnosis of EEE in avian species and should be considered as an alternative test to VI or HI...
  5. ncbi Seroprevalence of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in birds and larval survey of Culiseta melanura Coquillett during an interepizootic period in central Ohio
    Mary C Garvin
    Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
    J Vector Ecol 29:73-8. 2004
    From June through August in 1999 and 2000, we conducted an avian serosurvey for eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus at Killbuck Marsh Wildlife Area (KMWA), a focus of infection in central Ohio...
  6. ncbi Arboviral infection in two species of wild jays (Aves: Corvidae): evidence for population impacts
    Mary C Garvin
    Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Dr, Venus, FL 33960, USA
    J Med Entomol 41:215-25. 2004
    ..Survival of adult blue jays seropositive to EEE was significantly lower than that of seronegative birds based on resight rates, but infection did not seem to affect survival of adult or juvenile Florida scrub-jays...
  7. ncbi Early events in the pathogenesis of eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice
    Peter Vogel
    Lexicon Genetics, Inc, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381 1160, USA
    Am J Pathol 166:159-71. 2005
    ....
  8. ncbi Susceptibility of Peruvian mosquitoes to eastern equine encephalitis virus
    M J Turell
    Virology Division, U S Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 5011, USA
    J Med Entomol 45:720-5. 2008
    ..This study, combined with the repeated isolation of strains of EEEV from Cx. pedroi captured in the Amazon Basin region of Peru, suggests that Cx. pedroi may be the primary enzootic vector of EEEV in this region...
  9. ncbi Avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
    Hassan K Hassan
    Division of Geographic Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:641-7. 2003
    ..To analyze this interaction in detail, blood-fed mosquitoes that were confirmed vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus were collected in 2002 from an enzootic site in central Alabama during the time this ..
  10. ncbi Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus
    L A Tengelsen
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1469-73. 2001
    ..responses of emus vaccinated with commercially available equine polyvalent or experimental monovalent eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus vaccines and to determine whether ..
  11. ncbi Transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in central Alabama
    Eddie W Cupp
    Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 5413, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 68:495-500. 2003
    A site near Tuskegee, Alabama was examined for vector activity of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in 2001...
  12. ncbi Seasonal abundance of Culex nigripalpus Theobald and Culex salinarius Coquillett in north Florida, USA
    Michael Zyzak
    Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Preventative Medicine and Biometrics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
    J Vector Ecol 27:155-62. 2002
    ..nigripalpus in a region where this species is normally not abundant. A seasonal shift in population structure may increase the transmission risk of arboviruses for which Cx. nigripalpus is a competent vector, including SLE, WN, and EEE...
  13. ncbi Abundance and temporal distribution of Ornithonyssus sylviarum Canestrini and Fanzago (Acarina: Mesostigmata) in gray catbird (Dumatella carolinensis) nests
    Mary C Garvin
    Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
    J Vector Ecol 29:62-5. 2004
    ..We therefore suggest that O. sylviarum may contribute to the transmission of EEE virus among gray catbirds at KMWA...
  14. ncbi Mosquito-borne viral infections and the traveller
    Jane Chiodini
    The Village Medical Centre, Bedfordshire
    Nurs Stand 22:50-7; quiz 58. 2008
    ..It provides advice on symptoms, diagnosis and preventive strategies to inform nursing practice during pre-travel consultations...
  15. ncbi Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus, New York
    David S Young
    New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 14:454-60. 2008
    ..This study provides molecular evidence for the introduction of southern EEEV strains to New York, followed by local amplification, perpetuation, and overwintering...
  16. ncbi Chimeric Sindbis/eastern equine encephalitis vaccine candidates are highly attenuated and immunogenic in mice
    Eryu Wang
    Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
    Vaccine 25:7573-81. 2007
    ..Upon challenge with EEEV, mice vaccinated with >10(4) PFU of the chimeric viruses were completely protected from disease. These findings support the potential use of these SIN/EEEV chimeras as safe and effective vaccines...
  17. ncbi Serologic responses to eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis vaccination in previously vaccinated horses
    Bryan M Waldridge
    Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
    Vet Ther 4:242-8. 2003
    ..Except for one horse, EEE:WEE titer ratios ranged from 0.25 to 2.0. Regular vaccination against EEE and WEE did not interfere with testing for Saint Louis encephalitis...
  18. ncbi Nested multiplex RT-PCR for detection and differentiation of West Nile virus and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in brain tissues
    Donna J Johnson
    USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010, USA
    J Vet Diagn Invest 15:488-93. 2003
    A traditional nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus was designed to multiplex with a previously described West Nile (WN) virus nested RT-PCR assay...
  19. ncbi Isolation of EEE virus from Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and Culiseta melanura in coastal South Carolina
    Diana I Ortiz
    University of Texas Medical Branch, Center for Tropical Diseases, Department of Pathology, Room 4 142, Keiller Building, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 0609, USA
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19:33-8. 2003
    ..b>Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEE) was isolated from 2 pools collected in August, 1997; one pool of Oc...
  20. ncbi Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in a horse from California
    Robert P Franklin
    Humphrey, Giacopuzzi and Associates Equine Hospital, Somis, CA, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 8:283-8. 2002
    ..which was raised in southern California, received routine vaccinations for prevention of infection by Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV). One week later, severe neurologic signs developed, and the horse was humanely destroyed...
  21. ncbi Eastern equine encephalitis in a free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
    Cynthia M Tate
    Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
    J Wildl Dis 41:241-5. 2005
    ..Most antibody-positive deer originated from the Coastal Plain physiographic region. Eastern equine encephalitis virus should be considered a possible cause of neurologic disease in white-tailed deer where it may occur...
  22. ncbi Five-year surveillance of West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis viruses in Southeastern Virginia
    Karin C Loftin
    Norfolk Public Health Laboratory, Commonwealth of Virginia, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
    J Environ Health 68:33-40. 2006
    ..In 2004, the highest IgM seroconversions to EEE occurred later in August. The overall trend of arbovirus activity was greater in 2003 than in 2004...
  23. ncbi Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 22-2008. A 52-year-old woman with fever and confusion
    Martin S Hirsch
    Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
    N Engl J Med 359:294-303. 2008
  24. ncbi Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Michael R Sardelis
    Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 5011, USA
    J Med Entomol 39:480-4. 2002
    ....
  25. ncbi Tracking eastern equine encephalitis virus perpetuation in the northeastern United States by phylogenetic analysis
    Philip M Armstrong
    The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 79:291-6. 2008
    ..These results provide additional evidence for independent episodes of EEEV overwintering in northern foci...
  26. ncbi Complete sequence of the genomic RNA of O'nyong-nyong virus and its use in the construction of alphavirus phylogenetic trees
    R S Levinson
    Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125
    Virology 175:110-23. 1990
    ....
  27. ncbi Development of human antibody fragments using antibody phage display for the detection and diagnosis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)
    Martina Inga Kirsch
    Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Spielmannstrabetae 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
    BMC Biotechnol 8:66. 2008
    ..The objective of this work was the generation of recombinant antibodies for the detection of VEEV after a potential bioterrorism assault or an natural outbreak of VEEV...
  28. ncbi Health evaluation of free-ranging and captive blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) in the Gran chaco, Bolivia
    Sharon L Deem
    Field Veterinary Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
    J Zoo Wildl Med 36:598-605. 2005
    ..3%). All three of the birds that tested antibody positive for Aspergillus spp. were captive, whereas six of the eight and 15 of the 33 birds that tested positive for psittacine herpesvirus and S. pullorum, respectively, were wild...
  29. ncbi [Epidemiology of encephalitis caused by arbovirus in the Brazilian Amazonia]
    P F Vasconcelos
    Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro Colaborador da OMS em Arboviroses, Fundação SESP, Belem, Para, Brasil
    Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 33:465-76. 1991
    ..2% died. On the other hand, SLE has caused four epizootics in a forest near Belem. Wild birds and sentinel monkeys were infected, but no human cases were reported...
  30. ncbi [Serological survey on arbovirus infection in residents of an ecological reserve]
    N S Romano-Lieber
    Departamento de Prática de Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
    Rev Saude Publica 34:236-42. 2000
    ..The goal was to verify the prevalence of arboviral infections in people living at the local ecological, and its potential association with these population' individual and familiar characteristics...
  31. ncbi Comparison of two aquatic alphaviruses, salmon pancreas disease virus and sleeping disease virus, by using genome sequence analysis, monoclonal reactivity, and cross-infection
    Jonathan Weston
    Department of Veterinary Sciences, The Queen s University of Belfast, United Kingdom
    J Virol 76:6155-63. 2002
    ....
  32. ncbi The Old World and New World alphaviruses use different virus-specific proteins for induction of transcriptional shutoff
    Natalia Garmashova
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 1019, USA
    J Virol 81:2472-84. 2007
    ....
  33. ncbi Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Amazon Basin region of Peru
    M J Turell
    Virology Division, U S Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 5011, USA
    J Med Entomol 42:891-8. 2005
    ..In total, 164 virus isolations were made and included members of the Alphavirus (eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Trocara, Una, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses), ..
  34. ncbi Detection of antibodies to alphaviruses and discrimination between antibodies to eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses in rabbit sera using a recombinant antigen and virus-specific monoclonal antibodies
    S Pässler
    Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
    J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 50:265-9. 2003
    ..Thus, this assay may prove useful in the serological screening of a variety of animal species during an outbreak investigation...
  35. ncbi Non-infectious plasmid engineered to simulate multiple viral threat agents
    Monica Carrera
    Laboratory of the Association of Biochemists and Pharmacists COFYB, Argentina, Buenos Aires CP 1184, Argentina
    J Virol Methods 159:29-33. 2009
    ....
  36. ncbi Serologic evidence of the recent circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis virus and high prevalence of equine encephalitis viruses in horses in the Nhecolândia sub-region in South Pantanal, Central-West Brazil
    Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
    Laboratorio de Enterovirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105:829-33. 2010
    ....
  37. ncbi Recombinational history and molecular evolution of western equine encephalomyelitis complex alphaviruses
    S C Weaver
    Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA
    J Virol 71:613-23. 1997
    ..WEE) virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) was shown previously to have arisen by recombination between eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)- and Sindbis-like viruses (C. S. Hahn, S. Lustig, E. G. Strauss, and J. H. Strauss, Proc. Natl...
  38. ncbi Transmission potential of two chimeric western equine encephalitis vaccine candidates in Culex tarsalis
    Joan L Kenney
    Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555 0428, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:354-9. 2010
    ..These findings suggest that both vaccine candidates are less competent than the parental strains to be transmitted by the primary mosquito vector, Cx. tarsalis, and are unlikely to be reintroduced into a natural WEEV transmission cycle...
  39. ncbi West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds
    R G McLean
    United States Geologic Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 951:54-7. 2001
    ..Inoculated crows were viremic before death, and high titers of virus were isolated from a variety of tissues. The significance of the experimental direct transmission among captive crows is unknown...
  40. ncbi Aura virus is a New World representative of Sindbis-like viruses
    T Rumenapf
    Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA
    Virology 208:621-33. 1995
    ....
  41. ncbi Health assessment of free-ranging three-banded (Tolypeutes matacus) and nine-banded (Dasypus novemcinctus) armadillos in the Gran Chaco, Bolivia
    Sharon L Deem
    Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, 10460, USA
    J Zoo Wildl Med 40:245-56. 2009
    ..Results from this study support the possibility that the handling and consumption of these species by the local Isoseño-Guarani people may have a public health impact...
  42. ncbi A rapid dot immunoassay for the detection of serum antibodies to eastern equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in sentinel chickens
    J J Oprandy
    Naval Medical Research Institute, Department of the Navy, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 38:181-6. 1988
    ..This assay was developed for the rapid detection of serum antibodies to eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus in sentinel chickens...
  43. ncbi Identification of bloodmeals in Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Anopheles punctipennis from eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in northeastern U.S.A
    G Molaei
    Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
    Med Vet Entomol 23:350-6. 2009
    ..An isolate of EEEv was recovered from the head and thorax of an An. punctipennis mosquito collected in NY...
  44. ncbi Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a nonhuman primate model to assess the virulence of eastern equine encephalitis virus strains
    A Paige Adams
    Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
    J Virol 82:9035-42. 2008
    ....
  45. ncbi Antibodies to arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses in small mammals from southern Florida
    J F Day
    Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach 32962, USA
    J Wildl Dis 32:431-6. 1996
    ..Blood samples from 512 mammals were tested for virus. Isolations of one EVE virus and two unidentified arenaviruses were made from P. gossypinus and one EVE virus isolate was made from a S. hispidus...
  46. ncbi Seco-pregnane steroids target the subgenomic RNA of alphavirus-like RNA viruses
    Yanmei Li
    State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:8083-8. 2007
    ....
  47. ncbi Effect of triethylamine on the recovery of selected South American alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses from mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) pools
    Monica L O'Guinn
    Virology Division, U S Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 5011, USA
    J Med Entomol 39:806-8. 2002
    ..on the recovery of infectious virus from pools of mosquitoes for two South American alphaviruses (eastern equine encephalomyelitis and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis subtypes IIIC and ID), one flavivirus (Ilheus) and two ..
  48. ncbi Ticks, Lyme disease spirochetes, trypanosomes, and antibody to encephalitis viruses in wild birds from coastal Georgia and South Carolina
    L A Durden
    Institute of Anthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro 30460, USA
    J Parasitol 83:1178-82. 1997
    ..burgdorferi...
  49. ncbi Capsid protein of eastern equine encephalitis virus inhibits host cell gene expression
    Patricia V Aguilar
    Department of Microbiology, Box 1124, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
    J Virol 81:3866-76. 2007
    ....
  50. ncbi A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of St. Louis encephalitis and eastern equine encephalitis viruses
    Rene Hull
    Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 62:272-9. 2008
    ..The assay is specific and detected all strains of SLEV (69) and EEEV (12) that were tested. An internal control ensures detection of efficient nucleic acid extraction and possible PCR inhibition...
  51. ncbi Evaluation of outbreaks of disease attributable to eastern equine encephalitis virus in horses
    W A Ross
    Population Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 1314, USA
    J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1988-97. 1996
    ....
  52. ncbi Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus
    Patricia V Aguilar
    Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555 0609, USA
    J Virol 79:11300-10. 2005
    ..However, further studies using a better model of human disease are needed to confirm the results of differential human IFN sensitivity obtained in our in vitro experiments...
  53. ncbi Host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in Connecticut, U.S.A.: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia
    Goudarz Molaei
    The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntingon St, P O Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
    J Med Entomol 45:1143-51. 2008
    ..Occasional feeding on avian hosts suggests that some of these mosquito species, such as Cq. perturbans, also could facilitate transmission of West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis viruses from viremic birds to mammalian hosts...
  54. ncbi Differential reactivity of immune sera from human vaccinees with field strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus
    J M Strizki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 53:564-70. 1995
    ....
  55. ncbi Cross-protective immunity between equine encephalomyelitis viruses in equids
    T E Walton
    USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, WY 82071 3965
    Am J Vet Res 50:1442-6. 1989
    Eighteen equids were inoculated with eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) and 18 equids with western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) viruses to produce EEE virus- and WEE virus-immunized equids...
  56. ncbi Experimental infection of young broiler chickens with eastern equine encephalitis virus and Highlands J virus
    J S Guy
    Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
    Avian Dis 38:572-82. 1994
    ..These findings indicate that both EEE virus and HJ virus are pathogenic for young chickens...
  57. ncbi Pathogenesis of aerosolized Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus infection in guinea pigs
    Chad J Roy
    Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
    Virol J 6:170. 2009
    ..These results indicate that guinea pigs experimentally infected by aerosolized EEEV recapitulate several key features of fatal human infection and thus should serve as a suitable animal model for aerosol exposure to EEEV...
  58. ncbi Surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses in Alberta using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with generic primers
    Kanti Pabbaraju
    Provincial Laboratory for Public Health Microbiology, Calgary site, 3030 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4W4
    J Med Entomol 46:640-8. 2009
    ....
  59. ncbi Prevalence of antibodies to West Nile virus and other arboviruses among Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway) in Florida
    Nicole M Nemeth
    Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
    J Wildl Dis 45:817-22. 2009
    ..Knowledge of arboviral infection among Florida's Crested Caracara, which is both state and federally threatened, is valuable considering increasing pressure on this population from rapid and extensive habitat alterations...
  60. ncbi Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data
    I Rochlin
    Division of Vector Control, Suffolk County Department of Public Works, 335 Yaphank Ave, Yaphank, NY 11980 9744, USA
    J Med Entomol 45:563-71. 2008
    ..Although HPD classification was readily available and had some predictive value, LUC classification resulted in higher spatial resolution and better ability to develop location specific predictive models...
  61. ncbi Eastern equine encephalitis transmission to emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Volusia County, Florida: 1992 through 1994
    J F Day
    Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach 32962, USA
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc 12:429-36. 1996
    ..Emus vaccinated against EEE virus showed evidence of short-term HI antibody acquisition. Evidence of EEE antibody transfer from naturally infected hens to their offspring is reported...
  62. ncbi Endemic eastern equine encephalitis in the Amazon region of Peru
    Patricia V Aguilar
    Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555 0609, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:293-8. 2007
    ..Our results suggest that humans are exposed but do not develop apparent infection with EEEV because of poor infectivity and/or avirulence of South American strains...
  63. ncbi Virus-dependent mortality in Rift Valley fever, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and chikungunya virus-inoculated mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
    M J Turell
    Department of Epidemiology, U S Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
    J Med Entomol 29:792-5. 1992
    ..There was also poor survival to the adult stage of Ae. taeniorhynchus inoculated with either eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) or chikungunya (CHIK) virus...
  64. ncbi Comparison of chickens and pheasants as sentinels for eastern equine encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in Florida
    C D Morris
    Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach 32962, USA
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10:545-8. 1994
    ..Although both bird species can be used to monitor EEE and SLE viruses, pheasants are more sensitive than chickens as sentinels for EEE virus and as sensitive as chickens as sentinels for SLE virus...
  65. ncbi Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for chikungunya
    Eryu Wang
    Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
    Vaccine 26:5030-9. 2008
    ..Vaccinated mice were fully protected against disease and viremia after CHIKV challenge...
  66. ncbi Experimental infection of young turkeys with eastern equine encephalitis virus and highlands J virus
    J S Guy
    Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
    Avian Dis 37:389-95. 1993
    ..The findings indicate that EEE virus and HJ virus are pathogenic for young turkeys...
  67. ncbi Direct broad-range detection of alphaviruses in mosquito extracts
    Mark W Eshoo
    Ibis Biosciences, 1891 Rutherford Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
    Virology 368:286-95. 2007
    ..The assay we have developed provides a rapid, accurate, and high-throughput assay for surveillance of alphaviruses...
  68. ncbi Development of human-murine chimeric immunoglobulin G for use in the serological detection of human flavivirus and alphavirus antibodies
    Brett A Thibodeaux
    Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic Vector Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U S DHHS, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
    Clin Vaccine Immunol 17:1617-23. 2010
    ..The IgG cMAbs secreted from plasmid-transformed Sp2/0-Ag14 cells had serological activity identical to that of the parent mMAbs, as measured by ELISA using multiple flaviviruses or alphaviruses...
  69. ncbi Eastern equine encephalitis in Quebec and Connecticut, 1972: introduction by infected mosquitoes on the wind?
    R F Sellers
    Agriculture Canada, Health of Animals Laboratory Division, Ottawa, Ontario
    Can J Vet Res 53:76-9. 1989
    ..The arrival on August 8, 1972 coincided with a cold front moving from the northwest through Connecticut. Culiseta melanura is regarded as the mosquito species most likely to have been involved in the transmission of infection...
  70. ncbi [Identification of the encephalitis equine virus, Parana, Brazil]
    Z Fernandez
    Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
    Rev Saude Publica 34:232-5. 2000
    ..To identify the etiologic agent associated with this illness, mosquitoes and serum samples were collected in the endemic area...
  71. ncbi An epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis virus, Maine, USA in 2009: outbreak description and entomological studies
    Charles Lubelczyk
    Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Vector Borne Disease Laboratory, South Portland, Maine 04106, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 88:95-102. 2013
    ..This outbreak represents a substantial expansion of the range of EEEv activity in northern New England...
  72. ncbi Molecular determinants of mouse neurovirulence and mosquito infection for Western equine encephalitis virus
    Eric C Mossel
    Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 8:e60427. 2013
    ....
  73. ncbi A chimeric Sindbis-based vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques against a lethal aerosol challenge of eastern equine encephalitis virus
    Chad J Roy
    Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, United States
    Vaccine 31:1464-70. 2013
    ..These results demonstrate that the chimeric SIN/NAEEEV vaccine candidate protects against an aerosol EEEV exposure...
  74. ncbi Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Moose (Alces americanus) in Northeastern Vermont
    John Paul Mutebi
    Division of Vector Borne Diseases DVBD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
    J Wildl Dis 48:1109-12. 2012
    ..Six (29%) were antibody positive. This is the first evidence of EEEV activity in Vermont, and the second report of EEEV antibodies in moose...
  75. ncbi Species' life-history traits explain interspecific variation in reservoir competence: a possible mechanism underlying the dilution effect
    Zheng Y X Huang
    Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
    PLoS ONE 8:e54341. 2013
    ....
  76. ncbi Host preference of the arbovirus vector Culex erraticus (Diptera: Culicidae) at Sonso Lake, Cauca Valley Department, Colombia
    I H Mendenhall
    Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, Suite 2210, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
    J Med Entomol 49:1092-102. 2012
    ..This study shows that while Cx. erraticus is an opportunistic feeder, using diverse vertebrate hosts in the environment, certain avian species are targeted preferentially for bloodmeals...
  77. ncbi Eastern equine encephalitis in Tennessee: 2002-2008
    Sudeshna Mukherjee
    Vector Borne Disease Section, Communicable and Environmental Diseases, Tennessee Department of Health, 630 Hart Lane, Nashville, TN 37216, USA
    J Med Entomol 49:731-8. 2012
    Human and equine outbreaks caused by eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) typically occur in North America adjacent to coastal wetlands associated with the presence of Culiseta melanura (Coquillet) mosquitoes...
  78. ncbi Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
    Xiaoping Kang
    Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
    Virol J 9:56. 2012
    ..The results demonstrated that the developed ELISA-array is sensitive and easy to use, which would have potential for clinical use...
  79. ncbi Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates protect mice from intranasal challenge with western equine encephalitis virus
    Svetlana Atasheva
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
    Vaccine 27:4309-19. 2009
    ..These findings support the potential use of these live-attenuated vaccine candidates as safe and effective vaccines against WEE...
  80. ncbi Duration of Alphavirus neutralizing antibody in naturally infected birds
    A J Main
    Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Lakeville Hospital, Middleboro 02346
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 38:208-17. 1988
    ..mostly passerine species, ecologically associated with Culiseta melanura, the enzootic vector of eastern equine encephalomyelitis and Highlands J viruses in the eastern United States, were examined over a 12-year period in ..
  81. ncbi Hematology, parasitology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) from South Carolina
    Debra Lee Miller
    The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
    J Wildl Dis 45:863-9. 2009
    ..Parvovirus was identified by electron microscopy from the feces of one adult. Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris spp., and Isospora spp. were observed in fecal samples. These data may aid in understanding the role of coyotes in disease ecology...
  82. ncbi Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen in equine brain tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    T W Scott
    Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
    Am J Vet Res 49:1716-8. 1988
    ..of an antigen-capture ELISA vs virus isolation in cell culture were evaluated for the detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in the brain tissue of naturally infected equids...
  83. ncbi Susceptibility of the Aotus nancymaae owl monkey to eastern equine encephalitis
    Benjamin J Espinosa
    Naval Medical Research Center Detachment Lima, Peru
    Vaccine 27:1729-34. 2009
    ..This study demonstrates that the Aotus nancymaae can be reproducibly infected with EEE virus and can serve as a suitable model for infection and immunogenicity for the evaluation of candidate vaccines against EEEV...
  84. ncbi Decreased egg production in turkeys experimentally infected with eastern equine encephalitis virus or Highlands J virus
    J S Guy
    Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
    Avian Dis 38:563-71. 1994
    ..The findings of this study confirm that EEE virus and HJ virus are potential causes of decreased egg production in turkey breeder hens...
  85. ncbi Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of immunoglobulins G and M to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in vaccinated and naturally infected humans
    R R Rosato
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, U S Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701 5011
    J Clin Microbiol 26:421-5. 1988
    ..Sera with neutralizing antibody to western or eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus did not react with VEE antigen in the IgG ELISA...
  86. ncbi Outbreaks of Eastern equine encephalitis in northeastern Brazil
    Maria L C R Silva
    Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande UFCG, Campus of Patos, 58700 000 Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
    J Vet Diagn Invest 23:570-5. 2011
    ....
  87. ncbi Eastern equine encephalitis virus infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a 5-month-old infant
    Mary Y Mancao
    Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:543-5. 2009
    ..Many viruses are known to trigger primary, as well as secondary, HLH. We report a pediatric case of eastern equine encephalitis virus-associated HLH which caused severe neurologic injury and death...
  88. ncbi A five-amino-acid deletion of the eastern equine encephalitis virus capsid protein attenuates replication in mammalian systems but not in mosquito cells
    Patricia V Aguilar
    Department of Microbiology, Box 1124, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
    J Virol 82:6972-83. 2008
    ..This region is also critical for EEEV pathogenesis...
  89. ncbi Specificity of the murine T helper cell immune response to various alphaviruses
    J H Mathews
    Division of Vector Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522
    J Gen Virol 70:2877-86. 1989
    ....
  90. ncbi Mosquito and arbovirus activity during 1997-2002 in a wetland in northeastern Mississippi
    E W Cupp
    Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849 5413, USA
    J Med Entomol 41:495-501. 2004
    ..9% of the population during the 6-yr period with 295 females collected per trap night. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus was detected in six genera of mosquitoes [Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), Culex ..
  91. ncbi Heparan sulfate binding by natural eastern equine encephalitis viruses promotes neurovirulence
    Christina L Gardner
    Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:16026-31. 2011
    ..Therefore, reinvestigation of HS binding by this and other arboviruses is warranted...
  92. ncbi Transmission potential of two chimeric Chikungunya vaccine candidates in the urban mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus
    Justin R Darwin
    Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 84:1012-5. 2011
    ..These results indicate a low potential for transmission of these vaccine strains in the event that a vaccinee became viremic...
  93. ncbi Fecundity of wild-caught gravid Culiseta morsitans (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Joanne Oliver
    New York State Department of Health, 217 S Salina Street, 3rd Floor, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
    J Med Entomol 48:196-201. 2011
    ..Wing length was used as a measure of mosquito size. The mean wing length for 154 females was 4.37 +/- 0.02 mm (range, 3.8-4.9 mm)...
  94. ncbi Eastern equine encephalitis: an emerging arboviral disease threat, Maine, 2009
    Katherine B Gibney
    Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Arboviral Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11:637-9. 2011
    ..Before 2009, limited nonhuman EEE virus activity had been reported in Maine, all from the southernmost area of the state. No human case has been reported in a Maine resident...
  95. ncbi Estimation of dispersal distances of Culex erraticus in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the southeastern United States
    Laura K Estep
    Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
    J Med Entomol 47:977-86. 2010
    ..The model that we develop for estimating the dispersal distance of Cx. erraticus from collections of adult mosquitoes could be applicable to other mosquito species that emerge from discrete larval sites...
  96. ncbi A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses
    Xiaoping Kang
    State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
    Virol J 7:284. 2010
    ..Compared with virus isolation, the gold standard, the duplex real time RT-PCR assay we developed was 10-fold more sensitive for both WEEV and EEEV detection...
  97. ncbi Experimental inoculation of three arboviruses in black-bellied whistling ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis)
    A A Aguirre
    Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
    J Wildl Dis 28:521-5. 1992
    ..They may serve as good indicators of virus activity...
  98. ncbi Developing GIS-based eastern equine encephalitis vector-host models in Tuskegee, Alabama
    Benjamin G Jacob
    School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham Alabama 35294, USA
    Int J Health Geogr 9:12. 2010
    A site near Tuskegee, Alabama was examined for vector-host activities of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV). Land cover maps of the study site were created in ArcInfo 9...
  99. ncbi Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus deposition in Culiseta melanura following ingestion of radiolabeled virus in blood meals
    S C Weaver
    University of Maryland, College Park
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 44:250-9. 1991
    We examined deposition of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) in the alimentary tract of its enzootic mosquito vector, Culiseta melanura, to detect potential sites of initial infection...
  100. ncbi Alphavirus antiviral drug development: scientific gap analysis and prospective research areas
    Erin Reichert
    Biological Therapeutics, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 6201, USA
    Biosecur Bioterror 7:413-27. 2009
    ..These efforts will increase the probability of the successful development of a pharmaceutical intervention against these viral threat agents...
  101. ncbi Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in relation to the avian community of a coastal cedar swamp
    W J Crans
    Department of Entomology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903
    J Med Entomol 31:711-28. 1994
    b>Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) is perpetuated in eastern North America in a mosquito-wild bird maintenance cycle that involves Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) as the principal enzootic vector and passerine birds as the ..

Research Grants69

  1. Innate immune evasion and/or antagonism by eastern equine encephalitis virus
    KATHERINE RYMAN; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  2. Replicon-based screening for inhibitors of alphaviruses
    PAUL OLIVO; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..These efforts will contribute to the goal of finding therapeutic modalities to control these important pathogens. ..
  3. Modeling and empirical studies of arboviruses in Florida
    CYNTHIA LORD; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  4. RNA REPAIR AND RECOMBINATION--AN ALPHAVIRUS MODEL
    RAMASAMY RAJU; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ....
  5. VENUE OF AMPLIFICATION OF EEE OUTBREAKS
    Andrew Spielman; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..The research seeks a general definition of reservoir capacity and anticipates contributing to improved suppression of EEEV outbreaks. ..
  6. Ecology of Encephalitis Viruses in the USA
    Thomas R Unnasch; Fiscal Year: 2010
    b>Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) is a serious infection of humans, and is listed as a high- consequence select agent...
  7. Ecology of Encephalitis Viruses in the USA
    THOMAS UNNASCH; Fiscal Year: 2007
    b>Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) is a serious infection of humans, and is listed as a high- consequence select agent...
  8. ECOLOGY OF ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN USA
    THOMAS UNNASCH; Fiscal Year: 2003
    Several arboviral encephalomyelitis viruses, most importantly Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis and Saint Louis Encephalomyelitis virus (EEE and SLE) cause sporadic epidemics in the human populations of the Southeastern US...
  9. Interaction of Sindbis Virus with Cellular Processes
    Ilya Frolov; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These viruses will contain irreversible changes in their genomes that will reduce pathogenicity, but retain the antigenic structure of the wild-type ancestors. ..
  10. Ecology of West Nile Virus in the Southeastern US
    THOMAS UNNASCH; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..of this proposal have collaborated closely over the past four years in a study of the ecology of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis(EEE) virus...
  11. Mechanisms of sylvatic dengue emergence
    Scott C Weaver; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  12. ECOLOGY AND GENETICS OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS
    Scott Weaver; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..This information will be invaluable in targeting prevention and control resources, especially for obtaining maximum benefit in developing countries with limited resources. ..
  13. Mechanisms of sylvatic dengue emergence
    Scott Weaver; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  14. Biodefense Training Program
    Scott Weaver; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..An external advisory committee composed of outstanding, internationally recognized biodefense scientists and experienced research mentors will periodically review and guide the program through site visits. ..