genetic nondisjunction

Summary

Summary: The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.

Top Publications

  1. ncbi Sorting out chromosome errors
    Jon Cohen
    Science 296:2164-6. 2002
  2. ncbi Nondisjunction--a view from ringside
    Neil E Lamb
    Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
    N Engl J Med 351:1931-4. 2004
  3. ncbi SMC1beta-deficient female mice provide evidence that cohesins are a missing link in age-related nondisjunction
    Craig A Hodges
    Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
    Nat Genet 37:1351-5. 2005
  4. ncbi The chemotherapeutic agents nocodazole and amsacrine cause meiotic delay and non-disjunction in spermatocytes of mice
    Sabry M Attia
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
    Mutat Res 651:105-13. 2008
  5. ncbi Patterns of meiotic recombination in human fetal oocytes
    Charles Tease
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
    Am J Hum Genet 70:1469-79. 2002
  6. ncbi Non-disjunction of chromosome 18
    M Bugge
    The John F Kennedy Institute, Glostrup, Denmark
    Hum Mol Genet 7:661-9. 1998
  7. ncbi Maternal meiosis I non-disjunction of chromosome 15: dependence of the maternal age effect on level of recombination
    W P Robinson
    Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
    Hum Mol Genet 7:1011-9. 1998
  8. ncbi Cell biology: nondisjunction, aneuploidy and tetraploidy
    Beth A A Weaver
    Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0670, USA
    Nature 442:E9-10; discussion E10. 2006
  9. ncbi Maintenance of sister-chromatid cohesion at the centromere by the Drosophila MEI-S332 protein
    T T Tang
    Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA 02142, USA
    Genes Dev 12:3843-56. 1998
  10. ncbi Molecular characterization of teflon, a gene required for meiotic autosome segregation in male Drosophila melanogaster
    Gunjan H Arya
    Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27420, USA
    Genetics 174:125-34. 2006

Research Grants

  1. Identifying Mechanisms for Chromosome 21 Nondisjunction
    Tiffany Oliver; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. GENETIC CONTROL OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2009
  3. TRANSFECTING MAMMALIAN MITOCHONDRIA WITH EXOGENOUS DNA
    ERIC SCHON; Fiscal Year: 2005
  4. Mechanism of Meiotic Pairing in Drosophila
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 2005
  5. GENETIC CONTROL OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2004
  6. AGE-RELATED NON-DISJUNCTION IN OOCYTES
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2003
  7. MECHANISM OF MEIOTIC PAIRING IN DROSOPHILA MALES
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 2002
  8. Chemical Genetic Studies of Mitosis
    RANDALL KING; Fiscal Year: 2006
  9. Chemical Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Mitotic Proteolysis
    RANDALL KING; Fiscal Year: 2009
  10. Mechanism of Meiotic Pairing in Drosophila
    Bruce D McKee; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications120 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Sorting out chromosome errors
    Jon Cohen
    Science 296:2164-6. 2002
  2. ncbi Nondisjunction--a view from ringside
    Neil E Lamb
    Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
    N Engl J Med 351:1931-4. 2004
  3. ncbi SMC1beta-deficient female mice provide evidence that cohesins are a missing link in age-related nondisjunction
    Craig A Hodges
    Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
    Nat Genet 37:1351-5. 2005
    ..Additionally, our observations support the hypothesis that deficient cohesion is an underlying cause of human age-related aneuploidy...
  4. ncbi The chemotherapeutic agents nocodazole and amsacrine cause meiotic delay and non-disjunction in spermatocytes of mice
    Sabry M Attia
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
    Mutat Res 651:105-13. 2008
    ..These results provide a basis for genetic counselling of patients under AMSA or NOC chemotherapy. During a period of 3-4 months after the end of chemotherapy, they may stand a higher risk of siring chromosomally abnormal offspring...
  5. ncbi Patterns of meiotic recombination in human fetal oocytes
    Charles Tease
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
    Am J Hum Genet 70:1469-79. 2002
    ..We speculate that these abnormal fetal oocytes may be the source of the nonrecombinant chromosomes 13 and X suggested, by genetic studies, to be associated with maternally derived chromosome nondisjunction...
  6. ncbi Non-disjunction of chromosome 18
    M Bugge
    The John F Kennedy Institute, Glostrup, Denmark
    Hum Mol Genet 7:661-9. 1998
    ..We extend this study to examine the remaining autosomes and find no evidence for normal disjunction from nullichiasmate tetrads generally...
  7. ncbi Maternal meiosis I non-disjunction of chromosome 15: dependence of the maternal age effect on level of recombination
    W P Robinson
    Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
    Hum Mol Genet 7:1011-9. 1998
    ..However, they may also reflect the presence of multiple factors which act to ensure normal segregation, each affected by maternal age in a different way and varying in importance for each chromosome...
  8. ncbi Cell biology: nondisjunction, aneuploidy and tetraploidy
    Beth A A Weaver
    Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0670, USA
    Nature 442:E9-10; discussion E10. 2006
    ..We suggest that chromatin trapped in the cytokinetic cleavage furrow is the more likely reason for furrow regression and tetraploidization...
  9. ncbi Maintenance of sister-chromatid cohesion at the centromere by the Drosophila MEI-S332 protein
    T T Tang
    Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA 02142, USA
    Genes Dev 12:3843-56. 1998
    ....
  10. ncbi Molecular characterization of teflon, a gene required for meiotic autosome segregation in male Drosophila melanogaster
    Gunjan H Arya
    Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27420, USA
    Genetics 174:125-34. 2006
    ..On the basis of these findings, we propose a role for Tef as a bridging molecule that holds autosome bivalents together via heterochromatic connections...
  11. ncbi Identification of novel Drosophila meiotic genes recovered in a P-element screen
    J J Sekelsky
    Department of Genetics, Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    Genetics 152:529-42. 1999
    ..Although most of these are alleles of previously undescribed genes, five were in the known genes alphaTubulin67C, CycE, push, and Trl. The five mutations in known genes produce novel phenotypes for those genes...
  12. ncbi Effect of meiotic recombination on the production of aneuploid gametes in humans
    N E Lamb
    Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    Cytogenet Genome Res 111:250-5. 2005
    ..Future studies are expected to shed new light on the timing and placement of recombination, providing additional clues to the link between altered recombination and chromosome nondisjunction...
  13. ncbi Identification of two proteins required for conjunction and regular segregation of achiasmate homologs in Drosophila male meiosis
    Sharon E Thomas
    Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
    Cell 123:555-68. 2005
    ..SNM and MNM do not colocalize with SMC1, suggesting that the homolog conjunction mechanism is independent of cohesin...
  14. ncbi Chromosome nondisjunction yields tetraploid rather than aneuploid cells in human cell lines
    Qinghua Shi
    Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nature 437:1038-42. 2005
    ..The coupling of spontaneous segregation errors to furrow regression provides a potential explanation for the prevalence of hyperdiploid chromosome number and centrosome amplification observed in many cancers...
  15. ncbi To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy
    T Hassold
    Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 10, 900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
    Nat Rev Genet 2:280-91. 2001
    ..However, recent molecular and cytogenetic approaches are now beginning to shed light on the non-disjunctional processes that lead to aneuploidy...
  16. ncbi Isolation and cytogenetic characterization of male meiotic mutants of Drosophila melanogaster
    Kazuyuki Hirai
    Drosophila Genetic Resource Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 616 8354, Japan
    Genetics 166:1795-806. 2004
    ..mei(2)yh92 predominantly induced nondisjunction at meiosis I that appeared to be the consequence of failure of the separation of paired homologous chromosomes...
  17. ncbi Methods for analyzing the spatial distribution of chiasmata during meiosis based on recombination data
    Kai Yu
    Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
    Biometrics 58:369-77. 2002
    ..We apply our improved methods to reanalyze a dataset from the literature studying the association between crossover location and meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21...
  18. ncbi A deficiency screen of the major autosomes identifies a gene (matrimony) that is haplo-insufficient for achiasmate segregation in Drosophila oocytes
    David Harris
    Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
    Genetics 165:637-52. 2003
    ....
  19. ncbi A model system for increased meiotic nondisjunction in older oocytes
    Charlotte A Jeffreys
    Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6044 Gilman, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
    Curr Biol 13:498-503. 2003
    ....
  20. ncbi Spontaneous X chromosome MI and MII nondisjunction events in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes have different recombinational histories
    K E Koehler
    Department of Genetics, University of California at Davis 95616, USA
    Nat Genet 14:406-14. 1996
    ..MII nondisjunction occurred only in oocytes with proximal exchanges. We propose several models to explain how very proximal exchanges might impair proper segregation...
  21. ncbi The genetic analysis of distributive segregation in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Further genetic analysis of the nod locus
    P Zhang
    Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
    Genetics 125:115-27. 1990
    ..Thus, either the nod locus defines a function that is specific to distributive segregation or exchange can fully compensate for the absence of the nod+ function...
  22. ncbi The genetic analysis of distributive segregation in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Isolation and characterization of Aberrant X segregation (Axs), a mutation defective in chromosome partner choice
    A E Zitron
    Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10464
    Genetics 122:801-21. 1989
    ..In addition to its dramatic effects on the X chromosome, Axs exerts a similar effect on the segregation of a major autosome. We conclude that Axs defines a locus required for proper homolog disjunction within the distributive system...
  23. ncbi There are two mechanisms of achiasmate segregation in Drosophila females, one of which requires heterochromatic homology
    R S Hawley
    Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis
    Dev Genet 13:440-67. 1992
    ..elegans males. We also suggest that the physical basis of this process may reflect known properties of the Drosophila meiotic spindle...
  24. ncbi Genetic analysis of microtubule motor proteins in Drosophila: a mutation at the ncd locus is a dominant enhancer of nod
    B A Knowles
    Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:7165-9. 1991
    ..The probability that the distributive system will fail is enhanced in females simultaneously haploinsufficient at the nod and ncd loci...
  25. ncbi The genetic analysis of achiasmate segregation in Drosophila melanogaster. III. The wild-type product of the Axs gene is required for the meiotic segregation of achiasmate homologs
    W L Whyte
    Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
    Genetics 134:825-35. 1993
    ..In the absence of Axs+ function, the homologs are often unable to separate from each other and behave as a single segregational unit that is free to segregate from heterologous chromosomes...
  26. ncbi Drosophila BubR1 is essential for meiotic sister-chromatid cohesion and maintenance of synaptonemal complex
    Nicolas Malmanche
    Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150 180, Porto, Portugal
    Curr Biol 17:1489-97. 2007
    ..Our results demonstrate that BubR1 is essential to maintain sister-chromatid cohesion during meiotic progression in both sexes and for normal maintenance of SC in females...
  27. ncbi Centric heterochromatin and the efficiency of achiasmate disjunction in Drosophila female meiosis
    G H Karpen
    Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Science 273:118-22. 1996
    ..How heterochromatin could act to promote chromosome pairing is discussed here...
  28. ncbi Requiem for distributive segregation: achiasmate segregation in Drosophila females
    R S Hawley
    Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis 95616
    Trends Genet 9:310-7. 1993
    ..The other system facilitates the segregation of heterologous chromosomes, by an as yet undiscovered mechanism...
  29. ncbi Chiasma function
    A T Carpenter
    Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, England
    Cell 77:957-62. 1994
  30. ncbi Maternal sex chromosome non-disjunction: evidence for X chromosome-specific risk factors
    N S Thomas
    Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP2 8BJ, UK
    Hum Mol Genet 10:243-50. 2001
    ..Thus, surprisingly, the risk factors associated with both MI and MII non-disjunction appear to be different for virtually every chromosome that has been adequately studied...
  31. ncbi Association between maternal age and meiotic recombination for trisomy 21
    Neil E Lamb
    Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 76:91-9. 2005
    ..It is this risk, due to recombination-independent factors, that would be most influenced by increasing age, leading to the observed maternal age effect...
  32. ncbi Two new X-autosome Robertsonian translocations in the mouse. I. Meiotic chromosome segregation in male hemizygotes and female heterozygotes
    C Tease
    MRC Radiobiology Unit, Didcot, Oxon, U K
    Genet Res 58:115-21. 1991
    ....
  33. ncbi Molecular analysis of nondisjunction in mice heterozygous for a Robertsonian translocation
    Lara A Underkoffler
    Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    Genetics 161:1219-24. 2002
    ..These results show that molecular genotyping provides a valuable tool for understanding factors influencing meiotic nondisjunction in mammals...
  34. ncbi Enhancement of the ncdD microtubule motor mutant by mutants of alpha Tub67C
    D J Komma
    Department of Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
    J Cell Sci 110:229-37. 1997
    ..These results imply that a specific alpha-tubulin isoform is required for normal cellular function of a kinesin motor protein...
  35. ncbi A genome-wide screen identifies genes required for centromeric cohesion
    Adele L Marston
    Center for Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E17 233, 40 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
    Science 303:1367-70. 2004
    ..The screen described here provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes required for the meiotic cell cycle and identifies three factors important for the stepwise loss of sister chromatid cohesion...
  36. ncbi Multi-locus (ML)-FISH is a reliable tool for nondisjunction studies in human oocytes
    H Eckel
    Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology, Magdeburg, Germany
    Cytogenet Genome Res 103:47-53. 2003
    ....
  37. ncbi Chromosome segregation defects contribute to aneuploidy in normal neural progenitor cells
    Amy H Yang
    Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
    J Neurosci 23:10454-62. 2003
    ..These data independently confirm the presence of aneuploid NPCs and demonstrate the occurrence of mitotic segregation defects in normal cells that can mechanistically account for aneuploidy in the CNS...
  38. ncbi The mouse A/HeJ Y chromosome: another good Y gone bad
    Patricia A Hunt
    School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 4660, USA
    Chromosome Res 16:623-36. 2008
    ..We conclude that these centromeric features make the human and mouse Y chromosomes extremely sensitive to minor structural alterations, and that our studies provide yet another example of a good Y chromosome gone 'bad.'..
  39. ncbi Condensin II resolves chromosomal associations to enable anaphase I segregation in Drosophila male meiosis
    Tom A Hartl
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
    PLoS Genet 4:e1000228. 2008
    ..Furthermore, persistence of homologous and heterologous interchromosomal associations lead to anaphase I chromatin bridging and the generation of aneuploid gametes...
  40. ncbi MLH1 mutations differentially affect meiotic functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Eva R Hoffmann
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3Q, United Kingdom
    Genetics 163:515-26. 2003
    ..The results reveal clear separation of different Mlh1p functions in mitosis and meiosis, and they suggest that some, but not all, MLH1 mutations may be a source of human infertility...
  41. ncbi Obligate short-arm exchange in de novo Robertsonian translocation formation influences placement of crossovers in chromosome 21 nondisjunction
    Sue Ann Berend
    Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 72:488-95. 2003
    ..Additionally, we have demonstrated that events that occur in meiosis I can influence events, such as chromatid segregation in meiosis II, many decades later...
  42. ncbi Meiotic cohesion requires accumulation of ORD on chromosomes before condensation
    Eric M Balicky
    Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 3576, USA
    Mol Biol Cell 13:3890-900. 2002
    ....
  43. ncbi 2-methoxyestradiol induces spindle aberrations, chromosome congression failure, and nondisjunction in mouse oocytes
    Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter
    University of Bielefeld, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Gene Technology Microbiology, D 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
    Biol Reprod 76:784-93. 2007
    ..Therefore, exposure to 2-ME and conditions that increase the intrinsic local concentration of 2-ME in the ovary may affect fertility and increase risks for chromosomal aberrations in the oocyte and embryo...
  44. ncbi Comprehensive measurement of chromosomal instability in cancer cells: combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay
    Jordi Camps
    Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
    FASEB J 19:828-30. 2005
    ....
  45. ncbi Previous aneuploidic offspring in a young woman does not increase the risk for somatic random aneuploidy in subsequent pregnancies
    Tal Biron-Shental
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tel Aviv University and Bar Ilan University, Israel
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:1003-7. 2006
    ..05). CONCLUSION: The known tendency for repeated nondisjunction shown in women with previous aneuploid babies could not be demonstrated in their offsprings...
  46. ncbi Enhanced polarizing microscopy as a new tool in aneuploidy research in oocytes
    Ying Shen
    Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women s Hospital, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
    Mutat Res 651:131-40. 2008
    ..Due to the non-invasive nature of the technique it may be employed in routine analysis of human oocytes to assess risks by lifestyle factors, and occupational and adverse environmental exposures...
  47. ncbi The origin of trisomy 22: evidence for acrocentric chromosome-specific patterns of nondisjunction
    Heather E Hall
    Center for Reproductive Biology and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 4660, USA
    Am J Med Genet A 143:2249-55. 2007
    ..Taken together with data available for other trisomies, our results suggest patterns of nondisjunction that are shared among the acrocentric, but not all nonacrocentric, chromosomes...
  48. ncbi Nondisjunction and transmission ratio distortion ofChromosome 2 in a (2.8) Robertsonian translocation mouse strain
    Reiner Schulz
    Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King s College London, UK
    Mamm Genome 17:239-47. 2006
    ..Transmission ratio distortion is frequently observed in Robertsonian chromosomes and a bias against the transmission of the (2.8) Chromosome was detected. Interestingly, this was observed for female and male transmitting parents...
  49. ncbi Aneugenic potential of the nitrogen mustard analogues melphalan, chlorambucil and p-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenylacetic acid in cell cultures in vitro
    M Efthimiou
    Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras 265 00, Greece
    Mutat Res 617:125-37. 2007
    ..Further studies are warranted to clarify the above two hypotheses...
  50. ncbi Acrocentric cryptic translocation associated with nondisjunction of chromosome 21
    Sandra Ramos
    Laboratorio de Citogenetica, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico, Mexico
    Am J Med Genet A 146:97-102. 2008
    ....
  51. ncbi Characterization of rec15, an early meiotic recombination gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    Eveline Doll
    Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland
    Curr Genet 48:323-33. 2005
    ..The early onset of meiotic events is a novel observation for an early recombination mutant and implies a function of rec15 protein already at or before DNA synthesis...
  52. ncbi A molecular model for sporadic human aneuploidy
    William D Warren
    Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
    Trends Genet 22:218-24. 2006
    ..Consequently, the age-related risk of gametic aneuploidy in many individuals is likely to differ significantly from the population average, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with altered risk should be identifiable...
  53. ncbi Mechanisms of nondisjunction in human spermatogenesis
    R H Martin
    Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Cytogenet Genome Res 111:245-9. 2005
    ..These men have an increased risk of aneuploidy in sperm that have been surgically removed from the testes. Thus, evidence is starting to accumulate that reduced recombination has a marked effect on the generation of aneuploid sperm...
  54. ncbi Meiotic exchange and segregation in female mice heterozygous for paracentric inversions
    Kara E Koehler
    Department of Genetics and the Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 4955, USA
    Genetics 166:1199-214. 2004
    ..2%) than in controls (0%), although the frequency was still too low to justify the use of inversion heterozygotes as a model of human nondisjunction...
  55. ncbi Female germ cell aneuploidy and embryo death in mice lacking the meiosis-specific protein SCP3
    Li Yuan
    Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
    Science 296:1115-8. 2002
    ..SCP3 is thus linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and provides a model system for studying age-dependent degeneration in oocytes...
  56. ncbi Recombination and disjunction in female germ cells of Drosophila depend on the germline activity of the gene sex-lethal
    D Bopp
    Zoological Institute of the University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
    Development 126:5785-94. 1999
    ....
  57. ncbi Mutations in the alpha-tubulin 67C gene specifically impair achiasmate segregation in Drosophila melanogaster
    H J Matthies
    Department of Genetics, Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
    J Cell Biol 147:1137-44. 1999
    ..These results suggest that the accurate segregation of achiasmate chromosomes requires the proper balancing of forces acting on the chromosomes during prometaphase...
  58. ncbi Meiotic origin of trisomy in neoplasms: evidence in a case of erythroleukaemia
    A Minelli
    Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, , Pavia, Italy
    Leukemia 15:971-5. 2001
    ..This demonstrates that a tissue-confined constitutional mosaicism for a trisomy may indeed represent the first event in multistep carcinogenesis...
  59. ncbi Nondisjunction rates of mouse specific chromosomes involved in heterozygous Rb rearrangements measured by chromosome painting of spermatocytes II. I. The effects of the number of trivalents
    M Scascitelli
    Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
    Cytogenet Genome Res 105:57-64. 2004
    ..The existence of such epistatic interactions was not verified...
  60. ncbi Influence of donor age on vinblastine-induced chromosome malsegregation in cultured peripheral lymphocytes
    Paola Leopardi
    Laboratory of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore Sanit, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
    Mutagenesis 17:83-8. 2002
    ..Other factors have to be considered to account for the large interindividual variation in sensitivity to VBL challenge observed in this work...
  61. ncbi New yeast genes important for chromosome integrity and segregation identified by dosage effects on genome stability
    I I Ouspenski
    Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Nucleic Acids Res 27:3001-8. 1999
    ..This work shows that analysis of dosage effects is complementary to mutational analysis of chromosome transmission fidelity, as it allows the identification of chromosome stability genes that have not been detected in mutational screens...
  62. ncbi Spontaneous and spindle poison-induced micronuclei and chromosome non-disjunction in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes from two age groups of women
    K Bakou
    Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
    Mutagenesis 17:233-9. 2002
    ..Comparison of the estimated frequencies of micronucleation and non-disjunction for all human chromosomes showed that non-disjunction is the main type of chromosome malsegregation...
  63. ncbi Characterization of rec7, an early meiotic recombination gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    M Molnar
    Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzer Str 4, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
    Genetics 157:519-32. 2001
    ..The observed phenotypes of the disruption and the appearance of Rec7-GFP in mating haploid cells and after meiosis I are consistent with Rec7p functions before, during, and after meiotic prophase...
  64. ncbi subito encodes a kinesin-like protein required for meiotic spindle pole formation in Drosophila melanogaster
    Kelly L Giunta
    Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
    Genetics 160:1489-501. 2002
    ..sub is also required for the early embryonic divisions but is otherwise dispensable for most mitotic divisions...
  65. ncbi Mutations at the asp locus of Drosophila lead to multiple free centrosomes in syncytial embryos, but restrict centrosome duplication in larval neuroblasts
    C Gonzalez
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Scotland
    J Cell Sci 96:605-16. 1990
    ..Immunostaining reveals that many cells contain a single centrosome connected to the metaphase chromosomes by microtubules in a hemi-spindle-like structure...
  66. ncbi AT-rich palindromes mediate the constitutional t(11;22) translocation
    L Edelmann
    Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 68:1-13. 2001
    ....
  67. ncbi DBF8, an essential gene required for efficient chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    F Houman
    Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
    Mol Cell Biol 14:6350-60. 1994
    ..Taken together, our data suggest that Dbf8p plays an essential role in chromosome segregation...
  68. ncbi Recurrent triploidy of maternal origin
    E Pergament
    Reproductive Genetics and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
    Prenat Diagn 20:561-3. 2000
    ..An error in maternal meiosis II is proposed as the most likely cause...
  69. ncbi Horka, a dominant mutation of Drosophila, induces nondisjunction and, through paternal effect, chromosome loss and genetic mosaics
    J Szabad
    Department of Biology, Albert Szent Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
    Genetics 139:1585-99. 1995
    ..Horka is a convenient tool for the generation of gynandromorphs, autosome mosaics and for the study of gene expression in mosaics...
  70. ncbi Nondisjunction in human sperm: comparison of frequencies in acrocentric chromosomes
    R H Martin
    Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Cytogenet Cell Genet 86:43-5. 1999
    ..chromosomes 13 and 15; 0.15%) (P < 0.001, Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) test) and other autosomes (chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, and 20; 0. 13%) studied in the same men (P < 0.001, Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) test)...
  71. ncbi [New developments in cytogenetics]
    Catherine Turleau
    , , 149, , 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
    Med Sci (Paris) 21:940-6. 2005
    ..In addition it contributes to define the role of maternal age and genetic recombination on the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis. These new data greatly contribute to our understanding of human chromosomal diseases...
  72. ncbi Maternal age and risk for trisomy 21 assessed by the origin of chromosome nondisjunction: a report from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects
    Emily Graves Allen
    Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, 2165 North Decatur Rd, Decatur, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
    Hum Genet 125:41-52. 2009
    ..6). Lastly, we found no effect of grand-maternal age on the risk for maternal nondisjunction. This study emphasizes the complex association between advanced maternal age and nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during oogenesis...
  73. ncbi Role of the mod(mdg4) common region in homolog segregation in Drosophila male meiosis
    Morvarid Soltani-Bejnood
    Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 0840, USA
    Genetics 176:161-80. 2007
    ....
  74. ncbi A study of meiotic pairing, nondisjunction and germ cell death in laboratory mice carrying Robertsonian translocations
    C A Everett
    Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK
    Genet Res 67:239-47. 1996
    ....
  75. ncbi Pseudo-exclusion from paternity due to maternal uniparental disomy 16
    G Bein
    Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
    Int J Legal Med 111:328-30. 1998
    ..This case emphasizes that the opinion of non-paternity should be based on the absence of paternal alleles at genetic systems located on at least two different chromosomes...
  76. ncbi Gonosomal mosaicism from deleted Y chromosomal nondisjunction
    Ying-Xia Cui
    Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
    J Androl 28:377-80. 2007
  77. ncbi An analysis of univalent segregation in meiotic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana: a possible role for synaptonemal complex
    Mónica Pradillo
    Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
    Genetics 175:505-11. 2007
    ..These findings suggest that in Arabidopsis there is a system, depending on the SC formation, that would facilitate regular disjunction of homologous univalents to opposite poles at anaphase I...
  78. ncbi Somatic instability of a Drosophila chromosome
    D R Wines
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104
    Genetics 131:683-91. 1992
    ..This unique chromosome may provide a tool for the genetic and molecular dissection of a higher eukaryotic centromere...
  79. ncbi The Drosophila UBC9 homologue lesswright mediates the disjunction of homologues in meiosis I
    S Apionishev
    Department of Biological Sciences, St John s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
    Genes Cells 6:215-24. 2001
    ..In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms, the UBC9 (ubiquitin-conjugating 9) protein modifies the function of many different target proteins through covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SMT-3/SUMO...
  80. ncbi Detection of parental origin and cell stage errors of a double nondisjunction in a fetus by QF-PCR
    Ali Irfan Guzel
    Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
    Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 13:73-7. 2009
    ..To investigate parental origins and cell stage errors of a double nondisjunction in a fetus...
  81. ncbi Double fertilization in maize: the two male gametes from a pollen grain have the ability to fuse with egg cells
    Jean-Emmanuel Faure
    , Laboratory of Plant Reproduction and Development (UMR 5667 CNRS-INRA-ENS Lyon-UCB Lyon I, Lyon, France
    Plant J 33:1051-62. 2003
    ..We conclude that both male gametes have the capacity to fuse with the egg cell in maize, although sexual reproduction results in a preferential transmission of supernumerary B chromosomes...
  82. ncbi Multipoint genetic mapping with trisomy data
    J Li
    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 69:1255-65. 2001
    ..We illustrate the proposed approaches through their application to a set of trisomy 21 data...
  83. ncbi Sperm aneuploidy in infertile men
    A E Calogero
    Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
    Reprod Biomed Online 6:310-7. 2003
    ..Thus, sperm aneuploidy evaluation is recommended in infertile patients with abnormal semen parameters, particularly if they undergo IVF programmes...
  84. ncbi A probability model for the meiosis I non-disjunction fraction in numerical chromosomal anomalies
    Glaura C Franco
    Departamento de Estatistica, ICEx, UFMG, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, MG 31 270 901, Brazil
    Stat Med 22:2015-24. 2003
    ....
  85. ncbi Epigenetic detection of human chromosome 14 uniparental disomy
    S K Murphy
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
    Hum Mutat 22:92-7. 2003
    ....
  86. ncbi Recombination across the centromere of disjoined and non-disjoined chromosome 21
    Anne-Marie Laurent
    , 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
    Hum Mol Genet 12:2229-39. 2003
    ..This confirms that, for this group of errors, the lack of recombination is the primary susceptibility factor, not abnormal recombination in the centromeric region...
  87. ncbi Chromosome 21 non-disjunction and Down syndrome birth in an Indian cohort: analysis of incidence and aetiology from family linkage data
    Sujoy Ghosh
    Human Genetics Research Unit, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, West Bengal University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
    Genet Res (Camb) 92:189-97. 2010
    ..The present study is the first population-based report on any DS cohort from the Indian subcontinent and our work will help future workers in understanding better the aetiology of this birth defect...
  88. ncbi Analysis of a malsegregating mouse Y chromosome: evidence that the earliest cleavage divisions of the mammalian embryo are non-disjunction-prone
    C J Bean
    Department of Genetics and the Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
    Hum Mol Genet 10:963-72. 2001
    ....
  89. ncbi Spindle checkpoint component Mad2 contributes to biorientation of homologous chromosomes
    Marion A Shonn
    Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA
    Curr Biol 13:1979-84. 2003
    ....
  90. ncbi Study of the occurrence of interchromosomal effect in spermatozoa of chromosomal rearrangement carriers by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and primed in-situ labelling techniques
    F Pellestor
    CNRS UPR 1142, F 34396 Montpellier and Cytogenetics Laboratory, C H U Arnaud de Villeneuve, F 34033 Montpellier, France
    Hum Reprod 16:1155-64. 2001
    ....
  91. ncbi Sterility of Drosophila with mutations in the Bloom syndrome gene--complementation by Ku70
    K Kusano
    Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
    Science 291:2600-2. 2001
    ..The mutant Dmblm phenotypes were partially rescued by an extra copy of the DNA repair gene Ku70, indicating that the two genes functionally interact in vivo...
  92. ncbi Meiotic behaviour of the sex chromosomes in three patients with sex chromosome anomalies (47,XXY, mosaic 46,XY/47,XXY and 47,XYY) assessed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization
    J Blanco
    Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
    Hum Reprod 16:887-92. 2001
    ..This suggests that the cytogenetic criteria used to define non-mosaic patients may be inadequate; thus, the risk of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in apparently non-mosaics may be lower than expected...
  93. ncbi When 2+2=5: the origins and fates of aneuploid and tetraploid cells
    Randall W King
    Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1786:4-14. 2008
    ..It is therefore important to understand the different pathways that can give rise to aneuploid cells, and how the varied origins of these cells affect their subsequent ability to survive or proliferate...
  94. ncbi xnd-1 regulates the global recombination landscape in Caenorhabditis elegans
    Cynthia R Wagner
    Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
    Nature 467:839-43. 2010
    ....
  95. ncbi Patchy fur (Paf), a semidominant X-linked gene associated with a high level of X-Y nondisjunction in male mice
    P W Lane
    Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
    J Hered 81:43-50. 1990
    ..The effect occurs only in male carriers and thus must extend into the proximal end of the XY pairing region...
  96. ncbi Mechanical basis of meiotic metaphase arrest
    K S McKim
    Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis 95616
    Nature 362:364-6. 1993
    ..We conclude that metaphase arrest results from the balancing of kinetochore forces due to chiasmata...
  97. ncbi Parental origin, nondisjunction, and recombination of the extra chromosome 21 in Down syndrome: a study in a sample of the Colombian population
    Nelson Javier Ramírez
    Grupo de Neurociencias, Instituto de Genetica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D C, Colombia
    Biomedica 27:141-8. 2007
    ..Maternal origin of trisomy occurs in approximately 90% of cases; paternal and mitotic origin share the remaining 10%. However, the recombination events that serve as a risk factors for trisomy 21 have not been carefully characterized...
  98. ncbi The Drosophila mei-S332 gene promotes sister-chromatid cohesion in meiosis following kinetochore differentiation
    A W Kerrebrock
    Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
    Genetics 130:827-41. 1992
    ..All of the alleles are fully viable when in trans to a deficiency, thus mei-S332 is not essential for mitosis. Four of the alleles show an unexpected sex specificity...
  99. ncbi Genotoxicity of Achillea millefolium essential oil in diploid cells of Aspergillus nidulans
    Juliane Rocha de Sant'anna
    Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genetica, Avenida Colombo 5790, Maringá PR Brazil 87020 900
    Phytother Res 23:231-5. 2009
    ..19 microL/mL and 0.25 microL/mL concentrations. The genotoxicity of the oil was associated with the induction of mitotic non-disjunction or crossing-over by oil...
  100. ncbi The contradictory information on the distribution of non-disjunction and pre-division in female gametes
    B Rosenbusch
    Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
    Hum Reprod 21:2739-42. 2006
    ..An increased awareness of these problems appears necessary because important decisions are made on the basis of PGD results...
  101. ncbi Short stature, type E brachydactyly, exostoses, gynecomastia, and cryptorchidism in a patient with 47,XYY/45,X/46,XY mosaicism
    Alexandra Monastirli
    Department of Dermatology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
    Am J Med Sci 329:208-10. 2005
    ....

Research Grants77

  1. Identifying Mechanisms for Chromosome 21 Nondisjunction
    Tiffany Oliver; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..We will use a modified tetrad analysis to infer the exchange pattern from the observed recombination data. ..
  2. GENETIC CONTROL OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..The combined data from these studies will allow us to understand the control of recombination In mammals and how the events of prophase influence meiotic chromosome segregation. ..
  3. TRANSFECTING MAMMALIAN MITOCHONDRIA WITH EXOGENOUS DNA
    ERIC SCHON; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ....
  4. Mechanism of Meiotic Pairing in Drosophila
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Taken together, these experiments are expected to advance our understanding of chromosome pairing in Drosophila and to provide models for pairing mechanisms that can be tested in mammals. ..
  5. GENETIC CONTROL OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..These studies will provide valuable insight to the control of the normal female meiotic process and will allow us to test hypotheses about the mechanism of meiotic errors in the human female. ..
  6. AGE-RELATED NON-DISJUNCTION IN OOCYTES
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..abstract_text> ..
  7. MECHANISM OF MEIOTIC PAIRING IN DROSOPHILA MALES
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..We will also search for sites outside the promoter region of the 240bp spacer repeats that are essential for pairing function of the repeats. ..
  8. Chemical Genetic Studies of Mitosis
    RANDALL KING; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Understanding how exit from mitosis and adaptation is regulated will provide important insights for understanding how cancer cells respond to taxol treatment. ..
  9. Chemical Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Mitotic Proteolysis
    RANDALL KING; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Together these studies will provide new chemical tools for studying the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and will help us understand how a critical substrate of this pathway, cyclin B1, is regulated during the cell cycle. ..
  10. Mechanism of Meiotic Pairing in Drosophila
    Bruce D McKee; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..mechanism by which SNM and MNM connect homologous chromatids? 4) What mechanisms are used by SUN and SOLO to connect sister chromatids? 5) How do SUN, SOLO, SNM and MNM interact to establish and maintain sister chromatid cohesion? ..
  11. Meiotic Studies of Chemicals With Estrogenic Activity
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  12. Chemical Genetic Studies of Mitosis
    RANDALL KING; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Understanding how exit from mitosis and adaptation is regulated will provide important insights for understanding how cancer cells respond to taxol treatment. ..
  13. Meiotic Studies of Chemicals With Estrogenic Activity
    Patricia A Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  14. Meiotic Studies of Chemicals With Estrogenic Activity
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  15. STATISTICAL METHODS TO MAP GENES FOR COMPLEX TRAITS
    Hongyu Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  16. Phenotype consequence of high repeat FMR1 alleles
    Stephanie Sherman; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..abstract_text> ..
  17. MECHANISM OF MEIOTIC PAIRING IN DROSOPHILA MALES
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ....
  18. STATISTICAL METHODS FOR NONDISJUNCTION DATA
    Hongyu Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ..The ultimate goals are to understand recombination and its alterations during nondisjunction, and to provide the knowledge needed to monitor and prevent chromosome abnormalities. ..
  19. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA REARRANGEMENT IN NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
    ERIC SCHON; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Finally, we will search for potential factors associated with the control of mtDNA copy number. ..
  20. Chemical Genetic and Biochmechical Studies of Mitotic Proteolysis
    RANDALL KING; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  21. STIMULATION OF CHROMOSOME PAIRING AND EXCHANGE BY RDNA
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 1992
    ..In addition, non-allelic homologous recombination between dispersed repeated genes is a likely cause of chromosome rearrangements responsible for birth defects and cancer...
  22. STATISTICAL METHODS TO MAP GENES FOR COMPLEX TRAITS
    Hongyu Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..The developments of these novel statistical methods and user-friendly computer programs will provide biomedical researchers with important tools to identify genes underlying complex traits . ..
  23. Mechanism of Meiotic Pairing in Drosophila
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie meiotic chromosome segregation could lead to improved treatments for infertility and chromosome segregation errors. ..
  24. CYTOCHROME OXIDASE ASSEMBLY GENES IN HUMAN DISEASE
    ERIC SCHON; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..abstract_text> ..
  25. Conference on Mammalian Gametogenesis & Embryogenesis
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..A particularly important aspect of the Gordon Conference setting is the blending of young and established investigators to promote exchanges that will generate new ideas and foster new collaborations in the field. ..
  26. Mechanism of Meiotic Pairing in Drosophila
    BRUCE MCKEE; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..3) What is the molecular basis for homologous pairing in early prophase. 4) How are homologous pairing and conjunction related? We will use predominant genetic and cell biological methods to address these questions. ..
  27. STATISTICAL METHODS TO MAP GENES FOR COMPLEX TRAITS
    Hongyu Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2001
    ....
  28. The Mouse Oocyte: A New Assay for Reproductive Toxins
    Patricia Hunt; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..In addition, because the observed meiotic disruption (congression failure) is an age-related defect in human oocytes, the data may provide important insight to human age-related aneuploidy. ..
  29. International Symposium on Genome-Wide Association Studies
    Hongyu Zhao; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..The meeting materials will be made available to the public via several channels, such as published meeting report and conference web site, to further increase the impact of this conference. ..