smear layer

..Amount of debris, smear layer, sealer/gutta-percha remnants, and visibility of open tubules were rated...

To investigate the effect of two different smear layer thicknesses treated with different dentin conditioners on the bond strength of glass-ionomer adhesive to dentin.

..Various methods of rotary preparation and conditioning of teeth affect surface topography and may affect the retention of dental restorations...

..The coronal two thirds of ninety extracted human third molars were removed. The smear layer of the exposed dentin surfaces were removed using 17% EDTA followed by 5...

To compare the cleaning effectiveness of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract and tea tree oil to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution as an intracanal irrigant for the removal of the smear layer.

to assess the conditioning effect (CE) of self-etch adhesives of different acidity applied to thick and thin smear layer (SL), the corresponding resin tags (RT) and hybrid layer (HL).

This study compared the efficacy of BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa, OK), 17% EDTA, and 42% citric acid in endodontic smear layer removal and degree of erosion in the apical third of endodontic canals.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess debris and smear layer remaining following canal preparation with GT rotary instruments...

..test the effect of Ketac-Endo (KE) and AH 26 on resistance to root fracture and also to evaluate the effect of smear layer. Seventy-two human maxillary canine teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 12) and were prepared ..

..The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the final rinse technique on smear layer removal ability of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

AIM: To evaluate smear layer removal by different irrigating solutions under ultrasonic agitation. METHODOLOGY: Twenty recently extracted mandibular incisors with a single root canal were divided into four equal groups...

..times of 1 minute or less with 1 mL of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) effectively removed the smear layer from root canals after rotary instrumentation...

PURPOSE: To measure the buffering capacity of self-etching adhesive systems and to evaluate the effect of smear layer thickness on the mean gap width (GW) and microtensile bond strength (microBS) to dentin of these self-etching adhesives...

..The aim of this scanning electron microscopic study was to compare the quality and amount of smear layer generated in the apical third of straight root canals by 2 rotary nickel-titanium reamers and 1 rotary steel ..

This study evaluated in vitro effectiveness of 17% EDTA with and without ultrasonics on smear layer removal...

Various organic acids, ultrasonic instruments, and lasers have been used to remove the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals...

..The smear layer thickness (SLT) was measured microscopically...

Various organic acids, ultrasonic instruments, and lasers have been used to remove the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions on smear layer removal and dentinal tubule opening on root canal surfaces after post space preparation and to study whether additional ultrasonic ..

The aim of this study was to assess, by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis, the ability of 17% EDTA and 7% maleic acid in the removal of the smear layer from the human root canal system.

..the effectiveness of Glyde File Prep used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite irrigation in the removal of smear layer produced during root canal instrumentation...

It has been shown previously that the smear layer created during instrumentation of the root canal promotes apical microleakage...

The effect of the smear layer on the penetration depth of three different root canal sealers into the dentinal tubules was examined in 64 recently extracted single-rooted teeth...

It has been recognized for many years that root canal instrumentation produces a smear layer that covers the surfaces of prepared canal walls...

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of the smear layer on apical microleakage in teeth obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Fifty single-rooted central maxillary teeth were used in this study...

To study the effect of the smear layer on the penetration of bacteria along different root canal filling materials and to examine the dentine/sealer and sealer/core material interfaces for the presence of bacteria.

To evaluate dentin wettability and bonding of self-etching and total-etch adhesives on smear layer-covered and smear layer-free dentin.

..Surface roughness and smear layer thickness varied strongly with coarseness...

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of the smear layer on apical and coronal leakage in root canals obturated with AH26 or RoekoSeal sealers...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the ability of an 8% EDTA solution to remove debris and smear produced during root canal preparation...

..To analyse quantitatively the chelating ability of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and three common EDTA-based associations with wetting agents...

..The aim of this study was to observe the colonization pattern of C. albicans on treated and untreated radicular dentin...

..The NaOCl/CHX precipitate tends to occlude the dentinal tubules. Until this precipitate is studied further, caution should be exercised when irrigating with NaOCl and CHX...

..In the present study the chelating power of EDTA, EDTAC, and 1% citric acid (CA) on radicular dentin was quantitatively analyzed...

..The canal wall of each sample was assessed and compared using a predefined scale of four parameters, namely, smear layer, pulpal debris, inorganic dentine debris, surface profile...

..To evaluate and compare ex vivo the decalcifying effect of 15% EDTA, 15% citric acid, 5% phosphoric acid and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite on root canal dentine...

The efficacy of solutions to remove the smear layer from human teeth was evaluated. One and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1 and 5% calcium hydroxide, 0...

..The droplets observed in this region support the hypothesis that there can be bidirectional water movement within the adhesive-HL complex...

..To evaluate coronal microleakage in filled root canals that received different biomechanical preparations and application of liquid adhesives over the root filling and the pulp chamber walls...

....

..3 mm thick disks were obtained at the root cervical third from 9 maxillary human molars, and a standardized smear layer was produced. Cosite images of the dentin surface were obtained after several cumulative demineralization times...

Various solutions used to irrigate root canals and remove the smear layer prior to obturation of a root canal affect surface topography and may influence the sealing ability of endodontic therapy, retention of endodontic dowels, and ..

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of smear layer removal with 3% EDTA solution (pH of 9...

To verify, under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the influence of irrigation time with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on intracanal smear layer removal.

..The presence of debris and smear layer was recorded at distances of 1, 5 and 10 mm from the working length using a three-step scoring scale and a 300 ..

..investigate the efficacy of EDTA gel preparation, associated with texapon detergent (EDTA-T), for removing the smear layer at human root surfaces...

..However, the potential consequences of compaction of hydrophobic sealers against air-dried, collapsed collagen matrices, and hydrolytic degradation of incompletely infiltrated matrices remain unresolved...

..Scanning electron microscopic evaluations showed that preparation with a laser beam is possible and results in an improvement in the cleanliness of the canal walls when compared with conventional techniques...

..To evaluate ex vivo the effects of combined and single use of EDTA, RC-Prep and NaOCl on the surface free energy of canal wall dentine using the captive bubble technique...

..In addition, chelating solutions are recommended as adjunct irrigants to prevent the formation of a smear layer and/or remove it before filling the root canal system...

..To compare in vitro the cleanliness of root canal walls following automated or manual instrumentation...

..Irrigation was significantly less effective in 24 to 28 degrees curvature canals prepared to size 27/.04 compared to 46/.04 (p < 0.007, repeated-measures ANOVA)...

..Irrigation was performed with 15 mL of 1.25% NaOCl between each instrument and the smear layer was removed during and after instrumentation with 5 mL of 17% EDTA...

..A scoring system for debris and smear layer was used. Acid solutions with 2...

..polydimethylsiloxane sealer), Endion (glass-ionomer sealer) and Topseal (epoxy resin sealer), with and without smear layer removal...

To evaluate the effectiveness of a new root canal irrigation technique with intracanal aspiration in removing the smear layer and to assess irrigant extrusion ex vivo.

To compare the removal of smear layer and the structure of the hybrid layer formed after the use of EDTA or MTAD solutions when used as a final flush.

To evaluate debris and smear layer scores after application of high-frequency electrical pulses produced by the Endox Endodontic System (Lysis Srl, Nova Milanese, Italy) on intact pulp tissue and organic and inorganic residues after ..

..Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the reduction in irrigation time did not compromise the smear layer removing capacity of these two irrigants when 1.3% NaOCl was employed as the initial rinse...

..The presence of a smear layer was analysed after instrumentation using scanning electron microscopy...

..the ability of a warm gutta-percha obturation system Thermafil to fill lateral channels in presence/absence of smear layer. Forty single-rooted extracted human teeth were randomly divided into two groups for which different irrigation ..

..To investigate the influence of the taper of root canals on the effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris...

..acid (EDTA) solution with surfactants, to 17% EDTA, with and without the use of ultrasonics, in removal of the smear layer. Seventy-five extracted teeth, randomly distributed into 5 test groups, were prepared by using ProFile rotary ..

..with sodium hypochlorite, its calcium binding capacity, and its potential in preventing the formation of a smear layer when used in conjunction with rotary root canal preparation...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), smear layer removal and quantify, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the amount of calcium ion present in the chelating solutions after their use...

..To explore the potential of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the examination of changes to dentine surfaces during demineralization and evaluate qualitatively the effect of EDTA, EDTAC and citric acid...

..middle and apical third, comparing its aspect with a predefined scale of four different parameters: presence of smear layer, pulpal debris, inorganic debris and surface profile...

..One group was rinsed with 5.25% NaOCl (smear layer intact), whereas the other group was flushed with 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl (smear layer removed)...

..specimens were divided into five groups of 10 teeth, and the groups were conditioned with one of the following smear layer removal solutions: 15% EDTA/NaOCl, 10% polyacrylic acid, 35% phosphoric acid, 6% citric acid, and 5...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of EDTA on smear layer removal and on the structure of dentin, after 1 and 10 min of application. Six extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented to #60...

..To compare the effect of three paste chelating agents on the root dentine of extracted teeth: Calcinase-Slide (lege artis, Dettenhausen, Germany), Glyde-File (DeTrey/Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), RC-Prep (Premier, Norristown, USA)...

..To compare several parameters of root canal preparation using two different rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments: FlexMaster (VDW, Munich, Germany) and HERO 642 (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France)...

..The materials used were AH-26 sealer, two one-bottle bonding agents (Single Bond, Bond-1) and one self-etching bonding agent (Clearfill SE Bond)...

..CONCLUSIONS: The apical third of the root canals was not cleaned as well as the middle and coronal thirds. Cleaning by chlorhexidine and saline was inferior compared to the cleaning by sodium hypochlorite with and without EDTA...

..After scanning electron microscopic evaluation at three different levels, debris, smear layer, and dentinal tubules were scored...

..05). The use of sodium hypochlorite alone or in combination with EDTA in final irrigation flushes may enhance a better obturation material penetration into the accessory canals...

..0. The pH of the EDTA solutions did not display any significant alterations during the demineralization process...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate canal cleanliness and smear layer removal after use of the Quantec-E irrigation system and to compare the system with traditional irrigation...

The smear layer associated with endodontic instrumentation is currently thought to be a thin layer that occludes the orifices of the dentinal tubules and covers the intertubular dentin of the prepared canal wall...

..To compare several parameters of root-canal preparation using two different rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments: Lightspeed (Lightspeed Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA) and Quantec SC (Tycom, Irvine, USA)...

..O in propylene glycol and in distilled water were introduced into root canals with and without artificial smear layer. Dye diffusion through dentinal tubules was determined spectrophotometrically...

..ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was thought to chemically soften the root canal dentine and dissolve the smear layer, as well as to increase dentine permeability...

..94 mum) irradiation on the removal of root surface smear layer of extracted human teeth and to compare its efficacy with that of citric acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic ..

..This study compared the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in straight and curved canals using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser and irrigation with 6.15% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)...

To evaluate the interaction of smear layer produced during brushing and dentifrice particles.

..The presence of an amorphous layer, which was unremoved smear layer, was noted. The group treated with 35% phosphoric acid showed a hybrid layer formation (8.15 microns)...

..This study evaluated the effects of three different endodontic sealers on the bond strength of a fiber post cemented with adhesive resin cement...

..rooted human teeth, and the specimens were treated with either 15% EDTA or 37% phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer, except in groups where the self-etching bonding agent was used...

..and the location of the dentin in a tooth, another extremely important variable is the presence or absence of a smear layer. When smear layers are created, grinding debris are forced into each tubule to form a smear plug...

..Inserting a self-threading pin can cause dentinal cracks, but it is not known whether dentin bonding agents can penetrate these cracks...

..Tooth sensitivity after crown preparation is not an uncommon complication. For dentin bonding agents to be effective in preventing postoperative sensitivity, they must remain intact throughout the fixed prosthodontic procedures...

..To examine the effects of varied dilutions of lactic acid as a root canal irrigant and compare the shear bond strength of Epiphany adhesive sealer to human dentin surface with other solutions deemed to be suitable root canal irrigants...

..Scanning electron microscopy showed the homogeneous removal of smear layer from the root canal walls...

..The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various medicaments, including Ca(OH)2/2% chlorhexidine, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and Ca(OH)2 alone, against Enterococcus faecalis and Candid albicans in vitro...

..Little is known about the effect of a eugenol-containing temporary restorative material on the resin-dentin bond strength of adhesive systems that partially dissolves and modifies the smear layer.

b>Smear layer removal with EDTA from root canal walls allows greater cleaning and disinfection of root canals...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coronal sealing ability of the new endodontic obturation system...

....

..05). The SEM analysis showed mostly dentinal tubules obliterated by smear layer in the CG; in the AG the smear layer was modified by the adhesive, and, in the LG, melted surfaces were ..

..5 specimens in each: 1) phosphoric acid etching for 30 s (maximum permeability), 2) root planning to create new smear layer, 3) exposure to different acid substances for 5 min (orange, cola drink, vinegar, white wine, lemon juice), 4) ..

..The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantify the alterations in human root dentin permeability after exposure to dietary acids and to evaluate the effect of toothbrushing after acid application...

....

..Results from this work will provide critical, new insight into failure mechanisms at the dentin/adhesive interface; failure that can ultimately lead to premature breakdown of the composite restoration. ..

..This comprehensive approach to improving the durability of resin-dentin bonds should ultimately save billions of dollars in health care and much human suffering. ..

..A key strength of this project is the associated feedback mechanism that relates the clinical problem to both clinical and laboratory data, the integration of scientific principles into clinical practice. ..

..Completion of this research will lead to Ca- PO4 cements and composites with improved adhesion to dentin and improved strength for ART and the treatment of root caries. ..

..Their successful use in adhesive resins could potentially save billions of dollars currently spent on the replacement of tooth-colored resin composites. ..

..Their successful use in adhesive resins could potentially save billions of dollars currently spent on the replacement of tooth-colored resin composites. ..

..The data gathered in these experiments will serve to support a larger R01 grant application with the long-term objectives of developing improved durable materials for adhesives and adhesive composites. ..

..This should provide important new insight into designing more durable resin-dentin bonds that can justify the placement of resin-based posterior composites. ..

..The proposed studies will also provide a valuable comparison of in vivo test results to pulp cell response in vitro. ..

..Thus, future improvements for preventing and treating post-radiation dentition breakdown depend on new knowledge of the underlying mechanism of radiation-induced damage at the tooth level. ..